{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:57:08Z","timestamp":1791493028968,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K07496"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K07496"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005782","name":"Nara Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007723","name":"Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007723","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000646","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K09356"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K09356"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000646","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T18:59:50Z","timestamp":1774465190000},"page":"108928","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Circadian disruption and its clinical implications in Parkinson's disease: A Narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Sugie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Obayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3208","article-title":"Circadian clock and pathology of the ageing brain","volume":"13","author":"Kondratova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1195027","article-title":"Circadian integration of metabolism and energetics","volume":"330","author":"Bass","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2010.03.007","article-title":"Circadian clocks: genes, sleep, and cognition","volume":"14","author":"Kyriacou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Cognit Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2004.08.001","article-title":"The basic physiology and pathophysiology of melatonin","volume":"9","author":"Claustrat","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1177\/074873002129002474","article-title":"Comparisons of the variability of three markers of the human circadian pacemaker","volume":"17","author":"Klerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.0640","article-title":"A histologic study of the circadian system in parkinson disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"75","author":"De Pablo-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.08.003","article-title":"Circadian dysfunction in a mouse model of parkinson's disease","volume":"232","author":"Kudo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02848.x","article-title":"Expression of clock genes Per1 and Bmal1 in total leukocytes in health and parkinson's disease","volume":"17","author":"Cai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.736026","article-title":"Peripheral clock system abnormalities in patients with parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.65","article-title":"Sleep and circadian rhythm regulation in early parkinson disease","volume":"71","author":"Breen","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200303000-00005","article-title":"Study of circadian melatonin secretion pattern at different stages of parkinson's disease","volume":"26","author":"Bordet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02257677","article-title":"Circadian secretion pattern of melatonin in de novo parkinsonian patients: evidence for phase-shifting properties of l-dopa","volume":"5","author":"Fertl","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02251135","article-title":"Circadian secretion pattern of melatonin in parkinson's disease","volume":"3","author":"Fertl","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9377","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503584102","article-title":"Regulation of dopaminergic transmission and cocaine reward by the clock gene","volume":"102","author":"McClung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.6239","article-title":"Circadian melatonin rhythm and excessive daytime sleepiness in parkinson disease","volume":"71","author":"Videnovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00965","article-title":"Coordination of circadian timing in mammals","volume":"418","author":"Reppert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01526","article-title":"The circadian clock drives mast cell functions in allergic reactions","volume":"9","author":"Christ","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91350-2","article-title":"The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia","volume":"342","author":"Swaab","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/074873048800300106","article-title":"Comparative anatomy of the Mammalian hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus","volume":"3","author":"Cassone","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00009.2009","article-title":"Physiology of circadian entrainment","volume":"90","author":"Golombek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00350-2","article-title":"Circadian clocks","volume":"7","author":"Hastings","year":"1997","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007156","article-title":"Regulation of circadian clock transcriptional output by CLOCK: BMAL1","volume":"14","author":"Trott","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R93","DOI":"10.1530\/JME-19-0153","article-title":"Circadian clock genes and the transcriptional architecture of the clock mechanism","volume":"63","author":"Cox","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1464595","article-title":"Circadian rhythm disruption: a potential trigger in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15859","article-title":"Chronobiology of parkinson's disease: past, present and future","volume":"57","author":"Asadpoordezaki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2430","article-title":"The genetics of mammalian circadian order and disorder: implications for physiology and disease","volume":"9","author":"Takahashi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0847","article-title":"The roles of melatonine and light in the pathophysiology and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders","volume":"4","author":"Pandi-Perumal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500545862","article-title":"Circadian uses of melatonin in humans","volume":"23","author":"Lewy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X20666220217152617","article-title":"Melatonin as a chronobiotic with sleep-promoting properties","volume":"21","author":"Cruz-Sanabria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib30","series-title":"Melatonin, neuroprotective agents and antidepressant