{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T07:08:56Z","timestamp":1778742536029,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sports Medicine and Health Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,27]],"date-time":"2022-03-27T12:00:53Z","timestamp":1648382453000},"page":"75-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Match and training injury incidence in rugby league: A systematic review, pooled analysis, and update on published studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0135-0937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doug","family":"A. King","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"N. Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patria","family":"A. Hume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Hind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.2165\/11319740-000000000-00000","article-title":"Match and training injuries in rugby league: a review of published studies","volume":"40","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Injuries in the New Zealand semi-professional rugby league competition","volume":"36","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib3","first-page":"147","article-title":"Physical collisions and injury rates in professional super league rugby, the demands of different player positions","volume":"4","author":"Gissane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clev Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1993.tb137863.x","article-title":"Football injuries in Australia at the elite level","volume":"159","author":"Seward","year":"1993","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200434120-00004","article-title":"Incidence of injury in junior and senior rugby league players","volume":"34","author":"Gabbett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410400023381","article-title":"Science of rugby league football: a review","volume":"23","author":"Gabbett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sports Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib7","author":"Raftery","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.37.1.36","article-title":"Incidence of injury in semi-professional rugby league players","volume":"37","author":"Gabbett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.32.2.144","article-title":"Effects of seasonal change in rugby league on the incidence of injury","volume":"32","author":"Hodgson Phillips","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410310001641638","article-title":"Influence of training and match intensity on injuries in rugby league","volume":"22","author":"Gabbett","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sports Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200232030-00004","article-title":"A\u00a0pooled data analysis of injury incidence in rugby league football","volume":"32","author":"Gissane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.1.1","article-title":"Traditional reviews, meta-analyses and pooled analyses in epidemiology","volume":"28","author":"Blettner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqh049","article-title":"Meta-analysis in occupational epidemiology: a review of practice","volume":"54","author":"McElvenny","year":"2004","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib14","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Data pooling in occupational studies","volume":"33","author":"Checkoway","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Occup Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.53.12.793","article-title":"Application of meta-analysis in reviewing occupational cohort studies","volume":"53","author":"Wong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e318261cace","article-title":"Time-loss injuries versus non-time-loss injuries in the first team rugby league football: a pooled data analysis","volume":"22","author":"Gissane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-016-0576-z","article-title":"Semi-professional rugby league players have higher concussion risk than professional or amateur participants: a pooled analysis","volume":"47","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1260\/1747-9541.9.2.417","article-title":"The incidence of match and training injuries in rugby league: a pooled analysis of published studies","volume":"9","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Sports Sci Coach"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib19","series-title":"Critical Apprasial of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials","author":"Elwood","year":"2007"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117324","article-title":"Meta-analysis\/Shmeta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"Shapiro","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib21","first-page":"56","article-title":"Analysis of injury rates and treatment patterns for time-loss and non-time-loss injuries among collegiate student athletes","volume":"39","author":"Powell","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Athl Train"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib22","first-page":"395","article-title":"Time-loss and non-time-loss injuries in youth football players","volume":"42","author":"Dompier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Athl Train"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199307000-00004","article-title":"Methods for pooled analyses of epidemiologic studies","volume":"4","author":"Friedenreich","year":"1993","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.1.1","article-title":"Traditional reviews, meta-analyses and pooled analyses in epidemiology","volume":"28","author":"Blettner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50119","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050119","article-title":"Friends and symptom dimensions in patients with psychosis: a pooled analysis","volume":"7","author":"Giacco","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2021.03.001","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"134","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.15.2008","article-title":"Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group","volume":"283","author":"Stroup","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","article-title":"The Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement. Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"61","author":"von Elm","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.006","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies on the prevalence of fractures in coeliac disease","volume":"40","author":"Olmos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2015.03.007","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of injuries in elite Australian junior rugby league players","volume":"19","author":"Orr","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2020.09.