{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T23:46:38Z","timestamp":1782344798265,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017051","name":"College of Medicine, Seoul National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["800-20250267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["800-20250267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1H1A2092329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1H1A2092329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017M3C7A1029688"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017M3C7A1029688"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003621","name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1A2B2012280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1A2B2012280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T15:46:34Z","timestamp":1776354394000},"page":"108968","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical, behavioral, and physiological characteristics of isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients with ambulatory dream enactment behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Su Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Gon","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Ick","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Sang","family":"Sunwoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Won","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Sun","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos H.","family":"Schenck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki-Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.2.293","article-title":"Chronic behavioral disorders of human REM sleep: a new category of parasomnia","volume":"9","author":"Schenck","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-022-01171-0","article-title":"Predictors of RBD progression and conversion to synucleinopathies","volume":"22","author":"de Natale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm056","article-title":"Pathophysiology of REM sleep behaviour disorder and relevance to neurodegenerative disease","volume":"130","author":"Boeve","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00057-0","article-title":"Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder: diagnosis, management, and the need for neuroprotective interventions","volume":"15","author":"Iranzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2364","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207947","article-title":"REM sleep behavior disorder and its possible prodromes in general population","volume":"101","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5332","article-title":"The clinical phenotype of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder at presentation: a Study in 203 consecutive patients","volume":"39","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Arcos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24957","article-title":"REM sleep behavior disorder: motor manifestations and pathophysiology","volume":"27","author":"Arnulf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0143-8","article-title":"Parasomnias: an updated review","volume":"9","author":"Howell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00404.x","article-title":"Analysis of postarousal EEG activity during somnambulistic episodes","volume":"13","author":"Zadra","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5144","article-title":"Pain in sleepwalking: a clinical enigma","volume":"38","author":"Lopez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/23.6.1d","article-title":"Dynamics of slow-wave activity during the NREM sleep of sleepwalkers and control subjects","volume":"23","author":"Gaudreau","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib12","series-title":"International classification of sleep disorders","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib13","first-page":"81","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and phenoconversion in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder: a prospective single-center study in Korea, compared with Montreal cohort","volume":"21","author":"Byun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988708316855","article-title":"Brief screening for mild cognitive impairment in elderly outpatient clinic: validation of the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib15","first-page":"1429","article-title":"The REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire: validation Study of the Korean version (RBDQ-KR)","volume":"13","author":"You","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2004.01.004","article-title":"Development of the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale and its short form among elderly psychiatric patients","volume":"57","author":"Bae","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib17","series-title":"Encycl. Qual. Life Well- res.","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thematic analysis","author":"Braun","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib18","series-title":"AASM Scoring Manual Version 2.2","author":"Quan","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.03.013","article-title":"Continuous REM sleep without atonia quantification improves prediction of phenoconversion to \u03b1-synucleinopathies in isolated REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"129","author":"Noh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.5.724","article-title":"Quantification of electromyographic activity during REM sleep in multiple muscles in REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"31","author":"Frauscher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.06.003","article-title":"Improved computation of the atonia index in normal controls and patients with REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"11","author":"Ferri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib22","unstructured":"T.-G. Noh, J.-I. Byun, E.K.S. Louis, K.-Y. Jung, Basal EMG amplitude in REM and NREM sleep as a predictor of disease progression in Isolated REM sleep behavior disorder, (n.d.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25153","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for disorders of arousal: a video-polysomnographic assessment","volume":"83","author":"Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14096","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of awakenings from slow-wave sleep in non-rapid eye movement parasomnia","volume":"33","author":"Huijben","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.2.331","article-title":"Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder: demographic, clinical and laboratory findings in 93 cases","volume":"123","author":"Olson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.07.022","article-title":"Changing demographics in REM sleep behavior disorder: possible effect of autoimmunity and antidepressants","volume":"12","author":"Ju","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2025.108759","article-title":"Sex differences in the clinical characteristics of possible REM sleep behavior disorder: a community-based study","volume":"203","author":"Yuan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib28","article-title":"Sex differences in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Sleep Med","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib29","first-page":"1193","article-title":"Alternatives to clonazepam in REM behavior disorder treatment","volume":"12","author":"Escrib\u00e1","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27771","article-title":"Rivastigmine-Induced REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in a 88-Year-Old man with alzheimer's disease","volume":"6","author":"Yeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S372823","article-title":"Emotional and environmental factors aggravating dream enactment behaviors in patients with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"14","author":"Jun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0030-y","article-title":"NREM sleep parasomnias as disorders of sleep-state dissociation","volume":"14","author":"Castelnovo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0016-5","article-title":"REM sleep behaviour disorder","volume":"4","author":"Dauvilliers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/psyg.12044","article-title":"Wandering and dementia","volume":"14","author":"Cipriani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychogeriatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3928\/00989134-20100330-05","article-title":"Sleep disturbances in dementia: what they are and what to do","volume":"36","author":"Rose","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gerontol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib36","unstructured":"A. Jith, K.A. Mathew, K. Jain, Nocturnal frontal Lobe epilepsy presenting as sleepwalking : Annals of Indian Psychiatry, (n.d.). https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/aips\/fulltext\/2022\/06040\/nocturnal_frontal_lobe_epilepsy_presenting_as.15.aspx (accessed June 29, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib37","first-page":"108","article-title":"Differentiating parasomnias from nocturnal seizures","volume":"8","author":"Boursoulian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med JCSM Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. Futenma, Y. Inoue, A. Saso, Y. Takaesu, Y. Yamashiro, M. Matsuura, Three cases of parasomnias similar to sleep terrors occurring during sleep-wake transitions from REM sleep, J Clin Sleep Med 18 (n.d.) 669\u2013675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.9666.","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9666"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.10.028","article-title":"A case of a confusional arousal arising from REM sleep","volume":"13","author":"Bhat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy227","article-title":"Abnormal activation of motor cortical network during phasic REM sleep in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"42","author":"Sunwoo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2024.08.004","article-title":"Cortical activation in REM behavior disorder mimics voluntary movement. An electroencephalography study","volume":"166","author":"Manzanilla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2024.07.013","article-title":"Polysomnographic features prior to dream enactment behaviors in isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder","volume":"166","author":"Date","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945726002078?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945726002078?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T22:51:41Z","timestamp":1782341501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945726002078"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S1389945726002078"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical, behavioral, and physiological characteristics of isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder patients with ambulatory dream enactment behaviors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108968","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108968"}}