{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:19:09Z","timestamp":1782101949813,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T21:04:49Z","timestamp":1755810289000},"page":"106741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Brain functional alterations in type 2 diabetes with obstructive sleep apnea patients: A multicenter resting-state fMRI study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Wang","family":"Zhezi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Xiaoshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yanli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cai","family":"Lili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qu","family":"Ping","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhou","family":"Xin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yanhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiong","family":"Yanxi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib1","article-title":"The contributions of resting-state functional-MRI studies to our understanding of male patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis","volume":"7","author":"Benjafield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1115","article-title":"Sleep disordered breathing hypoxia and risk Pg 613 9.PDF","author":"Yaffe","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00090-9","article-title":"Sleep apnoea and the brain: a complex relationship","volume":"3","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.12.003","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and cognitive impairment: addressing the blood\u2013brain barrier","volume":"18","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib6","first-page":"183","article-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70489","article-title":"Cortical surface spatial analysis reveals altered brain functional network topology in T2DM with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib8","article-title":"Exploring the link between GLP-1 receptor agonists and dementia: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Chuansangeam","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Alzhe Dis Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30405-X","article-title":"Cerebral microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes: stroke, cognitive dysfunction, and depression","volume":"8","author":"Van Sloten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2011.08.005","article-title":"Brain insulin signaling: a key component of cognitive processes and a potential basis for cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes","volume":"96","author":"Mcnay","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibneur.2022.12.006","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms underlying hyperglycemia associated cognitive decline","volume":"14","author":"Gupta","year":"2023","journal-title":"IBRO Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1776","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea among Obese patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Foster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.05.009","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and diabetes","volume":"152","author":"Reutrakul","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2012.00126","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and type 2 diabetes: is there a link?","volume":"3","author":"Pamidi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.240","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia exacerbates metabolic effects of diet-induced obesity","volume":"19","author":"Drager","year":"2011","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.556746","article-title":"Selective activation of inflammatory pathways by intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"112","author":"Ryan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(99)00111-5","article-title":"Leptin obesity and respiratory","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib18","first-page":"1047","article-title":"Leptin: master regulator of biological functions that affects breathing [M]","author":"Gauda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compr Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118503","article-title":"Advances in resting state fMRI acquisitions for functional connectomics","volume":"243","author":"Raimondo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib20","first-page":"S62","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"33","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6506","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea: an American academy of sleep medicine clinical practice guideline","volume":"13","author":"Kapur","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxj037","article-title":"Adjusting batch effects in microarray expression data using empirical bayes methods","volume":"8","author":"Johnson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.06.036","article-title":"On the integration of space, time, and memory","volume":"95","author":"Eichenbaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0348","article-title":"Brain changes underlying cognitive dysfunction in diabetes: what can we learn from MRI?","volume":"63","author":"Biessels","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4036","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0143","article-title":"Brain atrophy in type 2 diabetes","volume":"36","author":"Moran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4858","article-title":"Disrupted brain connectivity patterns in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"37","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib27","article-title":"CAREY BACKUS short term hyperglycemia produces ox source FASEB J SO 2005 Apr 19 6 638 40","author":"Andrea","year":"2005","journal-title":"FASEB J : Off publi Fed Ame Soci Experiment Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib28","first-page":"281","article-title":"Brain insulin resistance impairs hippocampal plasticity [M]","author":"Spinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horm Syna"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0410-1","article-title":"What is the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus status and the neuroradiological correlates of cerebral small vessel disease in adults? Protocol for a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Funnell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103181","article-title":"High-sugar diet disrupts hypothalamic but not cerebral cortex redox homeostasis","volume":"12","author":"\u017bebrowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-05268-7","article-title":"Elevated triglyceride-glucose index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, is associated with a high risk of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"15","author":"Tae","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib32","article-title":"Insulin signaling misregulation underlies circadian and cognitive deficits in a drosophila fragile X model","author":"Monyak D E","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib33","series-title":"Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America","article-title":"TNF alpha suppresses the expression source proc natl acad sci U S A SO 2007 Jul 31 104 31 12843 8","author":"Gionata Cavadini","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib34","article-title":"Decreased memory related regional Ce source nat sci sleep SO 2024.pdf","author":"Xiangbo Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib35","article-title":"The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in cognition, ageing and dementia","volume":"3","author":"Jobson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Commu"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib36","article-title":"Abnormal functional connectivity of hippocampal subdivisions in obstructive sleep apnea: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib37","article-title":"The effects of CPAP treatment on resting-state network centrality in obstructive sleep apnea patients","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.02.005","article-title":"Brain regional homogeneity changes after short-term positive airway pressure treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"91","author":"Song","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib39","article-title":"Task positive and default mode netwo source sleep SO 2011 mar 1 34 3 293 301A.PDF","author":"Prilipko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.02.009","article-title":"Altered brain dynamic functional connectivity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and its association with cognitive performance","volume":"128","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-03876-8","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and structural and functional brain alterations: a brain-wide investigation from clinical association to genetic causality","volume":"23","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.70026","article-title":"Volumetric analysis of the hypothalamic subunits in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"14","author":"Mohammadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib43","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and the pref source J sleep res SO 2002 mar 11 1 1 16.PDF","author":"Beebe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.06.040","article-title":"Neural activation signatures in individuals with subclinical depression: a task-fMRI meta-analysis","volume":"362","author":"Lyu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.011","article-title":"What are the neural correlates of meta-cognition and anosognosia in alzheimer's disease? A systematic review","volume":"94","author":"Hallam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2019.04.007","article-title":"Abnormal brain functional connectivity coupled with hypoperfusion measured by resting-state fMRI: an additional contributing factor for cognitive impairment in patients with alzheimer's disease","volume":"289","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.765775","article-title":"Aberrant resting-state functional brain connectivity of Insular subregions in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"15","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib48","article-title":"Altered spontaneous brain activity in patients with diabetic osteoporosis using regional homogeneity: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib49","article-title":"Odor induced functional connectivity alteration of POC-Anterior frontal cortex-medial temporal cortex in patients with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7941689","article-title":"Primary cognitive factors impaired after glioma surgery and associated brain regions","volume":"2020","author":"Niki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.12.013","article-title":"Combining static and dynamic functional connectivity analyses to identify male patients with obstructive sleep apnea and predict clinical symptoms","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.10.035","article-title":"Multilayer network analysis of dynamic network reconfiguration in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea and its association with neurocognitive function","volume":"112","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib53","article-title":"Medial temporal lobe and obstructive sleep apnea: effect of sex, age, cognitive status and free-water","volume":"36","author":"Martineau-Dussault","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuroimage: Clinic"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5042","article-title":"Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces chronic low-grade neuroinflammation in the dorsal hippocampus of mice","volume":"38","author":"Sapin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.02.013","article-title":"Decreased structural pathways mediating functional connectivity in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"116","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0000000000000202","article-title":"Effects of the insulin sensitizer metformin in alzheimer disease .pdf","author":"Koenig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945725004162?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945725004162?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:55:13Z","timestamp":1781880913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945725004162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S1389945725004162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Brain functional alterations in type 2 diabetes with obstructive sleep apnea patients: A multicenter resting-state fMRI study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106741","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106741"}}