{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:08:55Z","timestamp":1791216535293,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":223,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,1]],"date-time":"2007-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,27]],"date-time":"2007-03-27T11:17:49Z","timestamp":1174994269000},"page":"623-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":236,"title":["Disturbance and strategies for reactivation of the circadian rhythm system in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ying-Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dick F.","family":"Swaab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/35081582","article-title":"Hypothalamic integration of central and peripheral clocks","volume":"2","author":"Buijs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib2","series-title":"Human hypothalamus: basic and clinical aspects. Part I. Nuclei of the human hypothalamus","author":"Swaab","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.1.40","article-title":"Sleep in normal aging and dementia","volume":"16","author":"Bliwise","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(00)00191-1","article-title":"Circadian and sleep disturbances in the elderly","volume":"35","author":"Van Someren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.6.425","article-title":"Sleep complaints among elderly persons: an epidemiologic study of three communities","volume":"18","author":"Foley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(82)90018-5","article-title":"Chronobiology of aging: temperature, sleep\u2013wake rhythms and entrainment","volume":"3","author":"Weitzman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)64570-7","article-title":"Circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in perinatal development, aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"93","author":"Mirmiran","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00038-1","article-title":"Phase advance of sleep and temperature circadian rhythms in the middle years of life in humans","volume":"320","author":"Carrier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3726555","article-title":"Bright light resets the human circadian pacemaker independent of the timing of the sleep\u2013wake cycle","volume":"233","author":"Czeisler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)92817-Y","article-title":"Association of sleep\u2013wake habits in older people with changes in output of circadian pacemaker","volume":"340","author":"Czeisler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5423.2177","article-title":"Stability, precision, and near-24-hour period of the human circadian pacemaker","volume":"284","author":"Czeisler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib12","first-page":"R1478","article-title":"Later endogenous circadian temperature nadir relative to an earlier wake time in older people","volume":"275","author":"Duffy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-100101049","article-title":"Contribution of circadian physiology and sleep homeostasis to age-related changes in human sleep","volume":"17","author":"Dijk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E297","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00268.2001","article-title":"Peak of circadian melatonin rhythm occurs later within the sleep of older subjects","volume":"282","author":"Duffy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib15","series-title":"Electroencephalography (EEG) of human sleep: clinical applications","author":"Williams","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(91)90195-F","article-title":"Sleep patterns in rural elders: demographic, health, and psychobehavioral correlates","volume":"44","author":"Habte-Gabr","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30683-9","article-title":"Epidemiology of sleep disorders","volume":"5","author":"Ancoli-Israel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00733-3","article-title":"Age-associated difference in circadian sleep\u2013wake and rest-activity rhythms","volume":"76","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1997.00230.x","article-title":"Sleep and morningness\u2013eveningness in the \u2018middle\u2019 years of life (20\u201359 y)","volume":"6","author":"Carrier","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7634(95)00018-6","article-title":"Changes in circadian rhythms and sleep quality with aging: mechanisms and interventions","volume":"19","author":"Myers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.2.201","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness and cognitive impairment in the elderly population","volume":"162","author":"Ohayon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(90)90523-5","article-title":"Alterations in the circadian rest-activity rhythm in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"27","author":"Witting","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M303","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/50A.6.M303","article-title":"Observed sleep\/wakefulness and severity of dementia in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease special care unit","volume":"50","author":"Bliwise","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib24","first-page":"18","article-title":"Variations in circadian rhythms of activity, sleep, and light exposure related to dementia in nursing-home patients","volume":"20","author":"Ancoli-Israel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-867072","article-title":"Sleep and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"25","author":"Bhatt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199008233230805","article-title":"Geriatrics: sleep disorders and aging","volume":"323","author":"Prinz","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879901200203","article-title":"Characteristics of sleep disturbance in community-dwelling Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients","volume":"12","author":"McCurry","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2005.00462.x","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness in mild and moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its relationship with cognitive impairment","volume":"14","author":"Bonanni","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib29","first-page":"20","article-title":"REVIEW. The use of melatonin in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Cardinali","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(95)00676-1","article-title":"Sundowning syndrome in demented patients without neuroleptic therapy","volume":"22","author":"Lebert","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.5.704","article-title":"Sundowning and circadian rhythms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"158","author":"Volicer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M163","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/43.6.M163","article-title":"Age-related alterations in the circadian rhythms of pulsatile luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in healthy men","volume":"43","author":"Tenover","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00320.x","article-title":"Diurnal variation in the levels of antidiuretic hormone in the elderly","volume":"229","author":"Asplund","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000184231","article-title":"Effects of ageing on endocrine and neuroendocrine rhythms in humans","volume":"43","author":"Touitou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.84.1.323","article-title":"Decreased melatonin levels in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid in relation to aging, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and apolipoprotein E-epsilon4\/4 genotype","volume":"84","author":"Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2003-030833","article-title":"Molecular changes underlying reduced pineal melatonin levels in Alzheimer disease: alterations in preclinical and clinical stages","volume":"88","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.3109\/07420529709001459","article-title":"Changes in endocrine circadian rhythms as markers of physiological and pathological brain aging","volume":"14","author":"Magri","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.1998.sp004124","article-title":"Daily patterns of secretion of neurohypophysial hormones in man: effect of age","volume":"83","author":"Forsling","year":"1998","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(96)00167-4","article-title":"Different manifestations of circadian rhythms in senile dementia of Alzheimer\u2019s type and multi-infarct dementia","volume":"18","author":"Mishima","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(00)00160-1","article-title":"Pineal and pituitary-adrenocortical function in physiological aging and in senile dementia","volume":"35","author":"Ferrari","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00510-6","article-title":"Melatonin secretion rhythm disorders in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer\u2019s type with disturbed sleep\u2013waking","volume":"45","author":"Mishima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.136.10.1257","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep disorders in the Los Angeles metropolitan area","volume":"136","author":"Bixler","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1998.00118.x","article-title":"Insomnia in an 80-year-old population: relationship to medical, psychological and social factors","volume":"7","author":"Jensen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02533.x","article-title":"Sleep complaints in community-dwelling older persons: prevalence, associated factors, and reported causes","volume":"46","author":"Maggi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.10.5.8621064","article-title":"Partial night sleep deprivation reduces natural killer and cellular immune responses in humans","volume":"10","author":"Irwin","year":"1996","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00145.x","article-title":"Symposium: cognitive processes and sleep disturbances: sleep\/wake patterns in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: relationships with cognition and function","volume":"4","author":"Moe","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.7.583","article-title":"Relationship between sleepiness and general health status","volume":"19","author":"Briones","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/21.1.27","article-title":"Correlates of daytime sleepiness in 4578 elderly persons: the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"21","author":"Whitney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1997.tb00970.x","article-title":"Sleep disturbance, psychosocial correlates, and cardiovascular disease in 5201 older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study","volume":"45","author":"Newman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-199600101-00003","article-title":"The socioeconomic impact of insomnia. An overview","volume":"10","author":"Chilcott","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.248.3.333","article-title":"The impact of dementia on the family","volume":"248","author":"Rabins","year":"1982","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01853.x","article-title":"The relations among caregiver stress, sundowning symptoms, and cognitive decline in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Gallagher-Thompson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7036.947","article-title":"A follow up study of depression in the carers of dementia sufferers","volume":"312","author":"Ballard","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879100400405","article-title":"Sleep problems and institutionalization of the elderly","volume":"4","author":"Pollak","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib55","first-page":"108","article-title":"Predictors of mortality and institutionalization in Alzheimer disease patients 1 year after discharge from an Alzheimer dementia unit","volume":"6","author":"Bianchetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Dementia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.12.005","article-title":"Sleep disturbance in mild to moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Moran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049300800402","article-title":"Diurnal and seasonal rhythms of neuronal activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of humans","volume":"8","author":"Hofman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198308183090707","article-title":"Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 33-1983. A 55-year-old woman with diabetes insipidus and a suprasellar mass","volume":"309","author":"Scully","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313981","article-title":"A discrete lesion of ventral hypothalamus and optic chiasm that disturbed the daily temperature rhythm","volume":"233","author":"Schwartz","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.5.726","article-title":"Disruption of human circadian and cognitive regulation following a discrete hypothalamic lesion: a case study","volume":"41","author":"Cohen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)64566-5","article-title":"The fourth C.U. Ariens Kappers lecture. The organization of the human circadian timing system","volume":"93","author":"Moore","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1983.04050080060011","article-title":"Hypothalamic astrocytoma. Syndrome of hyperphagia, obesity, and disturbances of behavior and endocrine and autonomic function","volume":"40","author":"Haugh","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)02890-6","article-title":"Suprachiasmatic nucleus in the mouse: retinal innervation, intrinsic organization and efferent projections","volume":"916","author":"Abrahamson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(87)91468-5","article-title":"In vivo metabolic activity of the suprachiasmatic nuclei: non-uniform intranuclear distribution of 14C-labeled deoxyglucose uptake","volume":"424","author":"Schwartz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61580-0","article-title":"Vasopressin neurotransmission and the control of circadian rhythms in the suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"119","author":"Ingram","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5044-03.2004","article-title":"Suprachiasmatic nuclei grafts restore the circadian rhythm in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus","volume":"24","author":"Tousson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5555","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-17-05555.1996","article-title":"A diurnal rhythm of stimulatory input to the hypothalamo\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal system as revealed by timed intrahypothalamic administration of the vasopressin V1 antagonist","volume":"16","author":"Kalsbeek","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90689-0","article-title":"Alterations in circadian rhythmicity of the vasopressin-producing neurons of the human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) with aging","volume":"651","author":"Hofman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(95)00043-E","article-title":"VIP neurons in the human SCN in relation to sex, age, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Zhou","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(95)02016-0","article-title":"Influence of aging on the seasonal rhythm of the vasopressin-expressing neurons in the human suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"16","author":"Hofman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91350-2","article-title":"The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia","volume":"342","author":"Swaab","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60216-2","article-title":"Suprachiasmatic nucleus in aging, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, transsexuality and Prader\u2013Willi syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Swaab","year":"1987","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19990101)44:1<36::AID-JEMT5>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Activation and degeneration during aging: a morphometric study of the human hypothalamus","volume":"44","author":"Zhou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500545938","article-title":"The GABAergic network in the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a key regulator of the biological clock: does it change during senescence?","volume":"23","author":"Nygard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199901000-00004","article-title":"Pathologic evaluation of the human suprachiasmatic nucleus in severe dementia","volume":"58","author":"Stopa","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)91101-J","article-title":"Tau and ubiquitin in the human hypothalamus in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"590","author":"Swaab","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91602-0","article-title":"The monoclonal antibody Alz-50, used to reveal cytoskeletal changes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, also reacts with a large subpopulation of somatostatin neurons in the normal human hypothalamus and adjoining areas","volume":"655","author":"Van de Nes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050872","article-title":"Comparison of beta-protein\/A4 deposits and Alz-50-stained cytoskeletal changes in the hypothalamus and adjoining areas of Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients: amorphic plaques and cytoskeletal changes occur independently","volume":"96","author":"Van de Nes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/59.4.314","article-title":"Decreased vasopressin gene expression in the biological clock of Alzheimer disease patients with and without depression","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4446fje","article-title":"Pineal clock gene oscillation is disturbed in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, due to functional disconnection from the master clock","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2003.00065.x","article-title":"Early neuropathological Alzheimer\u2019s changes in aged individuals are accompanied by decreased cerebrospinal fluid melatonin levels","volume":"35","author":"Zhou","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.63.1.647","article-title":"Molecular