{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T20:46:33Z","timestamp":1791751593589,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HL082610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HL082610"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1AG05631"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1AG05631"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","sleephealthjournal.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T11:34:03Z","timestamp":1791632043000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Self-reported sleep health is more than a combination of multiple objective sleep measures"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8863-3352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy N.","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Kuzemchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3288-1864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Buysse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel P.","family":"Kolko Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3951-890X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meredith L.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4106","article-title":"Subjective sleep characteristics associated with anxiety and depression in older adults: a population-based study","volume":"29","author":"Potvin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.01.011","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the relationship between subjective sleep and depressive symptoms in adolescence","volume":"79","author":"O'Callaghan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad258","article-title":"Multidimensional sleep health problems across middle and older adulthood predict early mortality","volume":"79","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser A"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zpac005","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpac005","article-title":"Cardiovascular risks and sociodemographic correlates of multidimensional sleep phenotypes in two samples of US adults","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.08.014","article-title":"The interplay between sleep and mood in predicting academic functioning, physical health and psychological health: a longitudinal study","volume":"74","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.06.010","article-title":"Sleep disturbances increase the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"S3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz70857_103902","article-title":"Subjective sleep characteristics and cognitive impairment from ages 60 to 90+: a pooled analysis of four prospective cohorts","volume":"21","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimer's Dement"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.08.008","article-title":"Sleep in adolescence: physiology, cognition and mental health","volume":"70","author":"Tarokh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3298","article-title":"Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter?","volume":"37","author":"Buysse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.09.008","article-title":"Toward a multi-lingual diagnostic tool for the worldwide problem of sleep health: the French RU-SATED validation","volume":"143","author":"Coelho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2022.02.014","article-title":"The validity and reliability of the Japanese version of RU-SATED","volume":"91","author":"Furihata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2025.2542297","article-title":"Rested and connected: an exploration of sleep health, insomnia symptoms, and loneliness across the adult lifespan","volume":"23","author":"Nielson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.11.005","article-title":"Multidimensional sleep health and cognitive function across adulthood","volume":"11","author":"Calfee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-019-02007-x","article-title":"The association between physical activity and a composite measure of sleep health","volume":"24","author":"Kubala","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae067.0236","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the Ru-SATED 4.0 multidimensional sleep health scale in a representative U.S. sample","author":"Conlon","year":"2024","journal-title":"SLEEP"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.03.002","article-title":"Six multidimensional sleep health facets in older adults identified with factor analysis of actigraphy: results from the Einstein Aging Study","volume":"9","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsx189","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx189","article-title":"Which sleep health characteristics predict all-cause mortality in older men? An application of flexible multivariable approaches","volume":"41","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsaa181","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa181","article-title":"Multidimensional sleep health domains in older men and women: an actigraphy factor analysis","volume":"44","author":"Wallace","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.3390\/s22072605","article-title":"Performance evaluation of a smart bed technology against polysomnography","volume":"22","author":"Siyahjani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-07336-4","article-title":"Validating a smart bed against polysomnography for sleep apnea detection","volume":"15","author":"Siyahjani","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2024.02.007","article-title":"State of the science: the transdiagnostic intervention for sleep and circadian dysfunction","volume":"55","author":"Harvey","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.3006","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia comorbid with psychiatric and medical conditions: a meta-analysis","volume":"175","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12220","article-title":"Subjective\u2013objective sleep discrepancy among older adults: associations with insomnia diagnosis and insomnia treatment","volume":"24","author":"Kay","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.01.002","article-title":"Paradoxical insomnia and subjective\u2013objective sleep discrepancy: a review","volume":"40","author":"Rezaie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025730","article-title":"(Mis) perception of sleep in insomnia: a puzzle and a resolution","volume":"138","author":"Harvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988717731827","article-title":"Subjective-objective sleep discrepancy in older adults with MCI and subsyndromal depression","volume":"30","author":"DiNapoli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13463","article-title":"Subjective and objective sleep in young people with borderline personality disorder