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of injuries in Australian junior rugby league players","volume":"24","author":"Orr","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib32","first-page":"295","article-title":"Time-loss injuries in sub-elite and emerging rugby league players","volume":"16","author":"Booth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sports Sci Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636060-00001","article-title":"The influence of methodological issues on the results and conclusions from epidemiological studies of sports injuries: illustrative examples","volume":"36","author":"Brooks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.12.001","article-title":"Epidemiological studies of injuries in rugby league: suggestions for definitions, data collection and reporting methods","volume":"12","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0078-1","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of injuries in senior men's professional rugby union","volume":"43","author":"Williams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093684","article-title":"Systematic review of rugby injuries in children and adolescents under 21 years","volume":"49","author":"Freitag","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01151-4","article-title":"Match and training injuries in women's rugby union: a systematic review of published studies","volume":"49","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659602400419","article-title":"Is prevention of sports injuries a realistic goal? A four-year prospective investigation of sports injuries among physical education students","volume":"24","author":"Twellaar","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.06.003","article-title":"Incidence of injury in junior rugby league players over four competitive seasons","volume":"11","author":"Gabbett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib40","first-page":"21","article-title":"Incidence of injuries in the 2005 New Zealand national junior rugby league competition","volume":"34","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.06.069","article-title":"Use of the King-Devick test for sideline concussion screening in junior rugby league","volume":"357","author":"King","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1980.tb77020.x","article-title":"Rugby league football injuries over two competitive seasons","volume":"2","author":"Alexander","year":"1980","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib43","first-page":"66","article-title":"Injuries in New Zealand amateur rugby league matches by positional groups","volume":"44","author":"Cummins","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.34.2.98","article-title":"Incidence, site, and nature of injuries in amateur rugby league over three consecutive seasons","volume":"34","author":"Gabbett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.36.1.23","article-title":"Incidence of injury in amateur rugby league sevens","volume":"36","author":"Gabbett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib46","first-page":"18","article-title":"Injuries in a national women's rugby league tournament: an initial investigation","volume":"34","author":"King","year":"2007","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2005.09.001","article-title":"Incidence of injuries in the New Zealand national rugby league sevens tournament","volume":"9","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib48","first-page":"16","article-title":"Amateur rugby league match injuries in New Zealand","volume":"36","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181a7c6b0","article-title":"Injuries in amateur rugby league matches in New Zealand: a comparison between a division one and a division two premier grade teams","volume":"19","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib50","first-page":"1026","article-title":"Concussion incidence for two levels of senior amateur rugby league in New Zealand, 2008-2011","volume":"3","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sports Med Rehabil J"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2012.05.049","article-title":"Use of a rapid visual screening tool for the assessment of concussion in amateur rugby league: a pilot study","volume":"320","author":"King","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.02.035","article-title":"The King-Devick test was useful in management of concussion in amateur rugby union and rugby league in New Zealand","volume":"351","author":"King","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib53","first-page":"48","article-title":"Injuries in amateur representative rugby league over three years","volume":"39","author":"King","year":"2012","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1080\/02640414.2018.1547100","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of injury in under-19 academy level rugby league match play: a single season prospective cohort study","volume":"37","author":"Tee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sports Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib55","first-page":"749","article-title":"Influence of playing position on the site, nature, and cause of rugby league injuries","volume":"19","author":"Gabbett","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Strength Condit Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(04)80029-X","article-title":"Influence of injuries on team playing performance in rugby league","volume":"7","author":"Gabbett","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib57","first-page":"95","article-title":"Frequency of injuries in different age-groups in an elite rugby league club","volume":"27","author":"Estell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Aust J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504268407","article-title":"Risk factors for injury in subelite rugby league players","volume":"33","author":"Gabbett","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.08.012","article-title":"A\u00a0three-year epidemiological prospective cohort study of rugby league match injuries from the European Super League","volume":"21","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659302100510","article-title":"Injuries in professional rugby league. A three-year prospective study of the South Sydney professional rugby league football club","volume":"21","author":"Gibbs","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310063501","article-title":"Injury rates in rugby league football: impact of change in playing season","volume":"31","author":"Gissane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.32.2.149","article-title":"Injury in summer rugby league football: the experiences of one club","volume":"32","author":"Gissane","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqg103","article-title":"Health and safety implications of injury in professional rugby