{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:27:52Z","timestamp":1773656872474,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Walter de Gruyter GmbH","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_s_001\">\n                    <jats:title>Background and purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u2018Central sensitization\u2019 (CS) may play a major role in maintaining several chronic pain conditions. CS has been proposed to play a significant role in a range of musculoskeletal pain conditions, such as trapezius myalgia, fibromyalgia, temporomandibular disorders, and low back pain. Whether CS varies over time within an individual is not known. This study evaluated (1) whether there is an intraindividual association between clinical pain and signs of CS, and (2) whether there is an inter-individual association between clinical pain and signs of CS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_s_002\">\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-seven sedentary workers (19 women, 8 men) with varying neck\/shoulder pain participated in a pre-test and in two test sessions. On one of the test sessions the subjects had weak (or no) clinical pain (\n                      <jats:italic>weak-pain day<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). On the other test session the subjects had stronger clinical pain (\n                      <jats:italic>strong-pain day<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). As an indicator of \u2018central sensitization\u2019, we assessed the area of secondary pinprick hyperalgesia (tested by 84.4 g\/mm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      Von Frey hairs) in response to a first-degree burn to the volar fore-arm (contact heat, 46\u00b0C, 5 min). While in the lab, the subjects\u2019 current clinical pain intensity (0\u201310 cm VAS) and distribution was assessed (PINT\n                      <jats:sub>lab<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PDIST\n                      <jats:sub>lab<\/jats:sub>\n                      ). The subjects also rated their pain intensity and distribution retrospectively from the past 30 days (PINT\n                      <jats:sub>30<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PDIST\n                      <jats:sub>30<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_s_003\">\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      PINT\n                      <jats:sub>lab<\/jats:sub>\n                      was lower on the weak-pain day (1.7 \u00b1 1.5 cm) than on the strong-pain day (4.3 \u00b1 1.6 cm). This was also the case for the other clinical pain measures (PDIST\n                      <jats:sub>lab<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PINT\n                      <jats:sub>30 d<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PDIST\n                      <jats:sub>30 d<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) and indicated that the participants were successfully recruited at days that differed in clinical pain severity. Despite a significant intra-individual difference in clinical pain between days, the area of secondary hyperalgesia did not differ between\n                      <jats:italic>weak<\/jats:italic>\n                      -and\n                      <jats:italic>strong-pain days<\/jats:italic>\n                      (50.3 \u00b1 13.5 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      vs. 51.2 \u00b1 12.6 cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Testing the inter-individual association between clinical pain and secondary hyperalgesia, we found a positive correlation between PINT\n                      <jats:sub>lab<\/jats:sub>\n                      and secondary hyperalgesia on the\n                      <jats:italic>weak-pain day<\/jats:italic>\n                      (rho = 0.6), but not on the\n                      <jats:italic>strong-pain day<\/jats:italic>\n                      (rho = 0.1). Given the stable secondary hyperalgesia across weak-and strong-pain days, this implies that subjects with a small secondary hyperalgesic area exhibited a relatively large variation in clinical pain between days, whereas subjects with a large secondary hyperalgesic area exhibited relatively small variation in clinical pain.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_s_004\">\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>When subjects are observed across days, \u2018central sensitization\u2019, measured as the area of secondary hyperalgesia after a first-degree burn, does not seem to be important for clinical pain intensity per se, but may be important for clinical pain variation. Subjects with indication of low \u2018central sensitization\u2019 seem to exhibit larger variation in pain between \u201cgood\u201d and \u201cbad\u201d days than subjects with indication of high \u2018central sensitization\u2019. The study indicates that \u2018central sensitization\u2019 does not explain intra-individual variations in clinical pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec id=\"j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_s_005\">\n                    <jats:title>Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study raises the question of the role of \u2018central sensitization\u2019 in clinical musculoskeletal pain disorders. Furthermore, a precise definition of the \u2018central sensitization\u2019 concept is called for.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2012.04.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]],"date-time":"2012-10-04T17:42:20Z","timestamp":1349372540000},"page":"230-235","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["\u2018Central sensitization\u2019 in chronic neck\/shoulder pain"],"prefix":"10.1515","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Dagfinn","family":"Matre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Work Psychology and Physiology , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stein","family":"Knardahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Work Psychology and Physiology , National Institute of Occupational Health , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"374","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain 2010.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.09.030"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Verne GN, Robinson ME, Vase L, Price DD. Reversal of visceral and cuta-neous hyperalgesia by local rectal anesthesia in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients. Pain 2003;105:223\u201330.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(03)00210-0"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kosek E, Ordeberg G. Abnormalities of somatosensory perception in patients with painful osteoarthritis normalize following successful treatment. Eur J Pain 2000;4:229\u201338.","DOI":"10.1053\/eujp.2000.0175"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnston V, Jimmieson NL, Jull G, Souvlis T. Quantitative sensory measures distinguish office workers with varying levels of neck pain and disability. Pain 2008;137:257\u201365.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.08.037"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lef\u00fcer AS, Hansson P, Kosek E. Somatosensory perception in patients suffering from long-term trapezius myalgia at the site overlying the most painful part of the muscle and in an area of pain referral. Eur J Pain 2003;7: 267\u201376.