therapy","author":"Carpentieri","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib31","series-title":"Fundam. Sleep med. Saint Louis","first-page":"515","author":"Berry","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2011.08.010","article-title":"Circadian clock signals in the adrenal cortex","volume":"349","author":"Ota","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1101\/sqb.2007.72.033","article-title":"Suprachiasmatic nucleus clock time in the mammalian circadian system","volume":"72","author":"Okamura","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26592","article-title":"Hypothalamic volume loss is associated with reduced melatonin output in parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Breen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3190","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14116","article-title":"New perspectives on the role of melatonin in human sleep, circadian rhythms and their regulation","volume":"175","author":"Zisapel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-014-9541-0","article-title":"Daily rhythms of serotonin metabolism and the expression of clock genes in suprachiasmatic nucleus of rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease male Wistar rat model and effect of melatonin administration","volume":"16","author":"Mattam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.10.016","article-title":"Disturbances in melatonin secretion and circadian sleep-wake regulation in parkinson disease","volume":"15","author":"Bolitho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00505","article-title":"Elevated plasma melatonin levels are correlated with the non-motor symptoms in parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study","volume":"14","author":"Linyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.07.043","article-title":"Melatonin secretion in patients with parkinson's disease receiving different-dose levodopa therapy","volume":"75","author":"Kataoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000674","article-title":"Dopamine D4 receptors: significance for molecular psychiatry at the millennium","volume":"4","author":"Tarazi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128e35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.05.013","article-title":"Thyroid hormone and adrenergic signaling interact to control pineal expression of the dopamine receptor D4 gene (Drd4)","volume":"314","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001347","article-title":"Circadian-related heteromerization of adrenergic and dopamine D4 receptors modulates melatonin synthesis and release in the pineal gland","volume":"10","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-011-1003-9","article-title":"Clock genes and sleep","volume":"463","author":"Landgraf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Archiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6386","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510691103","article-title":"Signaling mediated by the dopamine D2 receptor potentiates circadian regulation by CLOCK: BMAL1","volume":"103","author":"Yujnovsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110485","article-title":"Effect of melatonin administration on the PER1 and BMAL1 clock genes in patients with parkinson's disease","volume":"129","author":"Delgado-Lara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15891","article-title":"Association of ARNTL and PER1 genes with parkinson's disease: a case-control study of han Chinese","volume":"5","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7824","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157824","article-title":"Microglia and the aging brain: are geriatric microglia linked to poor sleep quality?","volume":"22","author":"Choudhury","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.47","article-title":"Circadian rhythm dysfunction: a novel environmental risk factor for parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Lauretti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410030207","article-title":"The hypothalamus in parkinson disease","volume":"3","author":"Langston","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819973-2.00015-0","article-title":"Hypothalamic \u03b1-synuclein and its relation to weight loss and autonomic symptoms in Parkinson's disease","volume":"182","author":"De Pablo-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26868","article-title":"Hypothalamic \u03b1-synuclein and its relation to weight loss and autonomic symptoms in Parkinson's disease","volume":"32","author":"De Pablo-Fernandez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24182","article-title":"\u03b1-synuclein in the inner retina in parkinson disease","volume":"75","author":"Bodis-Wollner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25897","article-title":"Dopaminergic retinal cell loss and visual dysfunction in parkinson disease","volume":"88","author":"Ortu\u00f1o-Lizar\u00e1n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3086","article-title":"Linking neural activity and molecular oscillations in the SCN","volume":"12","author":"Colwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9434","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3080-04.2004","article-title":"Early and progressive sensorimotor anomalies in mice overexpressing wild-type human alpha-synuclein","volume":"24","author":"Fleming","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib56","series-title":"Modeling non-motor symptoms of parkinson's disease in genetic mouse models","first-page":"483","author":"Fleming","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.01.014","article-title":"Circadian dysfunction May be a key component of the non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: insights from a transgenic mouse model","volume":"243","author":"Willison","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22327","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein overexpression in mice alters synaptic communication in the corticostriatal pathway","volume":"88","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03351014","article-title":"Circadian variation in plasma dopamine levels in man","volume":"7","author":"Sowers","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(97)00131-5","article-title":"Structure and organization of the gene encoding human dopamine