{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T13:29:22Z","timestamp":1779110962420,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,3]],"date-time":"2021-07-03T11:19:46Z","timestamp":1625311186000},"page":"75-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Validation of breath biomarkers for obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4397-1408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora","family":"Nowak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Engler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0134-8514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sira","family":"Thiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna S.","family":"St\u00f6berl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5602-2880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Sinues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5211-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Zenobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malcolm","family":"Kohler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09464-3","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"360","author":"Malhotra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15015","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.15","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"1","author":"L\u00e9vy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2017.1338950","article-title":"Exhaled breath analysis in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"11","author":"Schwarz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expet Rev Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27662","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of motor vehicle crash: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Tregear","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71141-7","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study","volume":"365","author":"Marin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1829","article-title":"Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study","volume":"283","author":"Nieto","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.13-0273","article-title":"Novel and emerging nonpositive airway pressure therapies for sleep apnea","volume":"144","author":"Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-119MG","article-title":"Adherence to continuous positive airway pressure therapy: the challenge to effective treatment","volume":"5","author":"Weaver","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.159.4.9807111","article-title":"Long-term use of CPAP therapy for sleep apnea\/hypopnea syndrome","volume":"159","author":"McArdle","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.4.499","article-title":"Practice parameters for the indications for polysomnography and related procedures: an update for 2005","volume":"28","author":"Kushida","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-118MG","article-title":"Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea in adults","volume":"5","author":"McNicholas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-214544","article-title":"Night-to-night variability of respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Roeder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172","article-title":"Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Deliberations of the sleep apnea definitions task force of the American Academy of sleep medicine","volume":"8","author":"Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31816d83e4","article-title":"STOP questionnaire","volume":"108","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00002","article-title":"Using the Berlin questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"131","author":"Netzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(16)30075-3","article-title":"The NoSAS score for screening of sleep-disordered breathing: a derivation and validation study","volume":"4","author":"Marti-Soler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib17","article-title":"A\u00a0review of the volatiles from the healthy human body","volume":"8","author":"de Lacy Costello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Breath Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo5010003","article-title":"Breath analysis as a potential and non-invasive frontier in disease diagnosis: an overview","volume":"5","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00091712","article-title":"Detection of obstructive sleep apnoea by an electronic nose","volume":"42","author":"Greulich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.04.025","article-title":"Exhaled biomarker pattern is altered in children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"77","author":"Benedek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib21","article-title":"An electronic nose in the discrimination of obese patients with and without obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"9","author":"Dragonieri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Breath Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-014-1003-z","article-title":"Evening and morning exhaled volatile compound patterns are different in obstructive sleep apnoea assessed with electronic nose","volume":"19","author":"Kunos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207597","article-title":"Effects of CPAP therapy withdrawal on exhaled breath pattern in obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"71","author":"Schwarz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2018.12.023","article-title":"Real-time breath analysis reveals specific metabolic signatures of COPD exacerbations","volume":"156","author":"Gaugg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9868.00346","article-title":"A\u00a0direct approach to false discovery rates","volume":"64","author":"Storey","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0R Stat Soc Ser B (Statistical Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","article-title":"Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical Bayes methods","volume":"8","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6919","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b01509","article-title":"Real-time high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry identifies furan derivatives in exhaled breath","volume":"87","author":"Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1021\/ac504796p","article-title":"Identification of 2-alkenals, 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals, and 4-hydroxy-2,6-alkadienals in exhaled breath condensate by UHPLC-HRMS and in breath by real-time HRMS","volume":"87","author":"Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12519","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03809","article-title":"Detection and quantification of benzothiazoles in exhaled breath and exhaled breath condensate by real-time secondary electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography","volume":"49","author":"Garc\u00eda-G\u00f3mez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.09.073","article-title":"Numerical modeling and experimental validation of a universal secondary electrospray ionization source for mass spectrometric gas analysis in real-time","volume":"223","author":"Barrios-Collado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sensor Actuator B Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.335","article-title":"Procedures for large-scale metabolic profiling of serum and plasma using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry","volume":"6","author":"Dunn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2019.1158","article-title":"Accuracy and methodologic challenges of volatile organic compound-based exhaled breath tests for cancer diagnosis","volume":"5","author":"Hanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-11-3351-2018","article-title":"Dynamic-gravimetric preparation of metrologically traceable primary calibration standards for halogenated greenhouse gases","volume":"11","author":"Guillevic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos Meas Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-29727-6","article-title":"Metabolomic and lipidomic profile in men with obstructive sleep apnoea: implications for diagnosis and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk","volume":"8","author":"Lebkuchen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49940-1","article-title":"Circulating microRNA profile as a potential biomarker for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Santamaria-Martos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2165\/00151829-200504030-00003","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of COPD: implications for therapy","volume":"4","author":"Rahman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Treat Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib37","first-page":"27","article-title":"Oxidative stress markers and severity of obstructive sleep apnea BT - pulmonology","author":"Cofta","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2008.08.003","article-title":"Oxidative stress-A unifying paradigm in obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidities","volume":"51","author":"Lavie","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00184314","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia alters gut microbiota diversity in a mouse model of sleep apnoea","volume":"45","author":"Moreno-Indias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945721003750?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945721003750?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T15:31:49Z","timestamp":1761406309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945721003750"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S1389945721003750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.03.16.21253612","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Validation of breath biomarkers for obstructive sleep apnea","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}