league football","volume":"53","author":"Gissane","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib64","first-page":"305","article-title":"Incidence of injury in rugby league football","volume":"79","author":"Gissane","year":"1993","journal-title":"Physio"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/00042752-200607000-00004","article-title":"An analysis of injury rates after the seasonal change in rugby league","volume":"16","author":"Hodgson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib66","first-page":"19","article-title":"Rugby league injuries at state of origin level","volume":"27","author":"Orchard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sport Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib67","first-page":"304576","article-title":"The incidence of concussion in a professional Australian rugby league team, 1998-2012","volume":"2013","author":"Savage","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.30.4.331","article-title":"Injury in rugby league: a four year prospective survey","volume":"30","author":"Stephenson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib69","first-page":"26","article-title":"Incidence of training injuries in a New Zealand amateur rugby league team over three consecutive years","volume":"25","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Aust Strength Cond"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2007.04.011","article-title":"Training injuries in New Zealand amateur rugby league players","volume":"11","author":"King","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib71","first-page":"236","article-title":"Training injuries in rugby league: an evaluation of skill-based conditioning games","volume":"16","author":"Gabbett","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Strength Condit Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2003.008391","article-title":"Reductions in pre-season training loads reduce training injury rates in rugby league players","volume":"38","author":"Gabbett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410701215066","article-title":"Relationships between training load, injury, and fitness in sub-elite collision sport athletes","volume":"25","author":"Gabbett","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sports Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181ddad65","article-title":"Training injuries in professional rugby league","volume":"24","author":"Gabbett","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Strength Condit Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181ddafff","article-title":"Training loads and incidence of injury during the preseason in professional rugby league players","volume":"24","author":"Killen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Strength Condit Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181f19da4","article-title":"The development and application of an injury prediction model for noncontact, soft-tissue injuries in elite collision sport athletes","volume":"24","author":"Gabbett","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Strength Condit Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2011.01.002","article-title":"Physical collisions and injury in professional rugby league match-play","volume":"14","author":"Gabbett","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1123\/ijspp.2015-0406","article-title":"The relationship between match-play characteristics of elite rugby league and indirect markers of muscle damage","volume":"11","author":"Oxendale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sports Physiol Perform"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib79","first-page":"435","article-title":"The effect of player positional groups on the nature of tackles that result in tackle-related injuries in professional rugby league matches","volume":"51","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sports Med Phys Fit"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1080\/15438627.2012.660824","article-title":"Nature of tackles that result in injury in professional rugby league","volume":"20","author":"King","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib81","first-page":"214","article-title":"Video analysis of tackles in professional rugby league matches by player position, tackle height and tackle location","volume":"10","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Perform Anal Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000860","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000860","article-title":"Do rugby league players under-report concussion symptoms? A cross-sectional study of elite teams based in Australia","volume":"7","author":"Longworth","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199418060-00007","article-title":"Common rugby league injuries. Recommendations for treatment and preventative measures","volume":"18","author":"Gibbs","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2013.05.007","article-title":"Sport-related concussions in New Zealand: a review of 10 years of Accident Compensation Corporation moderate to severe claims and costs","volume":"17","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2010.10.001","article-title":"Neck back and spine injuries in amateur rugby league: a review of nine years of Accident Compensation Corporation injury entitlement claims and costs","volume":"14","author":"King","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib86","first-page":"48","article-title":"Rugby league injuries in New Zealand: variations in injury claims and costs by ethnicity, gender, age, district, body site, injury type and occupation","volume":"36","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.061481","article-title":"Rugby league injuries in New Zealand: a review of 8 years of Accident Compensation Corporation injury entitlement claims and costs","volume":"43","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2009.064683","article-title":"Women's rugby league injury claims and costs in New Zealand","volume":"44","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib89","first-page":"6","article-title":"Rugby league injuries in New Zealand","volume":"20","author":"Lythe","year":"1992","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib90","first-page":"Article 59","article-title":"Training load prior to injury in professional rugby league players: analysing injury risk with machine learning","volume":"36","author":"Welch","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISBS Proc Arch"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2018-0075","article-title":"The incidence and occurrence of injuries to junior rugby league players in a tropical environment","volume":"67","author":"Inglis","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hum Kinet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2010.03.007","article-title":"Physical collisions and injury during