{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:26:59Z","timestamp":1792520819832,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,20]],"date-time":"2023-10-20T03:46:56Z","timestamp":1697773616000},"page":"181-187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ketogenic diet may improve sleep quality and daytime somnolence in patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Results of an exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Merlino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Garbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Dal Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Del Negro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Lamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bernardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Lorenzut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mar\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tereshko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Luigi","family":"Gigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariarosaria","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi8375","article-title":"The interconnected causes and consequences of sleep in the brain","volume":"374","author":"Lewis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14216","article-title":"Metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of shift work: the role of circadian disruption and sleep disturbances","volume":"51","author":"Kervezee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.01.010","article-title":"Sleep-related disorders and their relationship with MRI findings in multiple sclerosis","volume":"56","author":"Foschi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.07.005","article-title":"Sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"Brass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.11.004","article-title":"Prevalence of 'poor sleep' among patients with multiple sclerosis: an independent predictor of mental and physical status","volume":"10","author":"Merlino","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329074","article-title":"Phase II study of ketogenic diets in relapsing multiple sclerosis: safety, tolerability and potential clinical benefits","volume":"93","author":"Brenton","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.05.006","article-title":"Sleep of migraine patients is ameliorated by ketogenic diet, independently of pain control","volume":"107","author":"Merlino","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30470-2","article-title":"Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria","volume":"17","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.15-0903","article-title":"STOP-Bang Questionnaire: a practical approach to screen for obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"149","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(03)00010-8","volume":"4","author":"Allen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib11","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5\u2122","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1444","article-title":"Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS)","volume":"33","author":"Kurtzke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2015.04.005","article-title":"The Italian version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21: factor structure and psychometric properties on community and clinical samples","volume":"60","author":"Bottesi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)00075-U","article-title":"The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories","volume":"33","author":"Lovibond","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.2.158","article-title":"Validation of Italian multiple sclerosis quality of life 54 questionnaire","volume":"67","author":"Solari","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib16","series-title":"SF-36 health survey manual and interpretation guide","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02260859","article-title":"A health-related quality of life measure for multiple sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Vickrey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-012-1085-y","article-title":"Validity of the Italian version of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)","volume":"34","author":"Curcio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s100720300004","article-title":"GINSEN (gruppo italiano narcolessia studio epidemiologico nazionale). Italian version of the Epworth sleepiness scale: external validity","volume":"23","author":"Vignatelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510393772","article-title":"Fatigue in multiple sclerosis is closely related to sleep disorders: a polysomnographic cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Veauthier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108379","article-title":"Role of diet in regulating the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis","volume":"235","author":"Sanchez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.05.009","article-title":"A diet mimicking fasting promotes regeneration and reduces autoimmunity and multiple sclerosis symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Choi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib24","article-title":"Inflammation-mediated memory dysfunction and effects of a ketogenic diet in a murine model of multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2020.1734988","article-title":"A modified MCT-based ketogenic diet increases plasma \u03b2-hydroxybutyrate but has less effect on fatigue and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis compared to a modified paleolithic diet: a waitlist-controlled, randomized pilot study","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59e65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2006.00834.x","article-title":"Ketogenic diet improves sleep quality in children with therapy-resistant epilepsy","volume":"48","author":"Hallbook","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182Se4S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/56.1.182S","article-title":"Effect of very-low-calorie diets with weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"56","author":"Suratt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d3017","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3017","article-title":"Longer term effects of very low energy diet on obstructive sleep apnoea in cohort derived from randomised controlled trial: prospective observational follow-up study","volume":"342","author":"Johansson","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10101348","article-title":"Effect of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet on food and alcohol cravings, physical and sexual activity, sleep disturbances, and quality of life in obese patients","volume":"10","author":"Castro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285e95","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2021.1993154","article-title":"Is there a relationship between the ketogenic diet and sleep disorders?","volume":"73","author":"Barrea","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087e187","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00032.2011","article-title":"Control of sleep and wakefulness","volume":"92","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7777","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21207777","article-title":"Neurotrophic factor BDNF, physiological functions and therapeutic potential in depression, neurodegeneration and brain cancer","volume":"21","author":"Colucci-D'Amato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e357","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201371","article-title":"Efficacy of diet on fatigue and quality of life in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"100","author":"Snetselaar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945723003945?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945723003945?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T15:44:55Z","timestamp":1761407095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945723003945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S1389945723003945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ketogenic diet may improve sleep quality and daytime somnolence in patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Results of an exploratory study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}