{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:57:44Z","timestamp":1791838664011,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020207","name":"Sichuan Province Health Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24QMP056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24QMP056"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020207","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T16:45:10Z","timestamp":1764348310000},"page":"108688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on early renal injury biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1211-3462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengdi","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feifan","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Salanitro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Wessel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Penzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib1","first-page":"1311","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea is a common disorder in the population-a review on the epidemiology of sleep apnea","volume":"7","author":"Franklin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2474142","article-title":"Gut microbiota and derived metabolites mediate obstructive sleep apnea induced atherosclerosis","volume":"17","author":"Xue","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4946","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and kidney disease: a potential bidirectional relationship?","volume":"11","author":"Abuyassin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.04.027","article-title":"Sleep disturbances as nontraditional risk factors for development and progression of CKD: review of the evidence","volume":"60","author":"Turek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2020.101337","article-title":"A systematic review on the association between obstructive sleep apnea and chronic kidney disease","volume":"53","author":"Umbro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2015.06.008","article-title":"Hypervolemia and sleep apnea in kidney disease","volume":"35","author":"Lyons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154503","article-title":"Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"11","author":"Maski","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2017.09.004","article-title":"Early markers of renal damage in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) patients with or without diabetes mellitus","volume":"66","author":"Farghaly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/20503121241228446","article-title":"Review of the limitations of current biomarkers in acute kidney injury clinical practices","volume":"12","author":"Bufkin","year":"2024","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-024-01360-9","article-title":"Biomarkers in acute kidney injury","volume":"14","author":"Ostermann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081702","article-title":"Novel biomarkers in the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease and the prediction of its outcome","volume":"18","author":"Rysz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04040-3","article-title":"Advances in the diagnosis of early biomarkers for acute kidney injury: a literature review","volume":"26","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0311755","article-title":"The efficacy of novel biomarkers for the early detection and management of acute kidney injury: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Yousef Almulhim","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib15","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","author":"Kdigo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease kidney international supplements","volume":"3","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3 Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib17","first-page":"S1","article-title":"KDOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification","volume":"76","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib18","series-title":"Celiac disease","author":"Rostom","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib19","article-title":"Cochrane methods. Risk of bias 2 (roB 2) tool","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cochrane Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range And\/Or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1566-9_3","article-title":"Fixed- and random-effects models","volume":"2345","author":"Kanters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib22","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions","year":"2022"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557","article-title":"Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses","volume":"327","author":"Higgins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"7109","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.629","article-title":"Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test","volume":"315","author":"Egger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002","article-title":"Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials","volume":"343","author":"Sterne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c140","DOI":"10.1159\/000232594","article-title":"Albuminuria and renal function in Obese adults evaluated for obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"113","author":"Agrawal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8081723","article-title":"Cystatin C levels in middle-aged patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"2016","author":"Archontogeorgis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pulm Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib28","first-page":"827","article-title":"Analysis of early kidney injury-related factors in patients with hypertension and obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAHS)","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2244","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq821","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea: a stand-alone risk factor for chronic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Chou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7618","article-title":"Elevated serum markers of Acute kidney injury in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"15","author":"Chuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202106-1445OC","article-title":"Inflammasome activation: a keystone of proinflammatory response in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"205","author":"D\u00edaz-Garc\u00eda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib32","article-title":"No impact of a high-fat meal coupled with intermittent hypoxemia on acute kidney injury biomarkers in adults with and without obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"11","author":"Goulet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phys Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib33","first-page":"339","article-title":"[Severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome with latent renal dysfunction: analysis of 238 cases]","volume":"36","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib34","first-page":"261","article-title":"[Influencing factors of renal function in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome]","volume":"45","author":"Qianqian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200412-1652OC","article-title":"Increased carotid intima-media thickness and serum inflammatory markers in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"172","author":"Minoguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib36","first-page":"298","article-title":"[Preliminary study on the relationship between OSA and renal function]","volume":"33","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-018-1726-3","article-title":"Oxidative stress does not contribute to the release of proinflammatory cytokines through activating the Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"23","author":"Tang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-008-0169-7","article-title":"Low-grade urinary albumin excretion in normotensive\/non-diabetic obstructive sleep apnea