{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T04:24:21Z","timestamp":1772943861214,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009886","name":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009886","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014900","name":"Sleep Research Society Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["08-SRG-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["08-SRG-22"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014900","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006126","name":"Hospital for Sick Children","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006126","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012285","name":"BC Children's Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012285","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005247","name":"University of British Columbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009716","name":"Osteoporosis Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009716","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000223","name":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000223","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100023456","name":"Defeat Duchenne Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100023456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000241","name":"Physicians' Services Incorporated Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T07:12:27Z","timestamp":1755241947000},"page":"106745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The association between insomnia, chronotype, and positive airway pressure adherence in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"135","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-1217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rianna","family":"Sarbajna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Kuyntjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Cithiravel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3032-5434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reshma","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7958-5472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackie","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-9500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Indra","family":"Narang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.6.1131","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in children with suspected sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"27","author":"Crabtree","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3178","article-title":"The relationship between depressive symptoms and obstructive sleep apnea in pediatric populations: a meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200309-1305OC","article-title":"Twenty-four\u2013hour ambulatory blood pressure in children with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"169","author":"Amin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib4","article-title":"Elevated blood pressure during sleep and wake in children with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"128","author":"Horne","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-3692(15)51134-3","article-title":"Twenty-Four\u2013Hour ambulatory BP in snoring children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"130","author":"Leung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200703-375OC","article-title":"Association between metabolic syndrome and sleep-disordered breathing in adolescents","volume":"176","author":"Redline","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(19)30214-6","article-title":"Adherence in children using positive airway pressure therapy: a big-data analysis","volume":"2","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib8","article-title":"Persistent obstructive sleep apnoea in children: treatment options and management considerations","author":"Ersu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202210-885OC","article-title":"Morning chronotype is associated with improved adherence to continuous positive airway pressure among individuals with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"20","author":"Knauert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann ATS"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3226","article-title":"Symptoms of insomnia among patients with obstructive sleep apnea before and after two years of positive airway pressure treatment","volume":"36","author":"Bj\u00f6rnsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.3390\/clockssleep6040037","article-title":"A longitudinal examination between chronotype and insomnia in youths: a cross-lagged panel analysis","volume":"6","author":"Cheung","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clocks Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45874","article-title":"From lark to owl: developmental changes in morningness-eveningness from new-borns to early adulthood","volume":"7","author":"Randler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.6022","article-title":"Emergence of sex differences in insomnia symptoms in adolescents: a large-scale school-based study","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181577654","article-title":"The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"18","author":"Von","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e442","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1634","article-title":"Adherence to and effectiveness of positive airway pressure therapy in children with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"117","author":"Marcus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib16","article-title":"Validation of a brief insomnia severity measure in youth clinically referred for sleep evaluation","volume":"30","author":"Byars","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.09.019","article-title":"Assessing insomnia in adolescents: Comparison of insomnia severity index, Athens insomnia scale and sleep quality index","volume":"12","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the insomnia severity index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520903044505","article-title":"Assessment of chronotype in Four- to eleven-year-old children: reliability and validity of the children's ChronoType questionnaire (CCTQ)","volume":"26","author":"Werner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.5152\/eajm.2014.0061","article-title":"Turkish validation and adaptation of children \u2019s chronotype questionnaire (CCTQ)","volume":"47","author":"Dursun","year":"2015","journal-title":"EAJM"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2018.1564322","article-title":"The reduced morningness\u2013eveningness questionnaire: psychometric properties and related factors in a young Swedish population","volume":"36","author":"Danielsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2016.e00200","article-title":"Morningness-eveningness in a large sample of German adolescents and adults","volume":"2","author":"Randler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13948","article-title":"External validity of the reduced morningness\u2013eveningness questionnaire for children and adolescents: an actigraphic study","volume":"33","author":"Tonetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(91)90110-W","article-title":"Horne & ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire: a reduced scale","volume":"12","author":"Adan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.01.003","article-title":"A systematic review of CPAP adherence across age groups: clinical and empiric insights for developing CPAP adherence interventions","volume":"15","author":"Sawyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.20579","article-title":"Pediatric complex chronic condition system version 3","volume":"7","author":"Feinstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0195343","article-title":"Specific insomnia symptoms and self-efficacy explain CPAP compliance in a sample of OSAS patients","volume":"13","author":"Philip","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9619-3","article-title":"An item response analysis of the pediatric PROMIS anxiety and depressive symptoms scales","volume":"19","author":"Irwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.01.014","article-title":"Validation of the epworth sleepiness scale for children and adolescents using rasch analysis","volume":"33","author":"Janssen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S140143","article-title":"Assessing narcolepsy with cataplexy in children and adolescents: development of a cataplexy diary and the ESS-CHAD","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"NSS"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200111000-00015","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire","volume":"40","author":"Goodman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","article-title":"The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note","volume":"38","author":"Goodman","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiat"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0815H","article-title":"The relationship between reported sleep quality and sleep hygiene in Italian and American adolescents","volume":"115","author":"LeBourgeois","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i05","article-title":"mediation : r package for causal mediation analysis","volume":"59","author":"Tingley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stat Software"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201307-1282ST","article-title":"An official American thoracic society statement: continuous positive airway pressure adherence tracking systems. The optimal monitoring strategies and outcome measures in adults","volume":"188","author":"Schwab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib36","series-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib37","article-title":"Quantreg: quantile regression","author":"Koenker","year":"2025","journal-title":"R Package Version 6.1"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.07.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of the human circadian clock","volume":"11","author":"Roenneberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.025","article-title":"Eveningness chronotype, insomnia symptoms, and emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib40","article-title":"The association between sleep quality and obstructive sleep apnea with health-related quality of life in children with obesity","volume":"6","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.03.012","article-title":"Sleep maintenance insomnia complaints predict poor CPAP adherence: a clinical case series","volume":"11","author":"Wickwire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2021.1931274","article-title":"Insomnia symptoms mediate the association between eveningness and suicidal ideation, defeat, entrapment, and psychological distress in students","volume":"38","author":"Bradford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsw038","article-title":"Effects of melatonin and bright light treatment in childhood chronic sleep onset insomnia with late melatonin onset: a randomized controlled study","volume":"40","author":"Van Maanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1432","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavior therapy plus bright light therapy for adolescent delayed sleep phase disorder","volume":"34","author":"Gradisar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz178","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral therapy for insomnia increases the use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnea participants with comorbid insomnia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Sweetman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib46","article-title":"Later school start times for supporting the education, health, and well-being of high school students","volume":"2017","author":"Marx","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.06.002","article-title":"Delayed school start times and adolescent sleep: a systematic review of the experimental evidence","volume":"28","author":"Minges","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945725004204?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945725004204?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T12:59:00Z","timestamp":1772888340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945725004204"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S1389945725004204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The association between insomnia, chronotype, and positive airway pressure adherence in children and adolescents","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106745","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106745"}}