{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T18:02:23Z","timestamp":1790877743753,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,1]],"date-time":"2007-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]],"date-time":"2007-03-29T11:18:11Z","timestamp":1175167091000},"page":"222-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Endogenous melatonin predicts efficacy of exogenous melatonin in consolidation of fragmented wrist-activity rhythm of adult patients with developmental brain disorders: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Maija-Liisa","family":"Laakso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niki","family":"Lindblom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Leinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00503.x","article-title":"Melatonin and sleep in humans","volume":"15","author":"Dawson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1996.tb00286.x","article-title":"Use of melatonin in the treatment of paediatric sleep disorders","volume":"21","author":"Jan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3109\/07853899808999393","article-title":"Use of melatonin for sleep and circadian rhythm disorders","volume":"30","author":"Sack","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.40.11.793","article-title":"Melatonin supplementation for severe and intractable sleep disturbance in young people with genetically determined developmental disabilities: short review and commentary","volume":"40","author":"Turk","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2004.04.003","article-title":"Melatonin as a hypnotic: Pro","volume":"9","author":"Zhdanova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00998.x","article-title":"Systematic review of melatonin treatment in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities and sleep impairment","volume":"46","author":"Phillips","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buscemi N, Vandermeer B, Pandya R, et al. Melatonin for treatment of sleep disorders. Evidence Report No. 108, University of Alberta Evidence-based Practice Center, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; 2004. 137 p. http:\/\/www.ahrq.gov\/downloads\/pub\/evidence\/pdf\/melatonin\/melatonin.pdf\/.","DOI":"10.1037\/e439412005-001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2174\/1573400052953556","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of oral melatonin for adults (18 to 65 years) with delayed sleep phase syndrome and adults (18 to 65 years) with primary insomnia","volume":"1","author":"MacMahon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Psychiat Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2004.07.001","article-title":"Melatonin as a hypnotic: Con","volume":"9","author":"van den Heuvel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1998.tb15445.x","article-title":"Sleep dysfunction in Rett syndrome: a trial of exogenous melatonin treatment","volume":"40","author":"McArthur","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162299000237","article-title":"Use of melatonin to treat sleep disorders in tuberous sclerosis","volume":"41","author":"O\u2019Callaghan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1177\/088307380101600808","article-title":"Melatonin for treatment of sleep disorders in children with developmental disabilities","volume":"16","author":"Dodge","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025027231938","article-title":"Brief report: melatonin facilitates sleep in individuals with mental retardation and insomnia","volume":"33","author":"Niederhofer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2003.09.008","article-title":"Melatonin in wake\u2013sleep disorders in children, adolescents and young adults with mental retardation with or without epilepsy: a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Coppola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389601100414","article-title":"Melatonin appears ineffective in children with intellectual deficits and fragmented sleep: six \u201cN of 1\u201d trials","volume":"11","author":"Camfield","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.1999.2815","article-title":"Melatonin ineffective in neuronal ceroid\u2013lipofuscinosis patients with fragmented or normal motor activity rhythms recorded by wrist actigraphy","volume":"66","author":"H\u00e4t\u00f6nen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Genet Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.7.598","article-title":"Melatonin replacement therapy of elderly insomniacs","volume":"18","author":"Haimov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(96)00754-6","article-title":"Improvement of sleep quality by controlled-release melatonin in benzodiazepine-treated elderly insomniacs","volume":"24","author":"Garfinkel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib19","first-page":"52","article-title":"The role of melatonin and circadian phase in age-related sleep-maintenance insomnia: assessment in a clinical trial of melatonin replacement","volume":"21","author":"Hughes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.07.017","article-title":"Nocturnal 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion in insomnia and its relation to the response to melatonin replacement therapy","volume":"116","author":"Leger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00205.x","article-title":"Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire (BNSQ): a quantitated measure of subjective sleep complaints","volume":"4","author":"Partinen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.05.002","article-title":"Wrist actigraphy in estimation of sleep and wake in intellectually disabled subjects with motor handicaps","volume":"5","author":"Laakso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib23","series-title":"Neuroendocrinology: new frontiers","first-page":"255","article-title":"24 hr pattern of serum melatonin in patients with anorexia nervosa determined by a novel 125I-radioimmunoassay without extraction","author":"Manz","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib24","series-title":"Principles and practice of sleep medicine","first-page":"1197","article-title":"Monitoring and staging human sleep","author":"Carskadon","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3109\/07420529908998724","article-title":"Bright light therapy: Improved sensitivity to its effects on rest\u2013activity rhythms in Alzheimer patients by application of nonparametric methods","volume":"16","author":"Van Someren","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-2607(96)01723-3","article-title":"MIXREG: a computer program for mixed-effects regression analysis with autocorrelated errors","volume":"49","author":"Hedeker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Comp Meth Progr Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib27","series-title":"Multilevel Analysis. An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling","author":"Snijders","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510510025764","article-title":"Urinary 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate excretion in intellectually disabled subjects with sleep disorders and multiple medications: validation of measurements in urine extracted from diapers","volume":"65","author":"Laakso","year":"2005","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00867353","article-title":"Melatonin, cortisol and body temperature rhythms in Lennox-Gastaut patients with or without circadian rhythm sleep disorders","volume":"240","author":"Laakso","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-55-3-491","article-title":"The daily profile of plasma melatonin in obese and Prader-Willi syndrome children","volume":"55","author":"Tamarkin","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1530\/acta.0.112S411","article-title":"Circadian fluctuation of plasma melatonin in Prader-Willi\u2019s syndrome and obesity","volume":"Suppl. 