professional rugby league skills training","volume":"13","author":"Gabbett","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2012.03.017","article-title":"Identifying risk factors for contact injury in professional rugby league players--application of a frailty model for recurrent injury","volume":"15","author":"Gabbett","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.7.PEDS1684","article-title":"Head impacts in a junior rugby league team measured with a wireless head impact sensor: an exploratory analysis","volume":"19","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib95","first-page":"9","article-title":"Measurement of head impacts in a senior amateur rugby league team with an instrumented patch: exploratory analysis","volume":"2","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"ARC J Res Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2017.10.026","article-title":"Head impact exposure from match participation in women's rugby league over one season of domestic competition","volume":"21","author":"King","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"024","DOI":"10.29328\/journal.jsmt.1001039","article-title":"Head impact exposure comparison between male and female amateur rugby league participants measured with an instrumented patch","volume":"4","author":"King","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sports Med Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117162","article-title":"Use of the King-Devick test for the identification of concussion in an amateur domestic women's rugby union team over two competition seasons in New Zealand","volume":"418","author":"King","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib99","first-page":"91","article-title":"Differences in the incidence of injury between rugby league forwards and backs","volume":"29","author":"Gissane","year":"1997","journal-title":"Aust J Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib100","first-page":"57","article-title":"Stress and recovery changes of injured and non-injured amateur representaitve rugby league players over a competition season","volume":"43","author":"King","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib101","first-page":"8","article-title":"Concussion in amateur rugby league players in New Zealand: a review of player concussion history","volume":"40","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.31.2.132","article-title":"Injury consequences from participation in professional rugby league: a preliminary investigation","volume":"31","author":"Meir","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib103","first-page":"48","article-title":"Player perspectives on return to play after a match or training injury in amateur rugby league","volume":"37","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.03.013","article-title":"Injury in rugby league","volume":"9","author":"Hoskins","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Sci Med Sport"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib105","first-page":"49","article-title":"A\u00a0review of the physiological and anthropometrical characteristics of rugby league players","volume":"31","author":"King","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sth Afr J Res Sport Phys Ed Recr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2014-093774","article-title":"Concussion in youth rugby union and rugby league: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Kirkwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib107","first-page":"37","article-title":"Rugby league injuries and patterns","volume":"22","author":"Norton","year":"1995","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib108","first-page":"48","article-title":"Player perspectives on return to play after a match or training injury in amateur rugby league","volume":"37","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.36.2.82","article-title":"Overuse\"--an overused term?","volume":"36","author":"Gregory","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib110","first-page":"1014","article-title":"Use of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire - sport (RESTQ-Sport) and King-Devick Test to monitor changes during recovery of concussion in an amateur women's rugby union team","volume":"5","author":"King","year":"2021","journal-title":"JSM Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0000000000000811","article-title":"Less than half of patients recover within 2 weeks of injury after a sports-related mild traumatic brain injury: a 2-year prospective study","volume":"30","author":"Kara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092313","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 4th international conference on concussion in sport held in Zurich, November 2012","volume":"47","author":"McCrory","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2017-097699","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport-the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016","volume":"51","author":"McCrory","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.08.015","article-title":"Comparison and utility of King-Devick and ImPACT(R) composite scores in adolescent concussion patients","volume":"334","author":"Tjarks","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0134-x","article-title":"Assessment, management and knowledge of sport-related concussion: systematic review","volume":"44","author":"King","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib116","first-page":"395","article-title":"Time-loss and non-time-loss injuries in youth football players","volume":"42","author":"Dompier","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002_bib117","series-title":"BJSM Group Blogs","article-title":"Concussion: how do we reconcile risk-averse policies with risk-taking sports?","author":"Orchard","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Sports Medicine and Health Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266633762200018X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S266633762200018X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T21:11:08Z","timestamp":1762981868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S266633762200018X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"references-count":117,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S266633762200018X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-3376"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-3376","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Match and training injury incidence in rugby league: A systematic review, pooled analysis, and update on published studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sports Medicine and Health Science","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.03.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Chengdu Sport University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}