{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:36:17Z","timestamp":1789799777368,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012553","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001868","name":"National Science Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001868","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,4]],"date-time":"2020-06-04T11:53:35Z","timestamp":1591271615000},"page":"135-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Alterations in sympathetic and parasympathetic brain networks in obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Wei-Che","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tun-Wei","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Hsien","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00468","article-title":"Enhanced carotid body chemosensory activity and the cardiovascular alterations induced by intermittent hypoxia","volume":"5","author":"Iturriaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2008","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sleep apnea","volume":"90","author":"Dempsey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib3","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk","volume":"3","author":"Dorasamy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Therapeut Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.44.12.984","article-title":"Sleep apnoea and systemic hypertension","volume":"44","author":"Stradling","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.05.030","article-title":"Neurobehavioral and autonomic alterations in adults with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"15","author":"Idiaquez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10503","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1103-13.2013","article-title":"The autonomic brain: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis for central processing of autonomic function","volume":"33","author":"Beissner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.25.032502.111311","article-title":"The central autonomic nervous system: conscious visceral perception and autonomic pattern generation","volume":"25","author":"Saper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62272-1","article-title":"The central autonomic network: functional organization, dysfunction, and perspective","volume":"68","author":"Benarroch","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(97)00056-7","article-title":"Cortical modulation of the cardiovascular system","volume":"54","author":"Verberne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2010.09.005","article-title":"Dissecting axes of autonomic control in humans: insights from neuroimaging","volume":"161","author":"Critchley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/118.1.279","article-title":"Contributions of anterior cingulate cortex to behaviour","volume":"118","author":"Devinsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.050","article-title":"Representation of somatosensory inputs within the cortical autonomic network","volume":"54","author":"Goswami","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1492(199706\/08)10:4\/5<165::AID-NBM454>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Simultaneous assessment of flow and BOLD signals in resting-state functional connectivity maps","volume":"10","author":"Biswal","year":"1997","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22250","article-title":"An independent components and functional connectivity analysis of resting state fMRI data points to neural network dysregulation in adult ADHD","volume":"35","author":"Hoekzema","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.143","article-title":"Reestablishing brain networks in patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy after liver transplantation","volume":"34","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Cerebr Blood Flow Metabol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.5.667","article-title":"Sleep-related breathing disorders in adults: recommendations for syndrome definition and measurement techniques in clinical research","volume":"22","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib17","first-page":"277","article-title":"Factors associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in obstructive sleep apnea\/hypopnea syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Tan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.4.499","article-title":"Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005","volume":"28","author":"Kushida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib19","series-title":"A\u00a0manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects","author":"Kales","year":"1968"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib20","first-page":"1539","article-title":"New physical testing methods of investigation of autonomic nervous system reactions","volume":"97","author":"Hauswirth","year":"1955","journal-title":"Munch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib21","first-page":"13","article-title":"DPARSF: a MATLAB toolbox for\" pipeline\" data analysis of resting-state fMRI","volume":"4","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1048","article-title":"A\u00a0method for making group inferences from functional MRI data using independent component analysis","volume":"14","author":"Calhoun","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1995.7.6.1129","article-title":"An information-maximization approach to blind separation and blind deconvolution","volume":"7","author":"Bell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20478","article-title":"Brain network dynamics during error commission","volume":"30","author":"Stevens","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr099","article-title":"Decoding subject-driven cognitive states with whole-brain connectivity patterns","volume":"22","author":"Shirer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cerebr Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-201X.2003.01091.x","article-title":"Sympathetic nerve activity in obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"177","author":"Narkiewicz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.11.1071","article-title":"Altered cardiovascular variability in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"98","author":"Narkiewicz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.08.627","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and heart failure: pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications","volume":"57","author":"Kasai","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1440.011","article-title":"The brain's default network: anatomy, function, and relevance to disease","volume":"1124","author":"Buckner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00675.2015","article-title":"Association between resting-state brain functional connectivity and muscle sympathetic burst incidence","volume":"115","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12569","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800005105","article-title":"A\u00a0critical role for the right fronto-insular cortex in switching between central-executive and default-mode networks","volume":"105","author":"Sridharan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20749","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of autonomic, affective, and cognitive integration","volume":"493","author":"Critchley","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/10.3.206","article-title":"The organization of networks within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex of rats, monkeys and humans","volume":"10","author":"Ongur","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cerebr Cortex"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(03)00197-9","article-title":"Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex during working memory","volume":"7","author":"Curtis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.07.050","article-title":"Dissociating response selection and conflict in the medial frontal surface","volume":"29","author":"Lau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2004.09.016","article-title":"Neurocognitive mechanisms of cognitive control: the role of prefrontal cortex in action selection, response inhibition, performance monitoring, and reward-based learning","volume":"56","author":"Ridderinkhof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain Cognit"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0135058100","article-title":"Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis","volume":"100","author":"Greicius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-010-0262-0","article-title":"Saliency, switching, attention and control: a network model of insula function","volume":"214","author":"Menon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0193879","article-title":"Cardiac parasympathetic index identifies subjects with adult obstructive sleep apnea: a simultaneous polysomnographic-heart rate variability study","volume":"13","author":"Salsone","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12893","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12893","article-title":"Usefulness of cardiac parasympathetic index in CPAP-treated patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a preliminary study","volume":"29","author":"Salsone","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sleep Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.01.019","article-title":"Activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex covaries with sympathetic skin conductance level: a physiological account of a \"default mode\" of brain function","volume":"22","author":"Nagai","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2008.01.011","article-title":"Acupuncture modulates resting state connectivity in default and sensorimotor brain networks","volume":"136","author":"Dhond","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12006","article-title":"Altered cortical and subcortical local coherence in obstructive sleep apnea: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"22","author":"Santarnecchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sleep Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2620","article-title":"Altered resting-state brain activity in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"36","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038_bib45","first-page":"1819","article-title":"Altered intrinsic regional brain activity in male patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Dis Treat"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945720302483?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945720302483?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T15:23:32Z","timestamp":1761405812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945720302483"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1389945720302483"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Alterations in sympathetic and parasympathetic brain networks in obstructive sleep apnea","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.05.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}