{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T04:26:55Z","timestamp":1777523215820,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,1]],"date-time":"2009-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1259625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,14]],"date-time":"2009-05-14T09:22:43Z","timestamp":1242292963000},"page":"346-354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Genetics and pathogenesis of coeliac disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Graham A.","family":"Heap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"van Heel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00294.x","article-title":"Innate and adaptive immunity: the yin and yang of celiac disease","volume":"206","author":"Jabri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunological Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1953.tb05563.x","article-title":"Coeliac disease. II. The presence in wheat of a factor having a deleterious effect in cases of coeliac disease","volume":"42","author":"Dicke","year":"1953","journal-title":"Acta Paediatrica"},{"issue":"9067","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)70237-4","article-title":"Coeliac disease","volume":"349","author":"Maki","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021956200382","article-title":"Changing presentation of adult celiac disease","volume":"48","author":"Lo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.15.11.870","article-title":"Measuring the response of the jejunal mucosa in adult coeliac disease to treatment with a gluten-free diet","volume":"15","author":"Chapman","year":"1974","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.3.286","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk and not-at-risk groups in the United States: a large multicenter study","volume":"163","author":"Fasano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"7435","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7435.322","article-title":"Undiagnosed coeliac disease at age seven: population based prospective birth cohort study","volume":"328","author":"Bingley","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Research ed)"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021687","article-title":"Prevalence of celiac disease among children in finland","volume":"348","author":"Maki","year":"2003","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.075119","article-title":"Recent advances in coeliac disease","volume":"55","author":"van Heel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520310007783","article-title":"Effect of an oats-containing gluten-free diet on symptoms and quality of life in coeliac disease. A randomized study","volume":"39","author":"Peraaho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802014858","article-title":"Unkilned and large amounts of oats in the coeliac disease diet: a randomized, controlled study","volume":"43","author":"Kemppainen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199510193331602","article-title":"A comparison of diets with and without oats in adults with celiac disease","volume":"333","author":"Janatuinen","year":"1995","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srinivasan U, Leonard N, Jones E, et al. Absence of oats toxicity in adult coeliac disease. BMJ (Clinical Research ed) 1996; 313(7068):1300\u20131.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7068.1300"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.5.624","article-title":"The first large population based twin study of coeliac disease","volume":"50","author":"Greco","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.083964","article-title":"Concordance, disease progression, and heritability of coeliac disease in Italian twins","volume":"55","author":"Nistico","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.108530","article-title":"HLA related genetic risk for coeliac disease","volume":"56","author":"Bourgey","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2005.01.001","article-title":"Genetics in coeliac disease","volume":"19","author":"van Heel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Best Practice & Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI106958","article-title":"Predominance of histocompatibility antigen HL-A8 in patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy","volume":"51","author":"Falchuk","year":"1972","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Investigation"},{"issue":"7958","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)90294-4","article-title":"HLA-DW3 associated with coeliac disease","volume":"1","author":"Keuning","year":"1976","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-1229(83)90106-X","article-title":"Evidence that celiac disease is primarily associated with a DC locus allelic specificity","volume":"28","author":"Tosi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1999.tb01398.x","article-title":"The genetic basis for the association of the 8.1 ancestral haplotype (A1, B8, DR3) with multiple immunopathological diseases","volume":"167","author":"Price","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunological Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.1.345","article-title":"Evidence for a primary association of celiac disease to a particular HLA-DQ alpha\/beta heterodimer","volume":"169","author":"Sollid","year":"1989","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03704.x","article-title":"Translational mini-review series on the immunogenetics of gut disease: immunogenetics of coeliac disease","volume":"153","author":"Dubois","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(03)00027-2","article-title":"HLA types in celiac disease patients not carrying the DQA1*05-DQB1*02 (DQ2) heterodimer: results from the European Genetics Cluster on Celiac Disease","volume":"64","author":"Karell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Human Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364061","article-title":"Defining