{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:18:58Z","timestamp":1785777538524,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012020","name":"Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012020","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008734","name":"Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Welfare Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008734","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019386","name":"YKK AP Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25461393"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25461393"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H03903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H03903"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18H06396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H06396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K15899"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K15899"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25860447"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25860447"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K21475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K21475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15H04776"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H04776"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22790567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22790567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24790774"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24790774"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15H04777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H04777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16K09478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16K09478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K17310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K17310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K10476"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K10476"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017645","name":"Ushio Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017645","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012627","name":"Japan Diabetes Foundation Inc","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005928","name":"Daiwa Securities Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008927","name":"Osaka Gas Group Welfare Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008927","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005782","name":"Nara Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007449","name":"Takeda Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007449","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008882","name":"Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008882","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","sleephealthjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T11:26:06Z","timestamp":1754997966000},"page":"908-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between before-bedtime hot-tub bathing and sleep quality in real-life settings among community-dwelling older adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-113X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Tai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Obayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Yamagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-022-00278-0","article-title":"A review of Japanese-style bathing: its demerits and merits","volume":"41","author":"Tochihara","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Physiol Anthropol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2019.1675685","article-title":"Association between timing of hot water bathing before bedtime and night-\/sleep-time blood pressure and dipping in the elderly: a longitudinal analysis for repeated measurements in home settings","volume":"36","author":"Tai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib3","first-page":"53","article-title":"Culture and long-term care: the bath as social service in Japan","volume":"5","author":"Traphagan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Care Manag J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20210471","article-title":"Association between before-bedtime passive body heating and nocturia during the cold season among older adults","volume":"33","author":"Tai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2021.06.010","article-title":"Association between passive body heating by hot water bathing before bedtime and depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"30","author":"Tai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib6","first-page":"67","article-title":"The association between tub-bathing frequency and the incidence of depressive symptoms among older people in Japan: JAGES longitudinal study","volume":"40","author":"Yagi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Jpn J Health Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2019-315752","article-title":"Habitual tub bathing and risks of incident coronary heart disease and stroke","volume":"106","author":"Ukai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R741","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.3.R741","article-title":"Functional link between distal vasodilation and sleep-onset latency?","volume":"278","author":"Kr\u00e4uchi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.07.001","article-title":"The thermophysiological cascade leading to sleep initiation in relation to phase of entrainment","volume":"11","author":"Kr\u00e4uchi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"6748","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/43366","article-title":"Warm feet promote the rapid onset of sleep","volume":"401","author":"Kr\u00e4uchi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199009000-00027","article-title":"Skin-surface temperature gradients correlate with fingertip blood flow in humans","volume":"73","author":"Rubinstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/23.4.1d","article-title":"Core body temperature is elevated during constant wakefulness in elderly poor sleepers","volume":"23","author":"Lushington","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.05.054","article-title":"A neuronal hub binding sleep initiation and body cooling in response to a warm external stimulus","volume":"28","author":"Harding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00336","article-title":"The temperature dependence of sleep","volume":"13","author":"Harding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.7.1255","article-title":"Meta-analysis of quantitative sleep parameters from childhood to old age in healthy individuals: developing normative sleep values across the human lifespan","volume":"27","author":"Ohayon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.09.001","article-title":"Sleep in normal aging","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1998.84.4.1323","article-title":"Age alters the cardiovascular response to direct passive heating","volume":"84","author":"Minson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/11.2.210","article-title":"Passive body heating and sleep: influence of proximity to sleep","volume":"11","author":"Bunnell","year":"1988","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1990.tb01976.x","article-title":"The effect of afternoon body heating on body temperature and slow wave sleep","volume":"27","author":"Jordan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm315","article-title":"Skin deep: enhanced sleep depth by cutaneous temperature manipulation","volume":"131","author":"Raymann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.04.008","article-title":"Before-bedtime passive body heating by warm shower or bath to improve sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Haghayegh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4123","article-title":"Ambient light exposure and changes in obesity parameters: a longitudinal study of the HEIJO-KYO cohort","volume":"101","author":"Obayashi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib23","article-title":"Associations between indoor light pollution and unhealthy outcomes in 2,947 adults: cross-sectional analysis in the HEIJO-KYO cohort","volume":"215","author":"Obayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.5.461","article-title":"Automatic sleep\/wake identification from wrist activity","volume":"15","author":"Cole","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2041-210X.2011.00125.x","article-title":"Guidelines for estimating repeatability","volume":"3","author":"Wolak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","article-title":"lmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2006.09.008","article-title":"Skin temperature and sleep-onset latency: changes with age and insomnia","volume":"90","author":"Raymann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9180","article-title":"Hot-water bathing before bedtime and shorter sleep onset latency are accompanied by a higher distal-proximal skin temperature gradient in older adults","volume":"17","author":"Tai","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1141","article-title":"ThermoTRP channels and beyond: mechanisms of temperature sensation","volume":"4","author":"Patapoutian","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib31","article-title":"Effects of exercise on sleep quality and insomnia in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"7","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2021.09.035","article-title":"A network meta-analysis of the long- and short-term efficacy of sleep medicines in adults and older adults","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-014-0541-x","article-title":"Microvascular dysfunction in the context of diabetic neuropathy","volume":"14","author":"Stirban","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Diabetes Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleepe.2024.100100","article-title":"Association between skin temperature and actigraphic sleep metrics in patients with Parkinson's disease: the PHASE study","volume":"4","author":"Tai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9276","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05344-2","article-title":"Cold feet and prolonged sleep-onset latency in vasospastic syndrome","volume":"358","author":"Pache","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20220215","article-title":"Combined use of sleep quality and duration is more closely associated with mortality risk among older adults: a population-based Kyoto-Kameoka prospective cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Watanabe","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib37","unstructured":"Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. National health and nutrition survey. Available at: https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/bunya\/kenkou\/eiyou\/h22-houkoku.html. Accessed May 1, 2024; 2010."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.10.001","article-title":"The role and validity of actigraphy in sleep medicine: an update","volume":"15","author":"Sadeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"}],"container-title":["Sleep Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352721825001597?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352721825001597?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:47:14Z","timestamp":1780386434000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352721825001597"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2352721825001597"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-7218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-7218","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Association between before-bedtime hot-tub bathing and sleep quality in real-life settings among community-dwelling older adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleh.2025.07.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 National Sleep Foundation. Published by ELSEVIER INC. on behalf of National Sleep Foundation. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}