279","author":"Willig","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1996.tb00238.x","article-title":"Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate in Down syndrome subjects","volume":"20","author":"Reiter","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320570223","article-title":"Circadian rhythm studies in neuronal ceroid\u2013lipofuscinosis (NCL)","volume":"57","author":"Heikkil\u00e4","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.5.1445","article-title":"Bright light suppresses melatonin in blind patients with neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses (NCL)","volume":"50","author":"H\u00e4t\u00f6nen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8628(20001211)95:4<307::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Melatonin profiles and sleep characteristics in boys with fragile X syndrome: a preliminary study","volume":"95","author":"Gould","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03274.x","article-title":"Does melatonin deficiency cause the enlarged genitalia of the fragile-X syndrome?","volume":"24","author":"O\u2019Hare","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(98)00072-2","article-title":"Serum melatonin kinetics and long-term melatonin treatment for sleep disorders in Rett syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Miyamoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib38","first-page":"570","article-title":"Sleep disorder in Rett syndrome and melatonin treatment","volume":"21","author":"Yamashita","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1515\/JPEM.1999.12.1.57","article-title":"Effects of a low dose of melatonin on sleep in children with Angelman syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Zhdanova","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.37.6.428","article-title":"Circadian rhythm abnormalities of melatonin in Smith-Magenis syndrome","volume":"37","author":"Potocki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.115018","article-title":"Inversion of the circadian rhythm of melatonin in the Smith-Magenis syndrome","volume":"139","author":"De Leersnyder","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/074873099129000371","article-title":"Melatonin rhythms in delayed sleep phase syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Shibui","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1159\/000014575","article-title":"Melatonin in circadian sleep disorders in the blind","volume":"8","author":"Skene","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Signals Recept"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.309.6948.167","article-title":"Sleep disorders and melatonin rhythms in elderly people","volume":"309","author":"Haimov","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00179.x","article-title":"Nocturnal plasma melatonin levels in patients suffering from chronic primary insomnia","volume":"19","author":"Hajak","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199905000-00002","article-title":"Patients in the intensive care unit suffer from severe lack of sleep associated with loss of normal melatonin secretion pattern","volume":"317","author":"Shilo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(02)00249-4","article-title":"Nocturnal cortisol and melatonin secretion in primary insomnia","volume":"113","author":"Riemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1998.tb00526.x","article-title":"Melatonin excretion is not related to sleep in the elderly","volume":"24","author":"Youngstedt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1999.00130.x","article-title":"The relationship between 6-sulphatoxymelatonin and polysomnographic sleep in good sleeping controls and wake maintenance insomniacs, aged 55\u201380 years","volume":"8","author":"Lushington","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.10.4727","article-title":"Melatonin treatment for age-related insomnia","volume":"86","author":"Zhdanova","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(98)00129-0","article-title":"Polysomnographic study of the effect of melatonin on sleep in elderly patients with chronic primary insomnia","volume":"28","author":"Monti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/32.2.164","article-title":"Does melatonin improve sleep in older people? A randomised crossover trial","volume":"32","author":"Baskett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2005.00451.x","article-title":"Prediction of melatonin efficacy by pretreatment dim light melatonin onset in children with idiopathic chronic sleep onset insomnia","volume":"14","author":"Van der Heijden","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.332.7540.550","article-title":"Does melatonin improve sleep? Efficacy of melatonin (letter)","volume":"332","author":"Arendt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-081X(200001)21:1<15::AID-BDD215>3.0.CO;2-H","article-title":"Bioavailability of melatonin in humans after day-time administration of D7 melatonin","volume":"21","author":"Fourtillan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-120002880","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation in mentally retarded people decreases with increasing daylength in spring","volume":"19","author":"Lindblom","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00370-3","article-title":"Circadian rest\u2013activity rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Van Someren","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)89928-3","article-title":"Indirect bright light improves circadian rest\u2013activity rhythm disturbances in demented patients","volume":"41","author":"Van Someren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945706006149?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945706006149?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T20:42:36Z","timestamp":1556311356000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945706006149"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1389945706006149"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.09.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]}}}