{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:19:42Z","timestamp":1793377182339,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG056587"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG056587"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine: X"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T23:39:24Z","timestamp":1760571564000},"page":"100158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effectiveness of acupressure at different ear acupoints on Insomnia: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jingyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Castelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aomei","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Kawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hulin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Christo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia M.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Thrul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constance M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3820-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Lukkahatai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib1","series-title":"International classification of diseases","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2022.03.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of insomnia: prevalence, course, risk factors, and public health burden","volume":"17","author":"Morin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep medicine clinics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0439-z","article-title":"Sleep deficiency and chronic pain: potential underlying mechanisms and clinical implications","volume":"45","author":"Haack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-023-01115-4","article-title":"Sleep as a therapeutic target for pain management","volume":"27","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnae003","article-title":"Relationship between insomnia and pain in patients with chronic orofacial pain","volume":"25","author":"Alessandri-Bonetti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17448069231210648","article-title":"The pace of biological aging helps explain the association between insomnia and chronic low back pain","volume":"19","author":"Aroke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8988","article-title":"Behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia disorder in adults: an American academy of sleep medicine systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment","volume":"17","author":"Edinger","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2023.5060","article-title":"Components and delivery formats of cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia in adults","volume":"81","author":"Furukawa","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib9","first-page":"307","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic treatment of chronic insomnia in adults: an American academy of sleep medicine clinical practice guideline","volume":"13","author":"Sateia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med : JCSM : Off Publ Am Acad Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14443-8","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-related problems and risks in a community-dwelling older adult population: a cross-sectional survey-based study","volume":"22","author":"Gordon","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00021-6","article-title":"The neurobiology, investigation, and treatment of chronic insomnia","volume":"14","author":"Riemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.explore.2021.11.010","article-title":"The effect of acupressure on sleep quality of older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Dincer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Explore"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib13","article-title":"Auricular acupressure for insomnia in women with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"104","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frsle.2024.1323967","article-title":"Effectiveness of applying auricular acupressure to treat insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Jun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-019-4016-x","article-title":"A prospective randomized controlled study of auricular point acupressure to manage chronic low back pain in older adults: study protocol","volume":"21","author":"Yeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnaf035","article-title":"Auricular point acupressure for older adults with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"26","author":"Kawi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.827749","article-title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation modulates the prefrontal cortex in chronic insomnia patients: fMRI study in the first session","volume":"13","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the insomnia severity index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1842-3","article-title":"PROMIS\u00ae-29 v2.0 profile physical and mental health summary scores","volume":"27","author":"Hays","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Life Res: Int J Qual Life Aspect Treat Care Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0000000000001193","article-title":"The effects of self-acupressure on pain, fatigue, and sleep quality in colon and pancreatic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a randomized controlled study","volume":"46","author":"Bahcecioglu Turan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20031705","article-title":"The effects of auricular acupressure on low back pain, neuropathy and sleep in patients with Persistent Spinal Pain Syndrome (PSPS): a single-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2022.11.004","article-title":"Biological correlates of the effects of auricular point acupressure on pain","volume":"24","author":"Yeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/103570","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory actions of auricular point acupressure for chronic low back pain","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/15347354241300068","article-title":"Understanding placebo and nocebo responses based on a randomized sham-controlled study on acupuncture in integrative cancer care","volume":"23","author":"Efverman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Integr Cancer Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1515\/sjpain-2019-0183","article-title":"Can insights from placebo and nocebo mechanisms studies improve the randomized controlled trial?","volume":"20","author":"Vase","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J pain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad049","article-title":"The gut-brain-sleep connection in older adults: what do we learn from the microbiome?","volume":"78","author":"Mueller","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib27","series-title":"Auriculotherapy manual: chinese and western systems of ear acupuncture","author":"Oleson","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1343413","article-title":"Effects of multisession prefrontal cortex tDCS or taVNS on stress, perceived stress and sleep quality: a double-blind, randomized controlled study","volume":"15","author":"Dos Reis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.05.019","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the sleep condition indicator and insomnia severity index in the evaluation of insomnia disorder","volume":"33","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.08.001","article-title":"Multidimensionality of the PROMIS sleep disturbance 8b short form in working adult populations","volume":"9","author":"Brossoit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad039","article-title":"Associations between self-reported sleep patterns and health, cognition and amyloid measures: results from the Wisconsin registry for Alzheimer's prevention","volume":"5","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-196","article-title":"Detecting insomnia in patients with low back pain: accuracy of four self-report sleep measures","volume":"14","author":"Alsaadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet Disord"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine: X"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590142725000217?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2590142725000217?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T22:10:21Z","timestamp":1773180621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2590142725000217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S2590142725000217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158","relation":{},"ISSN":["2590-1427"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2590-1427","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of acupressure at different ear acupoints on Insomnia: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine: X","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleepx.2025.100158","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100158"}}