{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:54:49Z","timestamp":1791089689445,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003169","name":"South China Normal University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003169","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T16:07:56Z","timestamp":1786637276000},"page":"109215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Co-developmental trajectories of bedtime procrastination and sleep disturbance in adolescents: Predictors and mental health implications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"148","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiulian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8129-2115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoxian","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.008","article-title":"Sleep in adolescence: physiology, cognition and mental health","volume":"70","author":"Tarokh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib2","first-page":"637","article-title":"Sleep in adolescents: the perfect storm","volume":"58","author":"Carskadon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatric Clinics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3298","article-title":"Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter?","volume":"37","author":"Buysse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2023.01.006","article-title":"Sleep and mental health problems in children and adolescents","volume":"18","author":"Morales-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.03.007","article-title":"Sleep, emotional and behavioral difficulties in children and adolescents","volume":"16","author":"Gregory","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00611","article-title":"Bedtime procrastination: introducing a new area of procrastination","volume":"5","author":"Kroese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105314540014","article-title":"Bedtime procrastination: a self-regulation perspective on sleep insufficiency in the general population","volume":"21","author":"Kroese","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib8","article-title":"Is bedtime procrastination related to multidimensional sleep health? Evidence from samples of different educational stages (aged 10\u201325) in China","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Psychiatr Hum Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101697","article-title":"Go to bed! A systematic review and meta-analysis of bedtime procrastination correlates and sleep outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"null","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib10","first-page":"3355","article-title":"A longitudinal investigation on the reciprocal relationship of problematic smartphone use with bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and mental health among university students","volume":"17","author":"Cemei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-021-03451-4","article-title":"Longitudinal relationships among problematic mobile phone use, bedtime procrastination, sleep quality and depressive symptoms in Chinese college students: a cross-lagged panel analysis","volume":"21","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.08.033","article-title":"Adolescence: what do transmission, transition, and translation have to do with it?","volume":"67","author":"Casey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x","article-title":"An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling","volume":"2","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Personal Psychol Compass"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-023-01738-1","article-title":"A person-centered investigation into the Co-Development of perceived stress and internalizing symptoms among post-secondary students","volume":"52","author":"Ewing","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13851","article-title":"Co\u2010development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic trait trajectories from childhood to early adulthood","volume":"64","author":"Shakeshaft","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.70.1.6","article-title":"A developmental psychopathology perspective on adolescence","volume":"70","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2021.1931277","article-title":"Pathways to adolescents' health: chronotype, bedtime, sleep quality and mental health","volume":"38","author":"Tokur-Kesgin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.03.025","article-title":"Eveningness chronotype, insomnia symptoms, and emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents","volume":"47","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2018.06.001","article-title":"An update on adolescent sleep: new evidence informing the perfect storm model","volume":"67","author":"Crowley","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2015.06.002","article-title":"Delayed school start times and adolescent sleep: a systematic review of the experimental evidence","volume":"28","author":"Minges","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.02.005","article-title":"The role of self-control in adolescent sleep: evidence from ecological momentary assessment data","author":"Andrade","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.02.007","article-title":"Into the unknown: a review and synthesis of contemporary models involving uncertainty","volume":"39","author":"Carleton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2016.03.010","article-title":"Intolerance of uncertainty and attentional networks: unique associations with alerting","volume":"41","author":"Fergus","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.056","article-title":"Emotion regulation mediates the relation between intolerance of uncertainty and emotion difficulties: a longitudinal investigation","volume":"364","author":"Sahib","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.019","article-title":"The independent relationships between insomnia, depression, subtypes of anxiety, and chronotype during adolescence","volume":"15","author":"Alvaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2024.05.002","article-title":"Parental psychological control and depression, anxiety among adolescents: the mediating role of bedtime procrastination and moderating role of neuroticism","volume":"51","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04416.x","article-title":"The role of sleep in cognition and emotion","volume":"1156","author":"Walker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104780","article-title":"Sleep to Internalizing Pathway in Young Adolescents (SIPYA): a proposed neurodevelopmental model","volume":"140","author":"Akbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.05.006","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying the association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence: implications for behavioral sleep interventions","volume":"63","author":"Blake","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"404","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1988.10478722","article-title":"A Test of missing completely at random for multivariate data with missing values","volume":"83","author":"Little","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2024.107543","article-title":"\u201cWhy don't you go to bed on time\u201d? Parental psychological control and bedtime procrastination among Chinese adolescents","volume":"160","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib32","first-page":"103","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chin J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.15683","article-title":"Clinical management of Insomnia disorder","volume":"318","author":"Buysse","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae013","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and suicidal ideation mediated by psychotic-like experiences in adolescents: a two-wave longitudinal study","volume":"47","author":"Bu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2017.07.003","article-title":"Factor structure of the intolerance of uncertainty scale for children","volume":"53","author":"Cornacchio","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s41811-024-00213-4","article-title":"Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the intolerance of uncertainty Scale (Short form) for children: a validation among 5672 Chinese adolescents","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Cognit Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0191-8869(91)90110-W","article-title":"Horne & \u00d6stberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire: a reduced scale","volume":"12","author":"Adan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8425.2012.00577.x","article-title":"Age-related chronotype differences in Chinese, and reliability assessment of a reduced version of the Chinese morningness eveningness questionnaire","volume":"10","author":"Carciofo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythm"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000003","article-title":"Psychometrically improved, abbreviated versions of three classic measures of impulsivity and self-control","volume":"26","author":"Morean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib40","first-page":"83","article-title":"Reliability and validity of Chinese version of brief self-control scale","volume":"29","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093","article-title":"Validation and standardization of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) in the general population","volume":"46","author":"L\u00f6we","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01541-4","article-title":"Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19","volume":"29","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatr"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E191","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110829","article-title":"Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis","volume":"184","author":"Manea","year":"2012","journal-title":"CMAJ (Can Med Assoc J)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-024-00492-3","article-title":"Analyzing the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 using item response theory in a Chinese adolescent population","volume":"23","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543075003417","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: a meta-analytic review of research","volume":"75","author":"Sirin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Rev Educ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396","article-title":"Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: a Monte Carlo simulation study","volume":"14","author":"Nylund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model: A Multidiscip J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2014.915181","article-title":"Auxiliary variables in mixture modeling: three-step approaches using M plus","volume":"21","author":"Asparouhov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model: A Multidiscip J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2025.08.009","article-title":"State of the science: intolerance of uncertainty","volume":"57","author":"Dugas","year":"2026","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2019.1652753","article-title":"Using mental contrasting with implementation intentions to reduce bedtime procrastination: two randomised trials","volume":"35","author":"Valshtein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14442","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioural therapy for insomnia in the treatment of adolescent insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"34","author":"Galgut","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945726004545?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389945726004545?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T04:23:36Z","timestamp":1791087816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389945726004545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S1389945726004545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-9457"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-9457","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Co-developmental trajectories of bedtime procrastination and sleep disturbance in adolescents: Predictors and mental health implications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.109215","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109215"}}