{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:01:39Z","timestamp":1793271699978,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,23]],"date-time":"2022-05-23T12:48:54Z","timestamp":1653310134000},"page":"1-9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nocturnal hypoxemia and central apneas increase mortality, but not recurrent ischemic events after ischemic stroke"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5566-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaana K.","family":"Huhtakangas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarja","family":"Saaresranta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"V\u00e4h\u00e4nikkil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha","family":"Huhtakangas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27760","article-title":"Frequency of sleep apnea in stroke and TIA patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000208215.49243.c3","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and acute ischemic stroke: diagnosis, risk factors, treatment, evolution, and long-term clinical outcome","volume":"37","author":"Bassetti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib3","first-page":"41","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing among patients with first-ever stroke","volume":"247","author":"Wessendorf","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00766-5","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and stroke","volume":"3","author":"Yaggi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib5","first-page":"720","article-title":"Association of obstructive sleep apnea with risk of serious cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Loke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation: Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2013.04.026","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"229","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.230","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"172","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-1512","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and stroke","volume":"136","author":"Dyken","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61622-0","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and its cardiovascular consequences","volume":"373","author":"Bradley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib10","article-title":"Fibrinolytic activity and platelet function in subjects with obstructive sleep apnoea and a patent foramen ovale: is there an option for prevention of ischaemic stroke?","volume":"2012","author":"Reggiani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stroke Res Treat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib11","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.9.2080","article-title":"Five-year survival after first-ever stroke and related prognostic factors in the Perth Community Stroke Study","volume":"31","author":"Hankey","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00061503","article-title":"Sleep-related breathing disorders: impact on mortality of cerebrovascular disease","volume":"24","author":"Parra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.70","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for death in patients with stroke: a 10-year follow-up","volume":"168","author":"Sahlin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200808-1341OC","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduces mortality in patients with ischemic stroke and obstructive sleep apnea: a 5-year follow-up study","volume":"180","author":"Martinez-Garcia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: a report from the American heart association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib17","first-page":"e29","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association","volume":"131","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e409","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.113.10.e409","volume":"113","author":"Sacco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.602615","article-title":"Risk and cumulative risk of stroke recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Mohan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib20","article-title":"Long-term risk of myocardial infarction compared to recurrent stroke after transient ischemic attack and ischemic stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Boulanger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13093","article-title":"Recurrent ischemic stroke: incidence, predictors, and impact on mortality","volume":"140","author":"Khanevski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib22","first-page":"615","article-title":"Sleep disorderd breathing and recurrence of cerebrovascular events, case-fatality, and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack","volume":"59","author":"Rola","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Physiol Pharmacol : Off. J.Polish.Physiol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A\u00a0new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.5.604","article-title":"Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients","volume":"19","author":"van Swieten","year":"1988","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520420080026","article-title":"Interrater reliability of the NIH stroke scale","volume":"46","author":"Goldstein","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01405862","article-title":"Assessment and prognosis of coma after head injury","volume":"34","author":"Teasdale","year":"1976","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172","article-title":"Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events","volume":"8","author":"Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.08.018","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep apnea at the acute phase of ischemic stroke with or without thrombolysis","volume":"40","author":"Huhtakangas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7524","article-title":"The evolution of sleep apnea six months after acute ischemic stroke and thrombolysis","volume":"14","author":"Huhtakangas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.2.252","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and poor functional outcome after stroke","volume":"27","author":"Good","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2003.005348","article-title":"Effect of upper airway obstruction in acute stroke on functional outcome at 6 months","volume":"59","author":"Turkington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1159\/000090528","article-title":"Hypoxaemia in acute stroke is frequent and worsens outcome","volume":"21","author":"Rowat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(00)00378-6","article-title":"Continuous pulse oximetry in acute hemiparetic stroke","volume":"179","author":"Sulter","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib34","first-page":"1687","article-title":"Central periodic breathing during sleep in 74 patients with acute ischemic stroke - neurogenic and cardiogenic factors","volume":"255","author":"Siccoli","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib35","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a decade-long historical cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Kenzerska","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.011749","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea in acute stroke: a role for systemic inflammation","volume":"47","author":"Ifergane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000072346.56728.E4","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease","volume":"108","author":"Wolk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5520","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing and risk of stroke in older community-dwelling men","volume":"39","author":"Stone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.2.9903139","article-title":"Time course of sleep-related breathing disorders in first-ever stroke or transient ischemic attack","volume":"161","author":"Parra","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.023807","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with recurrent ischemic stroke","volume":"50","author":"Brown","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg106","article-title":"Cholesterol, coronary heart disease, and stroke in the Asia Pacific region","volume":"32","author":"Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000080534.98416.A0","article-title":"Cause-specific mortality after first cerebral infarction: a population-based study","volume":"34","author":"Vernino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17062013","article-title":"Intracranial vertebrobasilar calcification in patients with ischemic stroke is a predictor of recurrent stroke, vascular disease, and death: a case-control study","volume":"17","author":"Magdi\u010d","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.44.4.626","article-title":"Predictors of mortality and recurrence after hospitalized cerebral infarction in an urban community: the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study","volume":"44","author":"Sacco","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1995.00540270038017","article-title":"Prediction of long-term outcome in the early hours following acute ischemic stroke. Italian Acute Stroke Study Group","volume":"52","author":"Fiorelli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.8.1893","article-title":"Comparison of risk factors for stroke incidence and stroke mortality in 20 years of follow-up in men and women in the Renfrew\/Paisley Study in Scotland","volume":"31","author":"Hart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.3.401","article-title":"Investigating the relationship between stroke and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"27","author":"Dyken","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00011311","article-title":"Increased incidence of nonfatal cardiovascular events in stroke patients with sleep apnoea: effect of CPAP treatment","volume":"39","author":"Martinez-Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12740","article-title":"Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on neurological recovery after ischemic stroke: a prospective study","volume":"136","author":"Menon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib50","first-page":"1394","article-title":"Increased prevalence of sleep apnea in patients with recurring ischemic stroke compared with first stroke victims","volume":"252","author":"Dziewas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.5239","article-title":"Polyvascular disease and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in peripheral artery disease: a secondary analysis of the EUCLID trial","volume":"1","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.297.11.1197","article-title":"One-year cardiovascular event rates in outpatients with atherothrombosis","volume":"297","author":"Steg","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.706991","article-title":"Associations between polyvascular disease and stroke recurrence in patients with lacunar stroke","volume":"12","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00034410","article-title":"Early treatment of obstructive apnoea and stroke outcome: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"37","author":"Parra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202178","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure improves sleepiness but not calculated vascular risk in patients with minimally symptomatic obstructive sleep apnoea: the MOSAIC randomised controlled trial","volume":"67","author":"Craig","year":"2012","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606599","article-title":"CPAP for prevention of cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"375","author":"McEvoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12181","article-title":"Efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on 5-year survival in patients with ischaemic stroke and obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"24","author":"Parra","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sleep Res"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945722001976?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945722001976?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T15:37:10Z","timestamp":1761406630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945722001976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S1389945722001976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nocturnal hypoxemia and central apneas increase mortality, but not recurrent ischemic events after ischemic stroke","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.05.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}