the contribution of the HLA region to cis DQ2-positive coeliac disease patients","volume":"5","author":"van Belzen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genes and Immunity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-0039.2002.600205.x","article-title":"HLA in coeliac disease families: a novel test of risk modification by the \u2018other\u2019 haplotype when at least one DQA1*05-DQB1*02 haplotype is carried","volume":"60","author":"Louka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510050309","article-title":"Unique peptide binding characteristics of the disease-associated DQ(alpha 1*0501, beta 1*0201) vs the non-disease-associated DQ(alpha 1*0201, beta 1*0202) molecule","volume":"46","author":"van de Wal","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.1.254","article-title":"Refining the rules of gliadin T cell epitope binding to the disease-associated DQ2 molecule in celiac disease: importance of proline spacing and glutamine deamidation","volume":"175","author":"Qiao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12390","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2135229100","article-title":"The HLA-DQ2 gene dose effect in celiac disease is directly related to the magnitude and breadth of gluten-specific T cell responses","volume":"100","author":"Vader","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.1998.00397.x","article-title":"Identification of a gliadin T-cell epitope in coeliac disease: general importance of gliadin deamidation for intestinal T-cell recognition","volume":"48","author":"Sjostrom","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199910)29:10<3133::AID-IMMU3133>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Glutenin is involved in the gluten-driven mucosal T cell response","volume":"29","author":"van de Wal","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/73200","article-title":"In vivo antigen challenge in celiac disease identifies a single transglutaminase-modified peptide as the dominant A-gliadin T-cell epitope","volume":"6","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.35381","article-title":"Celiac lesion T cells recognize epitopes that cluster in regions of gliadins rich in proline residues","volume":"123","author":"Arentz-Hansen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33606","article-title":"The gluten response in children with celiac disease is directed toward multiple gliadin and glutenin peptides","volume":"122","author":"Vader","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10050","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10050","article-title":"Small intestinal T cells of celiac disease patients recognize a natural pepsin fragment of gliadin","volume":"95","author":"van de Wal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529108996500","article-title":"In vivo toxicity of a synthetic dodecapeptide from A gliadin in patients with coeliac disease","volume":"26","author":"Mantzaris","year":"1991","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5590","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1074129","article-title":"Structural basis for gluten intolerance in celiac sprue","volume":"297","author":"Shan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.1.57","article-title":"An immunodominant DQ8 restricted gliadin peptide activates small intestinal immune response in in vitro cultured mucosa from HLA-DQ8 positive but not HLA-DQ8 negative coeliac patients","volume":"52","author":"Mazzarella","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01311232","article-title":"IgA antiendomysial antibody test. A step forward in celiac disease screening","volume":"36","author":"Volta","year":"1991","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3109\/08820138909112261","article-title":"Endomysial antibodies in the diagnosis of celiac disease and the effect of gluten on antibody titers","volume":"18","author":"Kumar","year":"1989","journal-title":"Immunological Investigations"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1994.tb06018.x","article-title":"Immunological diagnosis of childhood coeliac disease: comparison between antigliadin, antireticulin and antiendomysial antibodies","volume":"95","author":"Lerner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.12.1633","article-title":"Endomysial antibody: is it the best screening test for coeliac disease?","volume":"33","author":"Ferreira","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1080\/003655200750023408","article-title":"Antiendomysium versus antigliadin antibodies in screening the general population for coeliac disease","volume":"35","author":"Catassi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0680573","article-title":"Human jejunal transglutaminase: demonstration of activity, enzyme kinetics and substrate specificity with special relation to gliadin and coeliac disease","volume":"68","author":"Bruce","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clinical Science (London)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0797-797","article-title":"Identification of tissue transglutaminase as the autoantigen of celiac disease","volume":"3","author":"Dieterich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib46","first-page":"1021","article-title":"The production and crystallization of the human leukocyte antigen class II molecules HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 complexed with deamidated gliadin peptides implicated in coeliac disease","volume":"63","author":"Henderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Crystallographica"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0698-713","article-title":"Tissue transglutaminase selectively modifies gliadin peptides that are recognized by gut-derived T cells in celiac disease","volume":"4","author":"Molberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.161.4.1585","article-title":"Selective