transporter","volume":"195","author":"Kawarai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.04.031","article-title":"Knockdown of clock in the ventral tegmental area through RNA interference results in a mixed state of mania and depression-like behavior","volume":"68","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14046","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2128-10.2010","article-title":"Endogenous dopamine regulates the rhythm of expression of the clock protein PER2 in the rat dorsal striatum via daily activation of D2 dopamine receptors","volume":"30","author":"Hood","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.10.044","article-title":"Dopamine receptor-mediated regulation of neuronal \u201cclock\u201d gene expression","volume":"158","author":"Imbesi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib64","first-page":"BR61","article-title":"Melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor expression in Parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Adi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit: Int Med J Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-200001000-00006","article-title":"Diurnal motor variations to repeated doses of levodopa in Parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Bonuccelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.4.481","article-title":"Influence of fluctuations of plasma large neutral amino acids with normal diets on the clinical response to levodopa","volume":"52","author":"Nutt","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1993.tb04096.x","article-title":"Assessment of response fluctuations in Parkinson's disease by ambulatory wrist activity monitoring","volume":"87","author":"van Hilten","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.54.11.976","article-title":"A new approach in the assessment of motor activity in Parkinson's disease","volume":"54","author":"van Hilten","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2006.00580.x","article-title":"Orthostatic heart rate variability analysis in idiopathic Parkinson's disease","volume":"113","author":"Mihci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-002-0884-0","article-title":"Circadian heart rate variability in Parkinson's disease","volume":"249","author":"Pursiainen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S367","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21682","article-title":"Sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease: an overview","volume":"22","author":"Comella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01998.x","article-title":"The frequency and nature of sleep disorders in a community-based population of patients with Parkinson's disease","volume":"15","author":"Porter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.3_Part_1.467","article-title":"Circadian fluctuations of contrast sensitivity in Parkinson's disease","volume":"40","author":"Struck","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib74","first-page":"219","article-title":"Diurnal worsening in parkinson patients treated with levodopa [Italian] Riv neurol","volume":"61","author":"Piccini","year":"1991","journal-title":"Riv Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.07.081","article-title":"Circadian insights into dopamine mechanism","volume":"282","author":"Mendoza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30461-7","article-title":"Association between circadian rhythms and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"18","author":"Leng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.06.023","article-title":"Circadian activity rhythm in parkinson's disease: findings from the PHASE study","volume":"85","author":"Obayashi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023952","article-title":"Early presymptomatic and long-term changes of rest activity cycles and cognitive behavior in a MPTP-monkey model of parkinson's disease","volume":"6","author":"Vezoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020050228","article-title":"Nocturnal sleep structure and temperature slope in MPTP treated monkeys","volume":"106","author":"Almirall","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.07.019","article-title":"Sleep disorders in parkinson's disease: the contribution of the MPTP non-human primate model","volume":"219","author":"Barraud","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.1174","article-title":"REM sleep behavior disorder in the marmoset MPTP model of early parkinson disease","volume":"34","author":"Verhave","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.09.010","article-title":"Objective sleep measures between patients with parkinson's disease and community-based older adults","volume":"68","author":"Kataoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000183056.89590.0d","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness and subsequent development of parkinson disease","volume":"65","author":"Abbott","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afj087","article-title":"Sleep-related problems of parkinson's disease","volume":"35","author":"Dhawan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-011-5933-0","article-title":"When parkinson's disease patients go to sleep: specific sleep disturbances related to parkinson's disease","volume":"258","author":"Schulte","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.06.023","article-title":"Tef polymorphism is associated with sleep disturbances in patients with parkinson's disease","volume":"13","author":"Hua","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00127.x","article-title":"Heart rate variability in patients with untreated Parkinson's disease","volume":"7","author":"Kallio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2023.105309","article-title":"The multimodal effect of circadian interventions in parkinson's disease: a narrative review","volume":"110","author":"Smilowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Park Relat Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816100-00006","article-title":"Twenty-four-hour blood pressure profile and blood pressure responses to head-up tilt tests in parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy","volume":"16","author":"Plaschke","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01819664","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure in patients with parkinson's disease without and with orthostatic hypotension","volume":"2","author":"Senard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.06.056","article-title":"Association