analysis of mammalian circadian rhythms","volume":"63","author":"Reppert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2000.102","article-title":"A clockwork organ","volume":"381","author":"Whitmore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.10010","article-title":"Circadian profile of Per gene mRNA expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, and pineal body of aged rats","volume":"66","author":"Asai","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730403251802","article-title":"Aging alters circadian and light-induced expression of clock genes in golden hamsters","volume":"18","author":"Kolker","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10801","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.152318499","article-title":"Effects of aging on central and peripheral mammalian clocks","volume":"99","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2003.06.007","article-title":"Effects of age on circadian rhythms are similar in wild-type and heterozygous Clock mutant mice","volume":"25","author":"Kolker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.256103","article-title":"Loss of circadian rhythmicity in aging mPer1\u2212\/\u2212mCry2\u2212\/\u2212 mutant mice","volume":"17","author":"Oster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2004.08.001","article-title":"The basic physiology and pathophysiology of melatonin","volume":"9","author":"Claustrat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000204504.25798.a8","article-title":"Cellular senescence impairs circadian expression of clock genes in vitro and in vivo","volume":"98","author":"Kunieda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib91","series-title":"Melatonin and the mammalian pineal gland","author":"Arendt","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d1093","DOI":"10.2741\/1089","article-title":"Molecular pharmacology, regulation and function of mammalian melatonin receptors","volume":"8","author":"Dubocovich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8734","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.19.8734","article-title":"Molecular characterization of a second melatonin receptor expressed in human retina and brain: the Mel1b melatonin receptor","volume":"92","author":"Reppert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(94)90055-8","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of a mammalian melatonin receptor that mediates reproductive and circadian responses","volume":"13","author":"Reppert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80350-5","article-title":"Molecular dissection of two distinct actions of melatonin on the suprachiasmatic circadian clock","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199612200-00022","article-title":"The Mel1a melatonin receptor gene is expressed in human suprachiasmatic nuclei","volume":"8","author":"Weaver","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2002.02921.x","article-title":"Melatonin receptors in human fetal brain: 2-[(125)I]iodomelatonin binding and MT1 gene expression","volume":"33","author":"Thomas","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2845576","article-title":"Putative melatonin receptors in a human biological clock","volume":"242","author":"Reppert","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21152","article-title":"Distribution of MT1 melatonin receptor immunoreactivity in the human hypothalamus and pituitary gland: colocalization of MT1 with vasopressin, oxytocin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib100","article-title":"Decreased MT1 melatonin receptor expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(96)00017-4","article-title":"The melatonin receptor in the human brain: cloning experiments and distribution studies","volume":"39","author":"Mazzucchelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2006.01.002","article-title":"Melatonin receptors in humans: biological role and clinical relevance","author":"Ekmekcioglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00198-5","article-title":"Melatonin rhythmicity: effect of age and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Skene","year":"2003","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00196.x","article-title":"The human pineal gland and melatonin in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"38","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2003.01897.x","article-title":"Alterations in the circadian rhythm of salivary melatonin begin during middle-age","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00266-1","article-title":"Do plasma melatonin concentrations decline with age?","volume":"107","author":"Zeitzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730405280248","article-title":"Are modifications of melatonin circadian rhythm in the middle years of life related to habitual patterns of light exposure?","volume":"20","author":"Kawinska","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020050208","article-title":"Serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of melatonin: a pilot study in healthy male volunteers","volume":"106","author":"Rousseau","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02096.x","article-title":"Melatonin reduces oxidant damage and promotes mitochondrial respiration: implications for aging","volume":"959","author":"Reiter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02253360","article-title":"Actions of melatonin in the reduction of oxidative stress. A review","volume":"7","author":"Reiter","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020050018","article-title":"An assessment of the antioxidant and the antiamyloidogenic properties of melatonin: implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"107","author":"Pappolla","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1999.tb00619.x","article-title":"Alzheimer beta protein mediated oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA: prevention by melatonin","volume":"27","author":"Pappolla","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00164.x","article-title":"Melatonin reduces amyloid beta-induced apoptosis in pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells","volume":"37","author":"Feng","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01654.x","article-title":"Melatonin increases survival and inhibits oxidative and amyloid pathology in a transgenic model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"85","author":"Matsubara","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2006.00260.x","article-title":"Role of melatonin in Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2004.00136.x","article-title":"Effect of inhibiting melatonin biosynthesis on spatial memory retention and tau phosphorylation in rat","volume":"37","author":"Zhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib117","first-page":"111","article-title":"Histology of the pineal gland in the elderly human","volume":"13","author":"Gusek","year":"1983","journal-title":"Aktuelle Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00318168","article-title":"Calcium concretions in the pineal gland of aged rats: an ultrastructural and microanalytical study of their biogenesis","volume":"279","author":"Humbert","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(98)00013-4","article-title":"On pineal calcification and its relation to subjective sleep perception: a hypothesis-driven pilot study","volume":"82","author":"Kunz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1994.tb00098.x","article-title":"Calcium, calcification, and melatonin biosynthesis in the human pineal gland: a postmortem study into age-related factors","volume":"16","author":"Schmid","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1990.tb03882.x","article-title":"Factors influencing urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin, a major melatonin metabolite, in normal human subjects","volume":"33","author":"Bojkowski","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(99)00069-X","article-title":"A new concept for melatonin deficit: on pineal calcification and melatonin excretion","volume":"21","author":"Kunz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-28-3-349","article-title":"Enzymes of the human pineal body","volume":"28","author":"Otani","year":"1968","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294615","article-title":"The human pineal gland in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: patterns of cytoskeletal antigen immunoreactivity","volume":"80","author":"Pardo","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol (Berl)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711080207","article-title":"The histological appearance of the human pineal gland from puberty to old age","volume":"108","author":"Tapp","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-195407000-00009","article-title":"The pineal gland in old age","volume":"13","author":"Arieti","year":"1954","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)90818-4","article-title":"Noradrenergic innervation of human pineal gland: abnormalities in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"481","author":"Jengeleski","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1017\/S104161029000028X","article-title":"A quantitative study of intracranial calcification in dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"2","author":"Friedland","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00324-9","article-title":"Daily variation and light responsiveness of mammalian clock gene, Clock and BMAL1, transcripts in the pineal body and different areas of brain in rats","volume":"267","author":"Namihira","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4557","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953-816X.2000.01324.x","article-title":"Differential adrenergic regulation of the circadian expression of the clock genes Period1 and Period2 in the rat pineal gland","volume":"12","author":"Takekida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(00)01129-0","article-title":"Circadian expression of period 1, period 2, and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase mRNA in the rat pineal gland under different light conditions","volume":"286","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2001.00643.x","article-title":"Clock gene protein mPER1 is rhythmically synthesized and under cAMP control in the mouse pineal organ","volume":"13","author":"Von Gall","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2003.10.019","article-title":"Daily rhythm and regulation of clock gene expression in the rat pineal gland","volume":"120","author":"Simonneaux","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.164R001","article-title":"Melatonin administration can entrain the free-running circadian system of blind subjects","volume":"164","author":"Lockley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010123431503","article-title":"Entrainment of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind people","volume":"343","author":"Sack","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2826.2003.01006.x","article-title":"Optimization of light and melatonin to phase-shift human circadian rhythms","volume":"15","author":"Skene","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200616","article-title":"Efficacy of melatonin treatment in jet lag, shift work, and blindness","volume":"12","author":"Arendt","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib138","first-page":"R991","article-title":"3rd and Czeisler, CA. Nonphotic entrainment of the human circadian pacemaker","volume":"274","author":"Klerman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib139","article-title":"Decreased sensitivity to phase-delaying effects of moderate intensity light in older subjects","author":"Duffy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.12.001","article-title":"Light-induced melatonin suppression: age-related reduction in response to short wavelength light","volume":"40","author":"Herljevic","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2000.00221.x","article-title":"Illumination levels in nursing home patients: effects on sleep and activity rhythms","volume":"9","author":"Shochat","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.1.129","article-title":"Diminished melatonin