deamidation by tissue transglutaminase strongly enhances gliadin-specific T cell reactivity","volume":"161","author":"van de Wal","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.01054.x","article-title":"Transglutaminase and coeliac disease: endomysial reactivity and small bowel expression","volume":"118","author":"Brusco","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520410003597","article-title":"Intestinal tissue transglutaminase in coeliac disease of children and adults: ultrastructural localization and variation in expression","volume":"39","author":"Skovbjerg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31817b6dec","article-title":"Gluten-dependent small bowel mucosal transglutaminase 2-specific IgA deposits in overt and mild enteropathy coeliac disease","volume":"47","author":"Koskinen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.13.1787","article-title":"Tissue transglutaminase is expressed, active, and directly involved in rat dermal wound healing and angiogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Haroon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Faseb Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V10102146","article-title":"Transglutaminase transcription and antigen translocation in experimental renal scarring","volume":"10","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0102308","article-title":"Tissue transglutaminase and apoptosis","volume":"62","author":"Autuori","year":"1998","journal-title":"Advances in Biochemical Engineering\/Biotechnology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00898.x","article-title":"Transglutaminase overexpression sensitizes neuronal cell lines to apoptosis by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular oxidative stress","volume":"81","author":"Piacentini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neurochemistry"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.15.1683845","article-title":"Transglutaminases: multifunctional cross-linking enzymes that stabilize tissues","volume":"5","author":"Greenberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Faseb Journal"},{"issue":"Pt 19","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.110.19.2461","article-title":"Reduced expression of tissue transglutaminase in a human endothelial cell line leads to changes in cell spreading, cell adhesion and reduced polymerisation of fibronectin","volume":"110","author":"Jones","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.1.148-155.2001","article-title":"Gene disruption of tissue transglutaminase","volume":"21","author":"De Laurenzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Molecular and Cellular Biology"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20673","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M010846200","article-title":"Targeted inactivation of Gh\/tissue transglutaminase II","volume":"276","author":"Nanda","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20021234","article-title":"Transglutaminases: nature's biological glues","volume":"368","author":"Griffin","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.069385","article-title":"Cross linking to tissue transglutaminase and collagen favours gliadin toxicity in coeliac disease","volume":"55","author":"Dieterich","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0450-4","article-title":"Deamidation of gliadin peptides in lamina propria: implications for celiac disease","volume":"53","author":"Skovbjerg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Digestive Diseases and Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4838(87)90222-6","article-title":"Inhibition of erythrocyte transglutaminase by GTP","volume":"916","author":"Bergamini","year":"1987","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e327","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050327","article-title":"Transglutaminase 2 undergoes a large conformational change upon activation","volume":"5","author":"Pinkas","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.41.6.851","article-title":"Autoantibodies in coeliac disease: tissue transglutaminase\u2014guilt by association?","volume":"41","author":"Sollid","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1021\/bi011715x","article-title":"High selectivity of human tissue transglutaminase for immunoactive gliadin peptides: implications for celiac sprue","volume":"41","author":"Piper","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70008-3","article-title":"Tissue transglutaminase autoantibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in detecting celiac disease","volume":"115","author":"Sulkanen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.092908","article-title":"Mutagenesis of the catalytic triad of tissue transglutaminase abrogates coeliac disease serum IgA autoantibody binding","volume":"56","author":"Byrne","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.6.766","article-title":"Gluten specific, HLA-DQ restricted T cells from coeliac mucosa produce cytokines with Th1 or Th0 profile dominated by interferon gamma","volume":"37","author":"Nilsen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70134-9","article-title":"Gluten induces an intestinal cytokine response strongly dominated by interferon gamma in patients with celiac disease","volume":"115","author":"Nilsen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03239.x","article-title":"Interleukin 18 maintains a long-standing inflammation in coeliac disease patients","volume":"146","author":"Leon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.3.425","article-title":"Role of interferon alpha in promoting T helper cell type 1 responses in the small intestine in coeliac disease","volume":"48","author":"Monteleone","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.2.186","article-title":"Interleukin 18 and associated markers of T helper cell type 1 