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-3801(02)00138-6"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Desmeules JA, Cedraschi C, Rapiti E, Baumgartner E, Finckh A, Cohen P, Dayer P, Vischer TL. Neurophysiologic evidence for a \u2018central sensitization\u2019 in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48:1420\u20139.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10893"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Galan-Del-Rio F, Fernandez-Carnero J, Pesquera J, Arendt-Nielsen L, Svensson P. Bilateral widespread mechanical pain sensitivity in women with myofascial temporomandibular disorder: evidence of impairment in central nociceptive processing. J Pain 2009;10: 1170\u20138.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2009.04.017"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen R. Mechanisms of spontaneous tension-type headaches: an analysis of tenderness, pain thresholds and EMG. Pain 1996;64:251\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(95)00114-X"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2018Neill S, Manniche C, Graven-Nielsen T, Rendt-Nielsen L. Generalized deeptissue hyperalgesia in patients with chronic low-back pain. Eur J Pain 2007;11:415\u201320.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2006.05.009"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Giesecke T, Gracely RH, Grant MA, Nachemson A, Petzke F, Williams DA, Clauw DJ. Evidence of augmented central pain processing in idiopathic chronic low back pain. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:613\u201323.","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20063"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell JN, Raja SN, Meyer RA, Mackinnon SE. Myelinated afferents signal the hyperalgesia associated with nerve injury. Pain 1988;32:89\u201394.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90027-9"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steingrimsdottir OA, Vollestad NK, Roe C, Knardahl S. Variation in reporting of pain and other subjective health complaints in a working population and limitations of single sample measurements. Pain 2004;110: 130\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.03.016"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cervero F, Gilbert R, Hammond RG, Tanner J. Development of secondary hyperalgesia following non-painful thermal stimulation of the skin: a psychophysical study in man. Pain 1993;54:181\u20139.","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(93)90207-6"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LaMotte RH, Shain CN, Simone DA, Tsai EF. Neurogenic hyperalgesia: psychophysical studies of underlying mechanisms. J Neurophysiol 1991;66:190\u2013211.","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.1.190"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matre D, Casey KL, Knardahl S. Placebo-induced changes in spinal cord pain processing. J Neurosci 2006;26:559\u201363.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4218-05.2006"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warncke T, Stubhaug A, Jorum E. Preinjury treatment with morphine or ketamine inhibits the development of experimentally induced secondary hyperalgesia in man. Pain 2000;86:293\u2013303.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00260-8"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hagen K, Zwart JA, Holmen J, Svebak S, Bovim G, Stovner LJ. Does hypertension protect against chronic musculoskeletal complaints? The Nord-Trondelag Health Study. Arch Inter Med 2005;165:916\u201322.","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.8.916"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staud R, Bovee CE, Robinson ME, Price DD. Cutaneous C-fiber pain abnormalities of fibromyalgia patients are specifically related to temporal summation. Pain 2008;139:315\u201323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.04.024"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Staud R, Nagel S, Robinson ME, Price DD. Enhanced central pain processing of fibromyalgia patients is maintained by muscle afferent input: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Pain 2009;145: 96\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2009.05.020"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koltzenburg M, Torebjork HE, Wahren LK. Nociceptor modulated \u2018central sensitization\u2019 causes mechanical hyperalgesia in acute chemogenic and chronic neuropathic pain. Brain 1994;117(Pt 3):579\u201391.","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.3.579"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diers M, Koeppe C, Diesch E, Stolle AM, Holzl R, Schiltenwolf M, van AK, Flor H. Central processing of acute muscle pain in chronic low back pain patients: an EEG mapping study. J Clin Neurophysiol 2007;24:76\u201383.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnp.0000241093.00844.0e"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koelbaek JM, Graven-Nielsen T, Schou OA, Arendt-Nielsen L. Generalised muscular hyperalgesia in chronic whiplash syndrome. Pain 1999;83: 229\u201334.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00106-2"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_023","unstructured":"Sorensen J, Graven-Nielsen T, Henriksson KG, Bengtsson M, Arendt-Nielsen L. Hyperexcitability in fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 1998;25: 152\u20135."},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L. Peripheral and \u2018central sensitization\u2019 in musculoskeletal pain disorders: an experimental approach. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2002;4:313\u201321.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-002-0040-y"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DeSantana JM, Sluka KA. Central mechanisms in the maintenance of chronic widespread noninfiammatory muscle pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2008;12:338\u201343.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-008-0057-7"},{"key":"2025120909562447907_j_j.sjpain.2012.04.003_ref_026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gendreau M, Hufford MR, Stone AA. Measuring clinical pain in chronic widespread pain: selected methodological issues. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2003;17:575\u201392.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6942(03)00031-7"}],"container-title":["Scandinavian Journal of Pain"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/view\/journals\/sjpain\/3\/4\/article-p230.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187788601200047X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S187788601200047X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1016\/j.sjpain.2012.04.003\/xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1016\/j.sjpain.2012.04.003\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T11:55:41Z","timestamp":1765281341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.degruyterbrill.com\/document\/doi\/10.1016\/j.sjpain.2012.04.003\/html"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.sjpain.2012.04.003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sjpain.2012.04.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1877-8860","1877-8879"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1877-8860","type":"print"},{"value":"1877-8879","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]}}}