{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:33:28Z","timestamp":1792802008792,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL166617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL166617"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T11:42:51Z","timestamp":1747050171000},"page":"106566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The cardiovascular consequences of chronic sleep fragmentation: Evidence from experimental models of obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7073-741X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Badran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6178-6727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clementine","family":"Puech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8195-6036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Gozal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031914-122838","article-title":"Sleep as a potential fundamental contributor to disparities in cardiovascular health","volume":"36","author":"Jackson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Publ Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9476","article-title":"Sleep is essential to health: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine position statement","volume":"17","author":"Ramar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib3","article-title":"Sleep disorders in patients with craniopharyngioma: a physiopathological and practical update","volume":"12","author":"Romigi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2174\/157340310790231635","article-title":"Sleep duration as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease- a review of the recent literature","volume":"6","author":"Nagai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib5","article-title":"Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep","volume":"355","author":"Kecklund","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.01.011","article-title":"Insomnia as a predictor of depression: a meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies","volume":"135","author":"Baglioni","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2802","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation and the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease and cognitive decline in older persons","volume":"36","author":"Lim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00811.2019","article-title":"Increased sympathetic responses induced by chronic obstructive sleep apnea are caused by sleep fragmentation","volume":"129","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6202","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33013-5","article-title":"Effects of sleep fragmentation and partial sleep restriction on heart rate variability during night","volume":"13","author":"Schlagintweit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4178","article-title":"Chronic sleep fragmentation induces endothelial dysfunction and structural vascular changes in mice","volume":"37","author":"Carreras","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2024.02.059","article-title":"Interactions of obstructive sleep apnea with the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, Part 1: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"84","author":"Javaheri","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000988","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"144","author":"Yeghiazarians","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5553","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284166","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced cardiovascular and renal dysfunction: from adaptation to maladaptation","volume":"601","author":"Arnaud","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.01.009","article-title":"Insights into obstructive sleep apnea research","volume":"15","author":"Badran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20616","article-title":"Chronic sleep fragmentation promotes obesity in young adult mice","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4196\/kjpp.2022.26.5.297","article-title":"Effects of sleep deprivation on coronary heart disease","volume":"26","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"KOREAN J PHYSIOL PHARMACOL"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7684","article-title":"Sleep disturbances in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Madsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad057","article-title":"Solriamfetol improves chronic sleep fragmentation-induced increases in sleep propensity and ameliorates explicit memory in male mice","volume":"46","author":"Puech","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbres.2023.09.007","article-title":"Recovery mimicking \"ideal\" CPAP adherence does not improve wakefulness or cognition in chronic murine models of OSA: effect of wake-promoting agents","volume":"59","author":"Badran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.301","article-title":"Validation of volume-pressure recording tail-cuff blood pressure measurements","volume":"21","author":"Feng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202306-1101OC","article-title":"Senolytic-facilitated reversal of end-organ dysfunction in a murine model of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"209","author":"Badran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glv143","article-title":"Left atrial volume and pulmonary artery diameter are noninvasive measures of age-related diastolic dysfunction in mice","volume":"71","author":"Medrano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs275","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deletion attenuates myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in ageing mice","volume":"96","author":"Chiao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2014.07.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial quality control and age-associated arterial stiffening","volume":"58","author":"LaRocca","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac131","article-title":"Temporal changes in coronary artery function and flow velocity reserve in mice exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia","volume":"45","author":"Badran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00002-2022","article-title":"Gut microbiota mediate vascular dysfunction in a murine model of sleep apnoea: effect of probiotics","volume":"61","author":"Badran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208786549335","article-title":"Neurobiology of sleep fragmentation: cortical and autonomic markers of sleep disorders","volume":"14","author":"Janackova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14032","article-title":"Insomnia and REM sleep instability","volume":"32","author":"Feige","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"9 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.suppl_9.S61","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"19","author":"Kimoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-011-1055-x","article-title":"Mechanisms of sleep-disordered breathing: causes and consequences","volume":"463","author":"Leung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-005-0002-5","article-title":"Effect of CPAP treatment on inspiratory arousal threshold during NREM sleep in OSAS","volume":"9","author":"Haba-Rubio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2559","DOI":"10.1113\/JP281305","article-title":"Chemoreceptor mechanisms regulating CO(2) -induced arousal from sleep","volume":"599","author":"Abbott","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5571","DOI":"10.1113\/JP284551","article-title":"Rethinking O(2), CO(2) and breathing during wakefulness and sleep","volume":"602","author":"Dempsey","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1587-24.2024","article-title":"Interactions between arousal state and CO(2) determine the activity of central chemoreceptor neurons that drive breathing","volume":"45","author":"Souza","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.3.9610060","article-title":"Ventilatory and arousal responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in a canine model of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"156","author":"Kimoff","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.5.9154865","article-title":"Effect of obstructive sleep apnea versus sleep fragmentation on responses to airway