activity in coeliac disease","volume":"50","author":"Salvati","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.018","article-title":"Evidence for the role of interferon-alfa production by dendritic cells in the Th1 response in celiac disease","volume":"133","author":"Di Sabatino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200108)31:8<2247::AID-IMMU2247>3.0.CO;2-4","article-title":"Interferon-alpha drives T cell-mediated immunopathology in the intestine","volume":"31","author":"Monteleone","year":"2001","journal-title":"European Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2005.02237.x","article-title":"T-bet expression patterns in coeliac disease, cryptic and overt enteropathy-type T-cell lymphoma","volume":"47","author":"Johrens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.030551","article-title":"Regulation of the T helper cell type 1 transcription factor T-bet in coeliac disease mucosa","volume":"53","author":"Monteleone","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1003488","article-title":"IFN-alpha regulates IL-21 and IL-21R expression in human NK and T cells","volume":"76","author":"Strengell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Leukocyte Biology"},{"issue":"6808","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/35040504","article-title":"Interleukin 21 and its receptor are involved in NK cell expansion and regulation of lymphocyte function","volume":"408","author":"Parrish-Novak","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020620","article-title":"Interleukin 21 is a T helper (Th) cell 2 cytokine that specifically inhibits the differentiation of naive Th cells into interferon gamma-producing Th1 cells","volume":"196","author":"Wurster","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.129882","article-title":"Interleukin 21 contributes to the mucosal T helper cell type 1 response in coeliac disease","volume":"57","author":"Fina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2058","article-title":"A genome-wide association study for celiac disease identifies risk variants in the region harboring IL2 and IL21","volume":"39","author":"van Heel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.12.042","article-title":"Interleukin-21 enhances T-helper cell type I signaling and interferon-gamma production in Crohn's disease","volume":"128","author":"Monteleone","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2002.01195.x","article-title":"Interferon-gamma-secreting T cells localize to the epithelium in coeliac disease","volume":"56","author":"Olaussen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.141994","article-title":"The cytokine interleukin 21: a new player in coeliac disease?","volume":"57","author":"Meresse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(04)00239-0","article-title":"Intraepithelial lymphocytes in celiac disease: license to kill revealed","volume":"21","author":"Sollid","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5527","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.10.5527","article-title":"NKG2D receptors induced by IL-15 costimulate CD28-negative effector CTL in the tissue microenvironment","volume":"167","author":"Roberts","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4480","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.8.4480","article-title":"NKG2D is a costimulatory receptor for human naive CD8+ T cells","volume":"174","author":"Maasho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6259","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.14.6259","article-title":"A second lineage of mammalian major histocompatibility complex class I genes","volume":"91","author":"Bahram","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.06.018","article-title":"A direct role for NKG2D\/MICA interaction in villous atrophy during celiac disease","volume":"21","author":"Hue","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5423","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.5423","article-title":"Autocrine\/paracrine IL-15 that is required for type I IFN-mediated dendritic cell expression of MHC class I-related chain A and B is impaired in hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"171","author":"Jinushi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02132.x","article-title":"IL-15 converts human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes to CD94 producers of IFN-gamma and IL-10, the latter promoting Fas ligand-mediated cytotoxicity","volume":"115","author":"Ebert","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01047-3","article-title":"Interleukin 15: a key to disrupted intraepithelial lymphocyte homeostasis and lymphomagenesis in celiac disease","volume":"125","author":"Mention","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.068684","article-title":"Epithelium derived interleukin 15 regulates intraepithelial lymphocyte Th1 cytokine production, cytotoxicity, and survival in coeliac disease","volume":"55","author":"Di Sabatino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9377","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13803-2","article-title":"Association between innate response to gliadin and activation of pathogenic T cells in coeliac disease","volume":"362","author":"Maiuri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib96","article-title":"In vitro differentiation of human monocytes into dendritic cells by peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin is independent of genetic predisposition and the presence of celiac disease","author":"Rakhimova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7038","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.10.7038","article-title":"Gliadin fragments induce phenotypic and functional maturation of human dendritic cells","volume":"175","author":"Palova-Jelinkova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2008.03743.x","article-title":"Higher constitutive IL15R alpha