between nocturnal\/supine hypertension and restless legs syndrome in patients with parkinson's disease","volume":"344","author":"Oh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-016-1594-6","article-title":"Predictors of postprandial hypotension in elderly patients with de novo Parkinson's disease","volume":"123","author":"Umehara","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib93","volume":"vol 2011","author":"Sommer","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.10.025","article-title":"Cardiovascular dysautonomia in parkinson disease: from pathophysiology to pathogenesis","volume":"46","author":"Jain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10765","article-title":"The suprachiasmatic nucleus balances sympathetic and parasympathetic output to peripheral organs through separate preautonomic neurons","volume":"464","author":"Buijs","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072661","article-title":"The relationship between thermoregulation and REM sleep behaviour disorder in parkinson's disease","volume":"8","author":"Zhong","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1159\/000119735","article-title":"Circadian variation of core body temperature in parkinson disease patients with depression: a potential biological marker for depression in parkinson disease","volume":"56","author":"Suzuki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-011-9969-y","article-title":"Urinary tract dysfunction in parkinson's disease: a review","volume":"44","author":"Yeo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/nn0410-403","article-title":"Preventing dehydration during sleep","volume":"13","author":"Colwell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2503","article-title":"Central clock excites vasopressin neurons by waking osmosensory afferents during late sleep","volume":"13","author":"Trudel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(84)90323-9","article-title":"Circadian rhythm in rat retinal dopamine","volume":"45","author":"Wirz-Justice","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.08.029","article-title":"Microglia depletion ameliorates neuroinflammation, anxiety-like behavior, and cognitive deficits in a sex-specific manner in Rev-erb\u03b1 knockout mice","volume":"114","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25195","article-title":"Association of tef polymorphism with depression in parkinson disease","volume":"27","author":"Hua","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.1906","article-title":"Light therapy promoting dopamine release by stimulating retina in parkinson disease","volume":"74","author":"Tian","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7982","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64645-6","article-title":"Bright light improves sleep in patients with parkinson's disease: possible role of circadian restoration","volume":"10","author":"Endo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.03.035","article-title":"The effects of bright light therapy on depression and sleep disturbances in patients with parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"83","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5192","article-title":"Timed light therapy for sleep and daytime sleepiness associated with parkinson disease: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Videnovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102474","article-title":"Efficacy of biologically-directed daylight therapy on sleep and circadian rhythm in Parkinson's disease: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled, phase 2 clinical trial","volume":"69","author":"Feigl","year":"2024","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.70009","article-title":"Enlite PD: a randomized clinical trial of light therapy for impaired sleep in parkinson's disease","volume":"40","author":"Videnovic","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318219c171","article-title":"The levels of evidence and their role in evidence-based medicine","volume":"128","author":"Burns","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2011-0072","article-title":"A historical justification for and retrospective analysis of the systematic application of light therapy in parkinson's disease","volume":"23","author":"Willis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib112","series-title":"Blue light therapy glasses in parkinson's disease: patients' experience","author":"Smilowska","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/767105","article-title":"Bright light therapy in Parkinson's disease: an overview of the background and evidence","author":"Rutten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5935\/1984-0063.20200083","article-title":"Melatonin serum level, sleep functions, and depression level after bilateral anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease: a feasibility study","volume":"14","author":"Hadoush","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1145","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007090","article-title":"Bright light therapy for depression in parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"92","author":"Rutten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-019-01214-3","article-title":"Bright light therapy with a head-mounted device for anxiety, depression, sleepiness and fatigue in patients with parkinson's disease","volume":"119","author":"Raymackers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000404","article-title":"Agomelatine for depression in parkinson disease: additional effect on sleep and motor dysfunction","volume":"35","author":"Avila","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.784314","article-title":"Melatonin treatment for sleep disorders in parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27602","volume":"34","author":"Seppi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.638981","article-title":"Melatonin and depression: a translational perspective from animal models to clinical studies","volume":"12","author":"Tonon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2019.1574747","article-title":"Agomelatine for depression: expanding the Horizons?","volume":"20","author":"Norman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expet Opin Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23010305","article-title":"Associations between melatonin, neuroinflammation, and