{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:12:07Z","timestamp":1789708327884,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":181,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,10]],"date-time":"2018-04-10T12:33:39Z","timestamp":1523363619000},"page":"181-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"special_numbering":"C","title":["NREM parasomnias: a treatment approach based upon a retrospective case series of 512 patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8298-7878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagis","family":"Drakatos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Marples","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rexford","family":"Muza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Gildeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raluca","family":"Macavei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eptehal M.","family":"Dongol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Nesbitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Rosenzweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grainne","family":"d'Ancona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg","family":"Steier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Leschziner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib1","unstructured":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders 3rd ed. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Darien."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182563be5","article-title":"Prevalence and comorbidity of nocturnal wandering in the U.S. adult general population","volume":"78","author":"Ohayon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2012.00548.x","article-title":"Spectrum of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (overlap between rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and other parasomnias)","volume":"11","author":"Schenck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2006.06.003","article-title":"Factors that predispose, prime and precipitate NREM parasomnias in adults: clinical and forensic implications","volume":"11","author":"Pressman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5692","article-title":"Not only sleepwalking but NREM parasomnia irrespective of the type is associated with HLA DQB1*05:01","volume":"12","author":"Heidbreder","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318203e964","article-title":"Novel genetic findings in an extended family pedigree with sleepwalking","volume":"76","author":"Licis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-200106000-00002","article-title":"Parasomnias: co-occurrence and genetics","volume":"11","author":"Hublin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatr Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001203","article-title":"HLA and genetic susceptibility to sleepwalking","volume":"8","author":"Lecendreux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib9","first-page":"385","article-title":"The utility of polysomnography for the diagnosis of NREM parasomnias: an observational study over 4 years of clinical practice","volume":"262","author":"Fois","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.2165\/0023210-200822120-00005","article-title":"Hypnosedative-induced complex behaviours: incidence, mechanisms and management","volume":"22","author":"Dolder","year":"2008","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2007.07.005","article-title":"Zolpidem, somnambulism, and nocturnal eating","volume":"30","author":"Sansone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh481","article-title":"Adult chronic sleepwalking and its treatment based on polysomnography","volume":"128","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2036","article-title":"Restless nocturnal eating: a common feature of Willis-Ekbom Syndrome (RLS)","volume":"8","author":"Howell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0143-8","article-title":"Parasomnias: an updated review","volume":"9","author":"Howell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.24.2851","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy vs zopiclone for treatment of chronic primary insomnia in older adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"295","author":"Sivertsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.11.017","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical approach to circadian rhythm sleep disorders","volume":"8","author":"Barion","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-012-9476-1","article-title":"The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses","volume":"36","author":"Hofmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.8081","article-title":"Mindfulness meditation and improvement in sleep quality and daytime impairment among older adults with sleep disturbances: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"175","author":"Black","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2007.08.003","article-title":"The effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on sleep disturbance: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Winbush","year":"2007","journal-title":"Explore (NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26858","article-title":"The treatment of parasomnias with hypnosis: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"3","author":"Hauri","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83433-X","article-title":"Treatment of somnambulism with anticipatory awakening","volume":"122","author":"Tobin","year":"1993","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.09.003","article-title":"Treatments for somnambulism in adults: assessing the evidence","volume":"13","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001019","article-title":"Objective daytime sleepiness in patients with somnambulism or sleep terrors","volume":"83","author":"Lopez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2011.00071","article-title":"Parasomnias and antidepressant therapy: a review of the literature","volume":"2","author":"Kierlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27716","article-title":"Pharmacologically induced\/exacerbated restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movements of sleep, and REM behavior disorder\/REM sleep without atonia: literature review, qualitative scoring, and comparative analysis","volume":"6","author":"Hoque","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)89493-4","article-title":"Long-term, nightly benzodiazepine treatment of injurious parasomnias and other disorders of disrupted nocturnal sleep in 170 adults","volume":"100","author":"Schenck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.9.1166","article-title":"A\u00a0polysomnographic and clinical report on sleep-related injury in 100 adult patients","volume":"146","author":"Schenck","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27717","article-title":"Best practice guide for the treatment of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)","volume":"6","author":"Aurora","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb01003.x","article-title":"'A child with severe night terrors and sleep-walking responds to melatonin therapy'","volume":"46","author":"Jan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4727","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.10.7901","article-title":"Melatonin treatment for age-related insomnia","volume":"86","author":"Zhdanova","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib31","series-title":"The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Rules, terminology and technical specifications, scoring manual 2.0.2","author":"Berry","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.1.113","article-title":"Practice parameters for clinical use of the multiple sleep latency test and the maintenance of wakefulness test","volume":"28","author":"Littner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.10.015","article-title":"Clinicopathologic correlations in 172 cases of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder with or without a coexisting neurologic disorder","volume":"14","author":"Boeve","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2147\/nedt.2007.3.1.145","article-title":"Prodromal non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease","volume":"3","author":"Pellicano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.11.972","article-title":"A\u00a0parasomnia overlap disorder involving sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and REM sleep behavior disorder in 33 polysomnographically confirmed cases","volume":"20","author":"Schenck","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199104000-00009","article-title":"A\u00a0retrospective outcome study and review of hypnosis as treatment of adults with sleepwalking and sleep terror","volume":"179","author":"Hurwitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.5.749","article-title":"Somnambulism in adults","volume":"40","author":"Kavey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200825010-00007","article-title":"Benzodiazepines and injurious falls in community dwelling elders","volume":"25","author":"Pariente","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01344-2017","article-title":"Role of common hypnotics on the phenotypic causes of obstructive sleep apnoea: paradoxical effects of zolpidem","volume":"50","author":"Carberry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1177\/074873049701200618","article-title":"Melatonin and the circadian regulation of sleep initiation, consolidation, structure, and the sleep EEG","volume":"12","author":"Dijk","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Rhythms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11818-008-0336-x","article-title":"Development and validation of the Munich parasomnia screening (MUPS)","volume":"12","author":"Fulda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Somnologie"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.07.001","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000}}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945718300996?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945718300996?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T15:13:19Z","timestamp":1761405199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945718300996"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S1389945718300996"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"NREM parasomnias: a treatment approach based upon a retrospective case series of 512 patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}