expression and lower IL-15 response threshold in coeliac disease patients","volume":"154","author":"Bernardo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Immunology"},{"issue":"Pt 24","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4435","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.24.4435","article-title":"Human zonulin, a potential modulator of intestinal tight junctions","volume":"113","author":"Wang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Cell Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.023","article-title":"Gliadin induces an increase in intestinal permeability and zonulin release by binding to the chemokine receptor CXCR3","volume":"135","author":"Lammers","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.2.218","article-title":"Early effects of gliadin on enterocyte intracellular signalling involved in intestinal barrier function","volume":"52","author":"Clemente","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.136366","article-title":"Mechanisms of epithelial translocation of the alpha(2)-gliadin-33mer in coeliac sprue","volume":"57","author":"Schumann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.7.4457","article-title":"Cutting Edge: IL-1 controls the IL-23 response induced by gliadin, the etiologic agent in celiac disease","volume":"181","author":"Harris","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immunology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.06.002","article-title":"A unique dendritic cell subset accumulates in the celiac lesion and efficiently activates gluten-reactive T cells","volume":"131","author":"Raki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.059998","article-title":"T cells in peripheral blood after gluten challenge in coeliac disease","volume":"54","author":"Anderson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201357","article-title":"A common CTLA4 haplotype associated with coeliac disease","volume":"13","author":"Hunt","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"7063","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04226","article-title":"A haplotype map of the human genome","volume":"437","author":"Consortium","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.200600213","article-title":"Whole genome genotyping technologies on the BeadArray platform","volume":"2","author":"Steemers","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnology Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665199000300","article-title":"Animal v. plant foods in human diets and health: is the historical record unequivocal?","volume":"58","author":"Nestle","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.102","article-title":"Newly identified genetic risk variants for celiac disease related to the immune response","author":"Hunt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"7218","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/456018a","article-title":"Personal genomes: the case of the missing heritability","volume":"456","author":"Maher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7621","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(69)90363-8","article-title":"Coeliac disease and diabetes","volume":"2","author":"Walker-Smith","year":"1969","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2001.00498.x","article-title":"Coeliac disease and Type 1 diabetes mellitus\u2014the case for screening","volume":"18","author":"Holmes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Diabetes Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Consortium TWTCC. Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 2007; 447(7145):661\u201378.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05911"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14028","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804358105","article-title":"IL-21 signaling is critical for the development of type I diabetes in the NOD mouse","volume":"105","author":"Spolski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1086\/522037","article-title":"Novel association in chromosome 4q27 region with rheumatoid arthritis and confirmation of type 1 diabetes point to a general risk locus for autoimmune diseases","volume":"81","author":"Zhernakova","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2068","article-title":"Robust associations of four new chromosome regions from genome-wide analyses of type 1 diabetes","volume":"39","author":"Todd","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature Genetics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000041","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000041","article-title":"A genome-wide association study of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis identifies new disease Loci","volume":"4","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Genetics"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0807917","article-title":"Shared, distinct and opposing genetic factors in type 1 diabetes and celiac disease","volume":"359","author":"Smyth","year":"2008","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/0-306-46830-1_12","article-title":"Does breast-feeding affect the risk for coeliac disease?","volume":"478","author":"Ivarsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1044532309000293?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1044532309000293?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,25]],"date-time":"2023-05-25T04:04:26Z","timestamp":1684987466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1044532309000293"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"references-count":120,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S1044532309000293"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smim.2009.04.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-5323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-5323","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}}}