brain alterations in depression","volume":"23","author":"Won","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11537","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.559542","article-title":"Convergence of melatonin and serotonin (5-HT) signaling at MT2\/5-HT2C receptor heteromers","volume":"290","author":"Kamal","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12369","article-title":"Role of the MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors in mediating depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in C3H\/HeN mice","volume":"16","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gene Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881108089871","article-title":"Effect of antidepressants on melatonin metabolite in depressed patients","volume":"23","author":"Carvalho","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.105878","article-title":"Melatonin supplementation and the effects on clinical and metabolic status in parkinson's disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"195","author":"Daneshvar Kakhaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.55.5464","article-title":"Beneficial effects of ramelteon on rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder associated with parkinson's disease - results of a multicenter open trial","volume":"55","author":"Kashihara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2472","article-title":"A pilot randomized controlled trial of sleep therapy in parkinson's disease: effect on patients and caregivers","volume":"25","author":"Leroi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae036","article-title":"Daily light exposure profiles and the association with objective sleep quality in patients with parkinson's disease: the PHASE study","volume":"47","author":"Obayashi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleepe.2024.100100","article-title":"Association between skin temperature and actigraphic sleep metrics in patients with Parkinson's disease: the PHASE study","volume":"4","author":"Tai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib131","volume":"vol 2017","author":"Yang","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12571","article-title":"Effect of health Baduanjin Qigong for mild to moderate parkinson's disease","volume":"16","author":"Xiao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2014.966820","article-title":"Qigong exercise may improve sleep quality and gait performance in parkinson's disease: a pilot study","volume":"125","author":"Wassom","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2020.101384","article-title":"The effects of exercise on sleep quality in persons with parkinson's disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"55","author":"Cristini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03519.x","article-title":"Increasing walking and bright light exposure to improve sleep in community-dwelling persons with alzheimer's disease: results of a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"59","author":"McCurry","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.299.22.2642","article-title":"Effect of bright light and melatonin on cognitive and noncognitive function in elderly residents of group care facilities: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"299","author":"Riemersma-van Der Lek","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01543.x","article-title":"Melatonin and bright-light treatment for rest-activity disruption in institutionalized patients with alzheimer's disease","volume":"56","author":"Dowling","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2013.03.003","article-title":"Doxepin and cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia in patients with parkinson's disease -- a randomized study","volume":"19","author":"Rios","year":"2013","journal-title":"Park Relat Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib139","series-title":"CLOCK 3111T\/C variant correlates with motor fluctuation and sleep disorders in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease","author":"Lou","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21542","article-title":"Bright light therapy in Parkinson's disease: a pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Paus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520701420717","article-title":"Primary and secondary features of Parkinson's disease improve with strategic exposure to bright light: a case series study","volume":"24","author":"Willis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.01.001","article-title":"The effect of light exposure on insomnia and nocturnal movement in Parkinson's disease: an open label, retrospective, longitudinal study","volume":"44","author":"Martino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurot.2025.e00728","article-title":"A double-blind, controlled trial of circadian effective light therapy in patients with parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"Wyman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz203","article-title":"Quantitative associations between objective sleep measures and early-morning mobility in parkinson's disease: cross-sectional analysis of the PHASE study","volume":"43","author":"Kataoka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8454","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1443-08.2008","article-title":"Sleep deprivation decreases binding of [11c]raclopride to dopamine D2\/D3 receptors in the human brain","volume":"28","author":"Volkow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6711","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0045-12.2012","article-title":"Evidence that sleep deprivation downregulates dopamine D2R in ventral striatum in the human brain","volume":"32","author":"Volkow","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S138994572600167X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S138994572600167X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T09:41:20Z","timestamp":1776159680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S138994572600167X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":146,"alternative-id":["S138994572600167X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Circadian disruption and its clinical implications in Parkinson's disease: A Narrative review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108928","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108928"}}