{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T08:06:24Z","timestamp":1768723584913,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018487","name":"Maryland Population Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018487","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sleephealthjournal.org","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T21:27:36Z","timestamp":1727213256000},"page":"643-650","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Employment, income, and sleep in South Africa: An actor-partner interdependence model approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6867-662X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seung Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6216-3612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangeetha","family":"Madhavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.05.041","article-title":"Short and long sleep are positively associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease among adults in the United States","volume":"71","author":"Buxton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2014.12.010","article-title":"National Sleep Foundation\u2019s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary","volume":"1","author":"Hirshkowitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-021-02458-1","article-title":"Sleep duration and health outcomes: an umbrella review","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2021.101042","article-title":"Unemployment and sleep: evidence from the United States and Europe","volume":"43","author":"Blanchflower","year":"2021","journal-title":"Econ Hum Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3508","article-title":"Sleep symptoms, race\/ethnicity, and socioeconomic position","volume":"37","author":"Whinnery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122412472048","article-title":"Gender and time for sleep among U.S. adults","volume":"78","author":"Burgard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12488","article-title":"Gender equality and restless sleep among partnered Europeans","volume":"80","author":"Maume","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146512446642","article-title":"Family relationships and troubled sleep among U.S. adults: examining the influences of contact frequency and relationship quality","volume":"53","author":"Ailshire","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws308","article-title":"Sleeping at the limits: the changing prevalence of short and long sleep durations in 10 countries","volume":"177","author":"Bin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650905000407","article-title":"Putting work to bed: stressful experiences on the job and sleep quality","volume":"50","author":"Burgard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146515594631","article-title":"Marriage, relationship quality, and sleep among U.S. older adults","volume":"56","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2009.10.006","article-title":"Who gets the best sleep? Ethnic and socioeconomic factors related to sleep disturbance","volume":"11","author":"Grandner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2017.10.009","article-title":"Covariation in couples' nightly sleep and gender differences","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2018.12.002","article-title":"Relative concerns and sleep behavior","volume":"33","author":"Akay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Economics & Human Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib15","series-title":"The Long Shadow of Informality: Challenges and Policies","author":"Ohnsorge","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.10.016","article-title":"Gender and socio-economic patterning of self-reported sleep problems in Britain","volume":"68","author":"Arber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1177\/00221465231167838","article-title":"How social roles affect sleep health during midlife","volume":"64","author":"Frazier","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1177\/0891243210386949","article-title":"Gender, work-family responsibilities, and sleep","volume":"24","author":"Maume","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gend Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib19","first-page":"1","article-title":"Parents\u2019 sleep across weekdays and weekends: the influence of work, housework, and childcare time","volume":"0","author":"Ruppanner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Fam Issues"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1080\/21582041.2022.2033305","article-title":"Restless sleep and emotional wellbeing among European full-time dual-earner couples: gendered impacts of children and workplace demands","volume":"17","author":"Tan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Contemp Soc Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.08.021","article-title":"Social disparities in sleep health of African populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","author":"Sosso","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib22","unstructured":"Statistics South Africa (STATS SA) (2023). Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) Q1:2023. Available at: https:\/\/www.statssa.gov.za\/publications\/P0211\/Presentation%20QLFS%20Q1%202023.pdf. Accessed May 31, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib23","series-title":"Baba: Men and Fatherhood in South Africa","first-page":"99","article-title":"Fathers without Amandla: Zulu-speaking men and fatherhood","author":"Hunter","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib24","series-title":"Baba: Men and Fatherhood in South Africa","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib25","series-title":"Love in the Time of AIDS: Inequality, Gender, and Rights in South Africa","author":"Hunter","year":"2010"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/13545701.2011.614954","article-title":"Gender and work in South Africa: what can time-use data reveal?","volume":"17","author":"Floro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Fem Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35584-0","article-title":"Associations between sleep parameters, non-communicable diseases, HIV status and medications in older, rural South Africans","volume":"8","author":"G\u00f3mez-Oliv\u00e9","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2018.08.005","article-title":"Associations between long self-reported sleep, obesity and insulin resistance in a cohort of premenopausal Black and White South African women","volume":"4","author":"Rae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.12.003","article-title":"Perceived neighborhood safety and sleep quality: a global analysis of six countries","volume":"18","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.1.37","article-title":"Trends in the prevalence of short sleepers in the USA: 1975-2006","volume":"33","author":"Knutson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12658","article-title":"Shift work with and without night work as a risk factor for fatigue and changes in sleep length: A cohort study with linkage to records on daily working hours","volume":"28","author":"H\u00e4rm\u00e4","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.07.096","article-title":"Short sleep duration across income, education, and race\/ethnic groups: population prevalence and growing disparities during 34 years of follow-up","volume":"17","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.econmod.2005.10.011","article-title":"The demand for sleep: a South African study","volume":"23","author":"Szalontai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Econ Model"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/89.4.1189","article-title":"The needs of others: gender and sleep interruptions for caregivers","volume":"89","author":"Burgard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc Forces"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2020.1721501","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and sleep among couples","volume":"19","author":"Saini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"299","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2307\/2228949","article-title":"A theory of the allocation of time","volume":"75","author":"Becker","year":"1965","journal-title":"Econ J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2021.101428","article-title":"Sleep and social relationships in healthy populations: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Gordon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.11.003","article-title":"Nightly sleep-wake concordance and daily marital interactions","volume":"7","author":"Gunn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib39","article-title":"Yours, mine, or ours? Dyadic sleep hygiene and associations with sleep quality, emotional distress, and conflict frequency in mixed-gender, bed-sharing couples","volume":"33","author":"Novak","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122410365307","article-title":"Reinforcing separate spheres: the effect of spousal overwork on men\u2019s and women\u2019s employment in dual-earner households","volume":"75","author":"Cha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am Sociol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12351","article-title":"Women\u2019s housework: new tests of time and money","volume":"79","author":"Hook","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2016.03.007","article-title":"Tethered lives: a couple-based perspective on the consequences of parenthood for time use, occupation, and wages","volume":"60","author":"Killewald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1177\/00380385030374004","article-title":"Sleepers wake! The gendered nature of sleep disruption among mid-life women","volume":"37","author":"Hislop","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sociology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/01650250444000405","article-title":"The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model: a model of bidirectional effects in developmental studies","volume":"29","author":"Cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-013-0550-1","article-title":"Gender difference in sleep problems: focused on time use in daily life of Korea","volume":"119","author":"Cha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib46","series-title":"The Second Shift: Working Families and the Revolution at Home","author":"Hochschild","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rubiano Matulevich EC, Viollaz M. Gender differences in time use: allocating time between the market and the household. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 8981; 2019.","DOI":"10.1596\/1813-9450-8981"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1177\/08912432221079664","article-title":"Revisiting the gender revolution: time on paid work, domestic work, and total work in East Asian and Western societies 1985\u20132016","volume":"36","author":"Kan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gend Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2011.00867.x","article-title":"Unemployment in families: the case of housework","volume":"73","author":"Gough","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Marriage Fam"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib50","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Sleep and Sleep Disorders","first-page":"223","article-title":"Sleep and society (Chapter 11)","author":"Arber","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006_bib51","series-title":"The Tolls of Uncertainty: How Privilege and Guilt Gap Shape Unemployment in America","author":"Damaske","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Sleep Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352721824001657?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352721824001657?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,18]],"date-time":"2025-04-18T07:21:52Z","timestamp":1744960912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352721824001657"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2352721824001657"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-7218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-7218","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Employment, income, and sleep in South Africa: An actor-partner interdependence model approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.07.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of National Sleep Foundation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}