{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:19:47Z","timestamp":1790104787068,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018568","name":"Special Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STKJ2023042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STKJ2023042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018568","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82020108016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82020108016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82411540241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82411540241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T13:09:14Z","timestamp":1758978554000},"page":"106833","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impaired neurovascular-glymphatic functional association in chronic insomnia: Evidence from multimodal BOLD and DTI imaging"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6254-9782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqi","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panpan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiechai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuohua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitian","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renhua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib1","article-title":"Advances in the management of chronic insomnia","volume":"354","author":"Kay-Stacey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.10.018","article-title":"Cross-cultural and comparative epidemiology of insomnia: the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM), international classification of diseases (ICD) and international classification of sleep disorders (ICSD)","volume":"16","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00021-6","article-title":"The neurobiology, investigation, and treatment of chronic insomnia","volume":"14","author":"Riemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.193","article-title":"Insomnia","volume":"309","author":"Buysse","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/5764017","article-title":"Sleep deprivation and neurological disorders","author":"Bishir","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(08)70013-3","article-title":"Metabolic consequences of sleep and sleep loss","volume":"9","author":"Van Cauter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.642850","article-title":"The utility of cerebrovascular reactivity MRI in brain rehabilitation: a mechanistic perspective","volume":"12","author":"Krishnamurthy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1392","article-title":"On the assessment of cerebrovascular reactivity using hypercapnia BOLD MRI","volume":"22","author":"Yezhuvath","year":"2009","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.07.005","article-title":"Effect of insomnia after acute ischemic stroke on cerebrovascular reactivity: a prospective clinical study in China","volume":"63","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X19862182","article-title":"MRI evaluation of cerebrovascular reactivity in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"40","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cerebr Blood Flow Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","article-title":"A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid \u03b2","volume":"4","author":"Iliff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67677","article-title":"Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI","volume":"123","author":"Iliff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14945","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205322","article-title":"Imaging of brain clearance pathways via MRI assessment of the glymphatic system","volume":"15","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30318-1","article-title":"The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders","volume":"17","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241224","article-title":"Sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain","volume":"342","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101917","article-title":"Is the glymphatic system the missing link between sleep impairments and neurological disorders? Examining the implications and uncertainties","volume":"198","author":"Christensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.01.028","article-title":"Glymphatic system dysfunction in middle-aged and elderly chronic insomnia patients with cognitive impairment evidenced by diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS)","volume":"115","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-017-0617-z","article-title":"Evaluation of glymphatic system activity with the diffusion MR technique: diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in Alzheimer's disease cases","volume":"35","author":"Taoka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26516","article-title":"Magnetic resonance images implicate that glymphatic alterations mediate cognitive dysfunction in alzheimer disease","volume":"93","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10718","article-title":"Insomnia: prevalence, consequences and effective treatment","volume":"199","author":"Cunnington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000295","article-title":"Insomnia symptoms are associated with abnormal endothelial function","volume":"32","author":"Routledge","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-21-705","article-title":"Perivascular space is associated with brain atrophy in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Quant Imag Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487317702043","article-title":"The association between insomnia symptoms and risk of cardio-cerebral vascular events: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"24","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-017-1396-x","article-title":"Rho-kinase and the nitric oxide pathway modulate basilar arterial reactivity to acetylcholine and angiotensin II in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","volume":"390","author":"Islam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06040.x","article-title":"Sleep quality, social well-being, gender, and inflammation: an integrative analysis in a national sample","volume":"1231","author":"Friedman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004589","article-title":"Sleep restriction increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by augmenting proinflammatory responses through IL-17 and CRP","volume":"4","author":"van Leeuwen","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2945","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.22.2945","article-title":"C-reactive protein and the risk of developing hypertension","volume":"290","author":"Sesso","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000114526.50618.24","article-title":"C-reactive protein accelerates the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"109","author":"Paul","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2009.06.001","article-title":"Biomarkers of premature atherosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Kampoli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00430","article-title":"C-Reactive protein in atherothrombosis and angiogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Badimon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2017.01.026","article-title":"Insomnia and risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"152","author":"Javaheri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000192","article-title":"Role