occlusion","volume":"155","author":"Brooks","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119120","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea as a cause of systemic hypertension. Evidence from a canine model","volume":"99","author":"Brooks","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1995.79.1.151","article-title":"Immediate effects of arousal from sleep on cardiac autonomic outflow in the absence of breathing in dogs","volume":"79","author":"Horner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-015-1501-6","article-title":"Cognitive deficits in adults with obstructive sleep apnea compared to children and adolescents","volume":"124","author":"Krysta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202006-696FR","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnea. Mechanisms and clinical management","volume":"18","author":"Lal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00043.2008","article-title":"Pathophysiology of sleep apnea","volume":"90","author":"Dempsey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib42","article-title":"Improvements in cognitive function and quantitative sleep electroencephalogram in obstructive sleep apnea after six months of continuous positive airway pressure treatment","volume":"45","author":"D'Rozario","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.1.111","article-title":"The effect of CPAP in normalizing daytime sleepiness, quality of life, and neurocognitive function in patients with moderate to severe OSA","volume":"34","author":"Antic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30271-1","article-title":"Effect of obstructive sleep apnoea and its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure on the prevalence of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ISAACC study): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Sanchez-de-la-Torre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606599","article-title":"CPAP for prevention of cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"375","author":"McEvoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008552","article-title":"Self-reported sleep duration and quality and cardiovascular disease and mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Kwok","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027361","article-title":"Sleep irregularity and subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Full","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2024.10.002","article-title":"The connection between sleep deficiency and coronary artery disease: complexities and controversies","volume":"87","author":"Ujjawal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2006","article-title":"Association between polysomnographic measures of disrupted sleep and prothrombotic factors","volume":"131","author":"von Kanel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.07.004","article-title":"Sleep, sleep deprivation, autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"74","author":"Tobaldini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy333","article-title":"Crucial role for Nox 2 and sleep deprivation in aircraft noise-induced vascular and cerebral oxidative stress, inflammation, and gene regulation","volume":"39","author":"Kroller-Schon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.6218","article-title":"Sleep duration and quality in relation to autonomic nervous system measures: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)","volume":"39","author":"Castro-Diehl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht208","article-title":"Sympathetic overactivity due to sleep fragmentation is associated with elevated diurnal systolic blood pressure in healthy elderly subjects: the PROOF-SYNAPSE study","volume":"34","author":"Chouchou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00039.2020","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation increases blood pressure and is associated with alterations in the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in rats","volume":"52","author":"Maki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol Genom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae296","article-title":"Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism prevents coronary microvascular dysfunction in intermittent hypoxia independent of blood pressure","author":"Badran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-024-01487-0","article-title":"Sleep and oxidative stress: current perspectives on the role of NRF2","volume":"44","author":"Davinelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032245","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnea: putative contributions of mineralocorticoid receptors","volume":"24","author":"Badran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.01364","article-title":"Chronic sleep fragmentation mimicking sleep apnea does not worsen left-ventricular function in healthy and heart failure mice","volume":"10","author":"Cabrera-Aguilera","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109075","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation induces heart failure in a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mouse model by altering redox metabolism","volume":"27","author":"Bose","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.10.061","article-title":"Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Vlachopoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.04.027","article-title":"Sleep moderates the association between arterial stiffness and 24-hour blood pressure variability","volume":"83","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2147\/VHRM.S40231","article-title":"Effects of CPAP on \"vascular\" risk factors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and arterial hypertension","volume":"9","author":"Litvin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vasc Health Risk Manag"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10825","article-title":"Does obstructive sleep apnea influence blood pressure and arterial stiffness in response to antihypertensive treatment?","volume":"72","author":"Fatureto-Borges","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X16666200618161942","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and coronary vasoreactivity - a review of the history, physiology, diagnostic techniques, and clinical relevance","volume":"17","author":"Gunawardena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.01.013","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia causes endothelial dysfunction in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity","volume":"15","author":"Badran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18196","article-title":"Sleepless in Seattle: sleep deprivation and fragmentation impair endothelial function and fibrinolysis in hypertension","volume":"78","author":"Munzel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029870","article-title":"Acute coronary syndromes: the way forward from mechanisms to precision treatment","volume":"136","author":"Crea","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106222","article-title":"Durative sleep fragmentation with or without hypertension suppress rapid eye movement sleep and generate cerebrovascular dysfunction","volume":"184","author":"Xue","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib69","first-page":"13","article-title":"Effects of sleep fragmentation on sleep and markers of inflammation in mice","volume":"64","author":"Trammell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.03.009","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation elevates behavioral, electrographic and neurochemical measures of sleepiness","volume":"146","author":"McKenna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029400","article-title":"Sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: lessons from recent trials and need for team science","volume":"136","author":"Drager","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945725002412?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945725002412?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T22:46:26Z","timestamp":1748904386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945725002412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S1389945725002412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The cardiovascular consequences of chronic sleep fragmentation: Evidence from experimental models of obstructive sleep apnea","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106566","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106566"}}