secretion in the elderly caused by insufficient environmental illumination","volume":"86","author":"Mishima","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00370-3","article-title":"Circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"40","author":"Van Someren","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(88)90289-2","article-title":"Exposure to light in healthy elderly subjects and Alzheimer\u2019s patients","volume":"42","author":"Campbell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1981.03930011004003","article-title":"Lens opacities and senile maculopathy","volume":"99","author":"Sperduto","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00646.x","article-title":"Visual acuity in a population aged 70 years or older; prevalence and causes of visual impairment","volume":"73","author":"Hirvela","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a010105","article-title":"Is age-related maculopathy associated with Alzheimer\u2019s Disease? The Rotterdam Study","volume":"150","author":"Klaver","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198608213150804","article-title":"Optic-nerve degeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"315","author":"Hinton","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260207","article-title":"Abnormal pattern electroretinogram in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: evidence for retinal ganglion cell degeneration?","volume":"26","author":"Katz","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260208","article-title":"Abnormal pattern electroretinograms in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type","volume":"26","author":"Trick","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(96)00009-7","article-title":"Retinal pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. II. Regional neuron loss and glial changes in GCL","volume":"17","author":"Blanks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(96)00010-3","article-title":"Retinal pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. I. Ganglion cell loss in foveal\/parafoveal retina","volume":"17","author":"Blanks","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/sj\/eye\/6700034","article-title":"Severe progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Bayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000047976","article-title":"High occurrence rate of glaucoma among patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"47","author":"Bayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000147473.04043.B3","article-title":"Social resources and cognitive decline in a population of older African Americans and whites","volume":"63","author":"Barnes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.58.3.498","article-title":"Physical activity and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly persons","volume":"58","author":"Laurin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib157","first-page":"23","article-title":"Insomnia in the elderly","volume":"53","author":"Monane","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(93)90140-L","article-title":"Non-pharmacological treatment of sleep and wake disturbances in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: chronobiological perspectives","volume":"57","author":"Van Someren","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(96)90027-2","article-title":"The impact of sedative-hypnotic use on sleep symptoms in elderly nursing home residents","volume":"59","author":"Monane","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38623.768588.47","article-title":"Sedative hypnotics in older people with insomnia: meta-analysis of risks and benefits","volume":"331","author":"Glass","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3303","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.262.23.3303","article-title":"Benzodiazepines of long and short elimination half-life and the risk of hip fracture","volume":"262","author":"Ray","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3928\/0279-3695-19960501-17","article-title":"Sundown syndrome: etiology and management","volume":"34","author":"Burney-Puckett","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib163","first-page":"4","article-title":"Clinical distinctions between long-acting and short-acting benzodiazepines","volume":"53","author":"Mendelson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-200010000-00005","article-title":"Haloperidol disrupts, clozapine reinstates the circadian rest-activity cycle in a patient with early-onset Alzheimer disease","volume":"14","author":"Wirz-Justice","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib165","first-page":"1269","article-title":"Risperidone (Risperdal): increased rate of cerebrovascular events in dementia trials","volume":"167","author":"Wooltorton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cmaj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040539","article-title":"Olanzapine (Zyprexa): increased incidence of cerebrovascular events in dementia trials","volume":"170","author":"Wooltorton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cmaj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib167","unstructured":"FDA. US Food and Drug Administration. Safety data on Zyprexa (olanzapine): hyperglycemia and diabetes. Available at: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medwatch\/SAFETY\/2004\/zyprexa.htm. Accessibility verified September 6, 2005. 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.314.7076.266","article-title":"Do neuroleptic drugs hasten cognitive decline in dementia? Prospective study with necropsy follow up","volume":"314","author":"McShane","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1378","article-title":"Neuroleptics are associated with more severe tangle pathology in dementia with Lewy bodies","volume":"20","author":"Ballard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.050478","article-title":"Increased mortality among elderly patients with dementia using atypical antipsychotics","volume":"173","author":"Singh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cmaj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00071-3","article-title":"Nicotine binding in human striatum: elevation in schizophrenia and reductions in dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease and in relation to neuroleptic medication","volume":"98","author":"Court","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib172","unstructured":"FDA. US Food and Drug Administration. 