of the sympathetic autonomic nervous system in hypoxic remodeling of the fetal cerebral vasculature","volume":"65","author":"Adeoye","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.011","article-title":"Anxiety, pCO2 and cerebral blood flow","volume":"89","author":"Van den Bergh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.02.010","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in depression: a meta-analysis of mean differences and variability in 5,166 patients and 5,083 controls","volume":"87","author":"Osimo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.03.094","article-title":"Lower cerebrovascular reactivity in prefrontal cortex and weaker negative functional connectivity between prefrontal cortex and insula contribute to white matter hyperintensity-related anxiety or depression","volume":"354","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1581-6","article-title":"The glymphatic system: a beginner's guide","volume":"40","author":"Jessen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aav5447","article-title":"Increased glymphatic influx is correlated with high EEG delta power and low heart rate in mice under anesthesia","volume":"5","author":"Hablitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12436","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1614-16.2016","article-title":"Why does sleep slow-wave activity increase after extended wake? Assessing the effects of increased cortical firing during wake and sleep","volume":"36","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib39","article-title":"Aquaporin-4, Connexin-30, and Connexin-43 as biomarkers for decreased objective sleep quality and\/or cognition dysfunction in patients with chronic insomnia disorder","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40070","article-title":"Aquaporin-4-dependent glymphatic solute transport in the rodent brain","volume":"7","author":"Mestre","year":"2018","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy113","article-title":"Understanding the role of the perivascular space in cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"114","author":"Brown","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2015.119","article-title":"Clearance systems in the brain-implications for Alzheimer disease","volume":"11","author":"Tarasoff-Conway","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/life13101955","article-title":"The brain endothelial cell Glycocalyx plays a crucial role in the development of enlarged perivascular spaces in obesity, Metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"13","author":"Hayden","year":"2023","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2005.06.012","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier alterations in both focal and diffuse abnormalities on postmortem MRI in multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Vos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142976","article-title":"Is vasomotion in cerebral arteries impaired in Alzheimer's Disease?","volume":"46","author":"Di Marco","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18190","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1592-13.2013","article-title":"Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF-interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain","volume":"33","author":"Iliff","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.05.003","article-title":"Cerebrovascular reactivity measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging during breath-hold challenge: a systematic review","volume":"79","author":"Urback","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.48","article-title":"Comparison of cerebral vascular reactivity measures obtained using breath-holding and CO2 inhalation","volume":"33","author":"Tancredi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Cerebr Blood Flow Metabol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.07.007","article-title":"Reliable quantification of BOLD fMRI cerebrovascular reactivity despite poor breath-hold performance","volume":"83","author":"Bright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.10.010","article-title":"Impaired cerebrovascular reactivity in obstructive sleep apnea: a case-control study","volume":"43","author":"Ponsaing","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.05.020","article-title":"Combined effects of type 2 diabetes and hypertension associated with cortical thinning and impaired cerebrovascular reactivity relative to hypertension alone in older adults","volume":"5","author":"Tchistiakova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12719","article-title":"Reduced cerebrovascular reactivity among adolescents with bipolar disorder","volume":"21","author":"Urback","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11604-021-01187-5","article-title":"Reproducibility of diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) for evaluating interstitial fluid diffusivity and glymphatic function: changes in Alps index on Multiple conditiON acquIsition eXperiment (CHAMONIX) study","volume":"40","author":"Taoka","year":"2022","journal-title":"Jpn J Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib54","article-title":"Associations among cognitive functions, plasma DNA, and diffusion tensor image along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in patients with Parkinson's Disease","volume":"2021","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.12837","article-title":"Assessment of the DTI-ALPS parameter along the perivascular space in older adults at risk of dementia","volume":"31","author":"Steward","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2020.559603","article-title":"Dysfunction of the glymphatic system might be related to iron deposition in the normal aging brain","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2020.11.009","article-title":"Altered glymphatic system in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"82","author":"Bae","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00300","article-title":"Evaluation of glymphatic system using diffusion MR technique in T2DM cases","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib59","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of glymphatic system evaluation using diffusion tensor imaging in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and mimickers","volume":"2019","author":"Yokota","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-021-02646-6","article-title":"Peritumoral brain edema volume in meningioma correlates with tumor fractional anisotropy but not apparent diffusion coefficient or cerebral blood volume","volume":"63","author":"Toh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2021.118257","article-title":"Glymphatic clearance function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"238","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuroimage"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945725005088?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945725005088?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T14:57:03Z","timestamp":1781881023000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945725005088"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S1389945725005088"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impaired neurovascular-glymphatic functional association in chronic insomnia: Evidence from multimodal BOLD and DTI imaging","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106833","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106833"}}