patients","volume":"12","author":"Ursavas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-018-1677-8","article-title":"Serum levels of NGAL and cystatin C as markers of early kidney dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Voulgaris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0678-2","article-title":"Elevated serum cystatin C in severe OSA younger men without complications","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib41","first-page":"174","article-title":"[The test of KIM-1, Cys C and \u03b22-MG to assess the early renal damage in OSAHS patients and its clinical significance]","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0339-2","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and urinary albumin excretion in older men","volume":"15","author":"Canales","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6334","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.7399","article-title":"Effect of continuous positive airway pressure therapy on inflammatory cytokines and atherosclerosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Jin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-01927-y","article-title":"Association of serum adiponectin level with cystatin C in male patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.3901\/JME.2011.01.024","article-title":"Association among plasma interleukin-18 levels, carotid intima- media thickness and severity of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"122","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.05.001","article-title":"Association of obstructive sleep apnea with urinary albumin excretion in essential hypertension: a cross-sectional study","volume":"52","author":"Tsioufis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-015-1136-8","article-title":"Microalbuminuria in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Bulcun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-021-02461-6","article-title":"Is there a relationship between sleep apnoea and microalbuminuria?","volume":"26","author":"Cihanbeylerden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2025.1545100","article-title":"Evaluating cystatin-C and monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio as indicators of obstructive sleep apnea severity in male patients","volume":"12","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2025.05.028","article-title":"Systemic markers of inflammation and immune activation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation","volume":"139","author":"Hunt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.07.003","article-title":"Oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea and intermittent hypoxia--revisited--the bad ugly and good: implications to the heart and brain","volume":"20","author":"Lavie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192084","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia causes histological kidney damage and increases growth factor expression in a mouse model of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"13","author":"Abuyassin","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.07.010","article-title":"Targeting the ROS-HIF-1-endothelin axis as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea-related cardiovascular complications","volume":"168","author":"Belaidi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1159\/000450796","article-title":"The triad of sleep apnea, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease: a spectrum of common pathology","volume":"7","author":"Aziz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-025-03508-0","article-title":"Association between elevated cystatin C levels and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Fu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1021936","article-title":"Establishment of muscle mass-based indications for the cystatin C test in renal function evaluation","volume":"9","author":"Yim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-024-03472-7","article-title":"Association of obstructive sleep apnea and diurnal variation of cystatin C","volume":"25","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050686","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic options","volume":"143","author":"Jankowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11112984","article-title":"Kidney renin release under hypoxia and its potential link with nitric oxide: a narrative review","volume":"11","author":"Kong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/123356","article-title":"The pattern of overnight changes in novel markers of acute kidney injury in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"29","author":"Nowicki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02776-8","article-title":"The value of kidney injury molecule 1 in predicting acute kidney injury in adult patients: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20165594","article-title":"Angiotensin-(1-7) relieved renal injury induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia in rats by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis","volume":"50","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.10.040","article-title":"Urinary interleukin-18 is a marker of human acute tubular necrosis","volume":"43","author":"Parikh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2024.0057","article-title":"Evaluation of Serum\/Plasma levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, and IL-23) in adults and children with obstructive sleep apnea: a systematic review, Meta-Analysis, and trial sequential analysis","volume":"44","author":"Golshah","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202201-0215ED","article-title":"Monocyte activation: the link between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease?","volume":"205","author":"Borker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.888644","article-title":"Causal analysis between altered levels of interleukins and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"13","author":"Yi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.05.014","article-title":"Urinary interleukin 18 for detection of acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-020-02090-5","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and risk of renal impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2478\/jtim-2020-0033","article-title":"Pathogenesis and damage targets of hypertensive kidney injury","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Int Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2012.19","article-title":"Glomerular hyperfiltration: definitions, mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"8","author":"Helal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13121540","article-title":"From adipose to ailing kidneys: the role of lipid metabolism in obesity-related chronic kidney disease","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.11.052","article-title":"Effect of CPAP therapy on kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"159","author":"Rimke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.03.028","article-title":"Continuous positive airway pressure treatment reduces renal tubular damage in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a retrospective single-center cohort study","volume":"106","author":"Moriya","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8354","article-title":"Mild obstructive sleep apnea increases hypertension risk, challenging traditional severity classification","volume":"16","author":"Bouloukaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.29852","article-title":"Stratifying the risk of cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnea using machine learning","volume":"132","author":"Gourishetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945725023639?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945725023639?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T19:44:25Z","timestamp":1773863065000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945725023639"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S1389945725023639"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Impact of obstructive sleep apnea on early renal injury biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.108688","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108688"}}