5 FDA Public Health Advisory: deaths with antipsychotics in elderly patients with behavioral disturbances. Available at: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/cder\/drug\/advisory\/antipsychotics.htm. Accessed April 13, 2005. 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.15.1934","article-title":"Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"294","author":"Schneider","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)91382-3","article-title":"Improvement of sleep quality in elderly people by controlled-release melatonin","volume":"346","author":"Garfinkel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.2.124","article-title":"Sleep-promoting and hypothermic effects of daytime melatonin administration in humans","volume":"20","author":"Hughes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib176","first-page":"52","article-title":"The role of melatonin and circadian phase in age-related sleep-maintenance insomnia: assessment in a clinical trial of melatonin replacement","volume":"21","author":"Hughes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.7.598","article-title":"Melatonin replacement therapy of elderly insomniacs","volume":"18","author":"Haimov","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(96)00754-6","article-title":"Improvement of sleep quality by controlled-release melatonin in benzodiazepine-treated elderly insomniacs","volume":"24","author":"Garfinkel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92509-0","article-title":"Improvement of sleep quality by melatonin","volume":"346","author":"Wurtman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1993.tb06179.x","article-title":"Alleviation of sleep maintenance insomnia with timed exposure to bright light","volume":"41","author":"Campbell","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01477.x","article-title":"Morning bright light therapy for sleep and behavior disorders in elderly patients with dementia","volume":"89","author":"Mishima","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(95)02550-G","article-title":"Effect of bright light treatment on agitated behavior in institutionalized elderly subjects","volume":"57","author":"Lovell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1996.t01-1-00001.x","article-title":"Enhanced performance in elderly subjects following bright light treatment of sleep maintenance insomnia","volume":"5","author":"Murphy","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)89928-3","article-title":"Indirect bright light improves circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances in demented patients","volume":"41","author":"Van Someren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-100101050","article-title":"More than a marker: interaction between the circadian regulation of temperature and sleep, age-related changes, and treatment possibilities","volume":"17","author":"Van Someren","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.277.1.32","article-title":"Moderate-intensity exercise and self-rated quality of sleep in older adults. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"277","author":"King","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200206","article-title":"Long-term fitness training improves the circadian rest-activity rhythm in healthy elderly males","volume":"12","author":"Van Someren","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1998.tb00557.x","article-title":"Melatonin effects on sleep, mood, and cognition in elderly with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"25","author":"Jean-Louis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0109","article-title":"Melatonin in medically ill patients with insomnia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"62","author":"Andrade","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.86.10.4727","article-title":"Melatonin treatment for age-related insomnia","volume":"86","author":"Zhdanova","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1177\/074873098129000354","article-title":"Effect of sustained nocturnal transbuccal melatonin administration on sleep and temperature in elderly insomniacs","volume":"13","author":"Dawson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/32.2.164","article-title":"Does melatonin improve sleep in older people? A randomised crossover trial","volume":"32","author":"Baskett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.1998.tb00396.x","article-title":"Monozygotic twins with Alzheimer\u2019s disease treated with melatonin: Case report","volume":"25","author":"Brusco","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1159\/000014580","article-title":"Effect of melatonin in selected populations of sleep-disturbed patients","volume":"8","author":"Brusco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Signals Recept"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms.70.334","article-title":"Double blind study of melatonin effects on the sleep\u2013wake rhythm, cognitive and non-cognitive functions in Alzheimer type dementia","volume":"70","author":"Asayama","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Nippon Med Sch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000132443.12607.fd","article-title":"Melatonin treatment of day-night rhythm disturbances and sundowning in Alzheimer disease: an open-label pilot study using actigraphy","volume":"24","author":"Mahlberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.7.893","article-title":"A multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of melatonin for sleep disturbance in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"26","author":"Singer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib198","first-page":"39","article-title":"Melatonin treatment stabilizes chronobiologic and cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Brusco","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib199","first-page":"432","article-title":"Cognitive effects of exogenous melatonin administration in elderly persons: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Peck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003802.pub3","article-title":"Melatonin for cognitive impairment","author":"Jansen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.01.003","article-title":"Effects of ramelteon on patient-reported sleep latency in older adults with chronic insomnia","volume":"7","author":"Roth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.09.004","article-title":"An efficacy, safety, and dose\u2013response study of Ramelteon in patients with chronic primary insomnia","volume":"7","author":"Erman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1586\/14737175.6.7.957","article-title":"Ramelteon: a novel treatment for the treatment of insomnia","volume":"6","author":"Wurtman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3109\/07420529808998699","article-title":"Photic entrainment of circadian rhythms in rodents","volume":"15","author":"Rea","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00933-H","article-title":"Increased light intensity prevents the age related loss of vasopressin-expressing neurons in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"693","author":"Lucassen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(02)38080-4","article-title":"Functional plasticity of the circadian timing system in old age: light exposure","volume":"138","author":"Van Someren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-100101055","article-title":"Supplementary administration of artificial bright light and melatonin as potent treatment for disorganized circadian rest-activity and dysfunctional autonomic and neuroendocrine systems in institutionalized demented elderly persons","volume":"17","author":"Mishima","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00255-8","article-title":"Daily rhythm of serum melatonin levels and effect of light exposure in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer\u2019s type","volume":"45","author":"Ohashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1819.1999.00539.x","article-title":"Effects of moderately bright light on subjective evaluations in healthy elderly women","volume":"53","author":"Kohsaka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.478","article-title":"Circadian rhythm disorders in sleep\u2013waking and body temperature in elderly patients with dementia and their treatment","volume":"14","author":"Okawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib211","series-title":"Sleep disorders in elderly patients with dementia and attempts of bright light therapy in senile dementia of Alzheimer\u2019s type and multi-infarct dementia","author":"Okawa","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.8.1028","article-title":"Bright light treatment of behavioral and sleep disturbances in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"149","author":"Satlin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1998.tb01026.x","article-title":"Sleep improvement by light in a demented aged individual","volume":"52","author":"Okumoto","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib214","article-title":"Rest-activity rhythms in aging, Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease","author":"Van Someren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Method DevelopTher Intervent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1166(199907)14:7<520::AID-GPS983>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"A randomized, controlled trial of bright light therapy for agitated behaviors in dementia patients residing in long-term care","volume":"14","author":"Lyketsos","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610205001584","article-title":"Effect of morning bright light treatment for rest-activity disruption in institutionalized patients with severe Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Dowling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1352","article-title":"Effect of timed bright light treatment for rest-activity disruption in institutionalized patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Dowling","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199709000-00011","article-title":"Phototherapy for patients with Alzheimer disease with disturbed sleep patterns: results of a community-based pilot study","volume":"11","author":"Colenda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.15.2015","article-title":"Exercise plus behavioral management in patients with Alzheimer disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"290","author":"Teri","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/089198870201500111","article-title":"Decline in long-term circadian rest-activity cycle organization in a patient with dementia","volume":"15","author":"Werth","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/00002093-199806000-00010","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) improves circadian rhythm disturbances in Alzheimer disease","volume":"12","author":"Van Someren","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(98)00150-8","article-title":"Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) improves the rest-activity rhythm in midstage Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"101","author":"Scherder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.16.1.19","article-title":"Acupuncture increases nocturnal melatonin secretion and reduces insomnia and anxiety: a preliminary report","volume":"16","author":"Spence","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945706006836?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945706006836?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,11]],"date-time":"2021-08-11T20:53:55Z","timestamp":1628715235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945706006836"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]},"references-count":223,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1389945706006836"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,9]]}}}