{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:35:21Z","timestamp":1781138121954,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,19]],"date-time":"2009-07-19T08:26:56Z","timestamp":1247992016000},"page":"829-835","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["The nightly administration of sodium oxybate results in significant reduction in the nocturnal sleep disruption of patients with narcolepsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jed","family":"Black","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl S.","family":"Hornfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Inhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib1","first-page":"320","article-title":"Criteria for the diagnosis of the narcolepsy syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Yoss","year":"1957","journal-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib2","first-page":"479","article-title":"Narcolepsy research: past, present, and future perspectives","volume":"142","author":"Fromherz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Ital Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(63)90032-4","article-title":"Nocturnal sleep of narcoleptics","volume":"15","author":"Rechtschaffen","year":"1963","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.08.010","article-title":"Nocturnal aspects of narcolepsy with cataplexy","volume":"12","author":"Plazzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib5","first-page":"73","article-title":"Twenty-four-hour recording in REM-narcoleptics with special reference to nocturnal sleep disruption","volume":"13","author":"Montplaisir","year":"1978","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib6","first-page":"23","article-title":"Effects of nocturnal gamma-hydroxybutyrate on sleep\/waking patterns in narcolepsy\u2013cataplexy","volume":"7","author":"Broughton","year":"1980","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.1.232","article-title":"Comparative polysomnographic study of narcolepsy and idiopathic central nervous system hypersomnia","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00383-5","article-title":"The reliability of the diagnostic features in patients with narcolepsy","volume":"40","author":"Folkerts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1997.00040.x","article-title":"Circadian distribution of rest\/activity in narcoleptic and control dogs: assessment with ambulatory activity monitoring","volume":"6","author":"Nishino","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(00)00195-4","article-title":"Is narcolepsy a REM sleep disorder? Analysis of sleep abnormalities in narcoleptic Dobermans","volume":"38","author":"Nishino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4469","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5560-03.2004","article-title":"Expression of a poly-glutamine-ataxin-3 transgene in orexin neurons induces narcolepsy-cataplexy in the rat","volume":"24","author":"Beuckmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0400590101","article-title":"Orexin peptides prevent cataplexy and improve wakefulness in an orexin neuron-ablated model of narcolepsy in mice","volume":"101","author":"Mieda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.05.029","article-title":"The development of hypocretin deficiency in ataxin-hypocretin transgenic rats","volume":"148","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200103000-00002","article-title":"Narcolepsy: clinical features, new pathophysiologic insights and future perspectives","volume":"18","author":"Overeem","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-199605060-00003","article-title":"Narcolepsy. Current drug treatment options","volume":"5","author":"Hublin","year":"1996","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.7.590","article-title":"Patterns of sleep and wakefulness in treated narcoleptic subjects","volume":"17","author":"Rogers","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100119304","article-title":"The treatment of narcolepsy\u2013cataplexy with nocturnal gamma-hydroxybutyrate","volume":"6","author":"Broughton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib18","first-page":"222","article-title":"The effects and effectiveness of \u03b3-hydroxybutyrate in patients with narcolepsy","volume":"46","author":"Scharf","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(89)90048-6","article-title":"Efficacy of gamma-hydroxybutyrate versus placebo in treating narcolepsy\u2013cataplexy: double blind subjective measures","volume":"26","author":"Scrima","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/13.6.479","article-title":"The effects of \u03b3-hydroxybutyrate on the sleep of narcolepsy patients: a double-blind study","volume":"13","author":"Scrima","year":"1990","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.3.216","article-title":"Gamma-hydroxybutyrate and narcolepsy: a double-blind placebo-controlled study","volume":"16","author":"Lammers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib22","unstructured":"US Xyrem\u00ae Multicenter Study Group. A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial comparing the effects of three doses of orally administered sodium oxybate with placebo for the treatment of narcolepsy. Sleep 2002;25:42\u20139."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib23","unstructured":"US Xyrem\u00ae Multicenter Study Group. A 12-month, open-label, multi-center extension trial of orally administered sodium oxybate for the treatment of narcolepsy. Sleep, 2003;26:31\u20135."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"US Xyrem\u00ae Multicenter Study Group. Sodium oxybate demonstrates long-term efficacy for the treatment of cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy. Sleep Med 2004;5:119\u201323.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2003.11.002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xyrem\u00ae International Study Group. Further evidence supporting the use of sodium oxybate for the treatment of cataplexy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 228 patients. Sleep Med 2005;6:415\u201321.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.03.010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xyrem\u00ae International Study Group. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, study demonstrates the nightly administration of sodium oxybate significantly improves excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy patients taking concurrent stimulant medications. J Clin Sleep Med 2005;1:391\u20137.","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26368"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.7.939","article-title":"Sodium oxybate improves excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy","volume":"29","author":"Black","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib28","unstructured":"International classification of sleep disorder. 2nd ed. Diagnostic and coding manual. Rochester, MN: American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib29","first-page":"273","article-title":"The effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate on sleep","volume":"12","author":"Mamelak","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib30","unstructured":"Black J, Pardi D, Hornfeldt C, Inhaber N. The nightly use of sodium oxybate is associated with significant improvements in nocturnal sleep: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with narcolepsy. Unpublished manuscript."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.12.1712","article-title":"Treatment of narcolepsy and other hypersomnias of central origin","volume":"30","author":"Wise","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.03.004","article-title":"Therapeutic advances in narcolepsy","volume":"8","author":"Thorpy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945709002238?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945709002238?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T20:20:03Z","timestamp":1590006003000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945709002238"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S1389945709002238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}