features","volume":"31","author":"Jenkins","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2016.00181","article-title":"Mood influences the concordance of subjective and objective measures of sleep duration in older adults","volume":"8","author":"Baillet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001060","article-title":"Age trends in actigraphy and self-report sleep across the life span: findings from the Pittsburgh lifespan sleep databank","volume":"84","author":"Wallace","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbt030","article-title":"Sleep discrepancy, sleep complaint, and poor sleep among older adults","volume":"68","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib31","first-page":"P182","article-title":"Sleep complaints, subjective and objective sleep patterns, health, psychological adjustment, and daytime functioning in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"60","author":"McCrae","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser B Psychol Sci Social Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib32","series-title":"2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","article-title":"Ballistocardiography\u2014a method worth revisiting","author":"Giovangrandi","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.7.2.268","article-title":"Ballistocardiography: an appraisal of technic, physiologic principles, and clinical value","volume":"7","author":"Gubner","year":"1953","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxx015","article-title":"Covariate adjusted classification trees","volume":"19","author":"Asafu-Adjei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402","article-title":"Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: a general linear approach","volume":"2","author":"Friston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.2016.1154108","article-title":"The ASA Statement on p-values: context, process, and purpose","volume":"70","author":"Wasserstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.9440","article-title":"Multiple comparison procedures","volume":"312","author":"Cao","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1990.10475687","article-title":"A property of well-formulated polynomial regression models","volume":"44","author":"Peixoto","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1198\/106186006X133933","article-title":"Unbiased recursive partitioning: a conditional inference framework","volume":"15","author":"Hothorn","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Comput Graph Stat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib40","unstructured":"Hothorn T., Hornik K., Zeileis A. ctree: conditional inference trees. The comprehensive R archive network, 2015. 8: 1-34."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-024-10395-8","article-title":"Forward stability and model path selection","volume":"34","author":"Kissel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stat Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjem.2018.08.001","article-title":"User's guide to correlation coefficients","volume":"18","author":"Akoglu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2026.108941","article-title":"Concordance of wearable device sleep metrics with patient-reported sleep quality: a systematic review","volume":"144","author":"Srivali","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113800","article-title":"Beyond single sleep measures: a composite measure of sleep health and its associations with psychological and physical well-being in adulthood","volume":"274","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.10.019","article-title":"Sleep and circadian rhythm profiles in seasonal depression","volume":"156","author":"Wescott","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz044","article-title":"Multidimensional sleep and mortality in older adults: a machine-learning comparison with other risk factors","volume":"74","author":"Wallace","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5943","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-56668-0","article-title":"Objective sleep quality predicts subjective sleep ratings","volume":"14","author":"Pierson-Bartel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1177\/08919887251403581","article-title":"Cognitive function and insomnia symptoms are associated with subjective-objective sleep discrepancies in older adults without dementia","volume":"39","author":"Calderon","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9708","article-title":"Investigating the relationship between objective measures of sleep and self-report sleep quality in healthy adults: a review","volume":"18","author":"Cudney","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbae074","article-title":"Subjective\u2013objective sleep discrepancy in a predominately white and educated older adult population: examining the associations with cognition and insomnia","volume":"79","author":"Musich","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Gerontol Ser B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13805","article-title":"Objective and subjective sleep health in adolescence: associations with puberty and affect","volume":"32","author":"Kirshenbaum","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2016","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002901","article-title":"Relationship, differences, and agreement between objective and subjective sleep measures in chronic spinal pain patients with comorbid insomnia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"164","author":"Bilterys","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2024.03.005","article-title":"Comparing patients treated with CBT for insomnia with healthy sleepers and sleepers with past insomnia on dimensions of sleep health","volume":"10","author":"Lau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3142","article-title":"Measuring sleep: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of wrist actigraphy compared to polysomnography","volume":"36","author":"Marino","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["Sleep Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352721826002354?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352721826002354?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T20:05:24Z","timestamp":1791749124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352721826002354"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S2352721826002354"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-7218"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-7218","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Self-reported sleep health is more than a combination of multiple objective sleep measures","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleh.2026.09.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of National Sleep Foundation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}