{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T16:00:36Z","timestamp":1794412836576,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694131200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["09150181910016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09150181910016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Seminars in Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T03:57:15Z","timestamp":1694750235000},"page":"101839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Better safe than sorry: Naive T-cell dynamics in healthy ageing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Rob J.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiki","family":"Tesselaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.M.","family":"Borghans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-01738-2","article-title":"How deadly is the coronavirus? Scientists are close to an answer","volume":"582","author":"Mallapaty","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib2","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics (2023) Weekly Updates by Select Demographic and Geographic Characteristics Provisional Death Counts for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)[Online]. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/covid_weekly\/index.htm#AgeAndSex. [Accessed 24 May 2023]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.03.017","article-title":"Influence of immune aging on vaccine responses","volume":"145","author":"Gustafson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70295-X","article-title":"Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Osterholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2508","article-title":"B-cell responses to vaccination at the extremes of age","volume":"9","author":"Siegrist","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7123","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15770","article-title":"Hallmarks of the aging T\u2010cell system","volume":"288","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830190604","article-title":"Pgp-1hi T lymphocytes accumulate with age in mice and respond poorly to concanavalin A","volume":"19","author":"Lerner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.9.2860.009k35_2860_2868","article-title":"Shortage of circulating naive CD8(+) T cells provides new insights on immunodeficiency in aging","volume":"95","author":"Fagnoni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301721","article-title":"Aging and cytomegalovirus infection differentially and jointly affect distinct circulating T cell subsets in humans","volume":"192","author":"Wertheimer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.103852","article-title":"Primary immune responses are negatively impacted by persistent herpesvirus infections in older people: results from an observational study on healthy subjects and a vaccination trial on subjects aged more than 70 years old","volume":"76","author":"Nicoli","year":"2022","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2619","article-title":"The precursors of memory: models and controversies","volume":"9","author":"Ahmed","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7446","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7446","article-title":"The influence of age on T cell generation and TCR diversity","volume":"174","author":"Naylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071140","article-title":"Age-associated decline in T cell repertoire diversity leads to holes in the repertoire and impaired immunity to influenza virus","volume":"205","author":"Yager","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8447","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601040103","article-title":"Thymic output in aged mice","volume":"103","author":"Hale","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/25251","article-title":"The thymus in the age of retirement","volume":"396","author":"Rodewald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1985.tb01916.x","article-title":"The involution of the ageing human thymic epithelium is independent of puberty: a morphometric study","volume":"22","author":"Steinmann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.02.006","article-title":"Maintenance of peripheral naive T cells is sustained by thymus output in mice but not humans","volume":"36","author":"den Braber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(01)00122-5","article-title":"T cell receptor excision circle assessment of thymopoiesis in aging mice","volume":"38","author":"Sempowski","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E6917","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517246112","article-title":"Temporal fate mapping reveals age-linked heterogeneity in naive T lymphocytes in mice","volume":"112","author":"Hogan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157705","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1157705","article-title":"Quantifying cellular dynamics in mice using a novel fluorescent division reporter system","volume":"14","author":"Lukas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1960.tb06248.x","article-title":"The effect of thymectomy on the lymphoid tissues of the mouse","volume":"6","author":"Metcalf","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070059","article-title":"Origins of immunological competence","volume":"19","author":"Miller","year":"1963","journal-title":"Br. Med Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)90693-6","article-title":"Immunological function of the thymus","volume":"278","author":"Miller","year":"1961","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1159\/000229646","article-title":"The role of the thymus in immune processes","volume":"28","author":"Miller","year":"1965","journal-title":"Int Arch. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.2.1573","article-title":"Restoration of the CD4 T cell compartment after long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy without phenotypical signs of accelerated immunological aging","volume":"181","author":"Vrisekoop","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18333","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910139106","article-title":"Age-associated increase in lifespan of naive CD4 T cells contributes to T-cell homeostasis but facilitates development of functional defects","volume":"106","author":"Tsukamoto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/25251","article-title":"The thymus in the age of retirement","volume":"396","author":"Rodewald","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000822","article-title":"Quantification of naive and memory T-cell turnover during HIV-1 infection","volume":"29","author":"Vrisekoop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.190.4.479","article-title":"Direct evidence for thymic function in adult humans","volume":"190","author":"Poulin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2808","article-title":"Effect of thymectomy on human peripheral blood T cell pools in myasthenia gravis","volume":"166","author":"Sempowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.3.1499","article-title":"Homeostasis of the naive CD4+ T cell compartment during aging","volume":"180","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.12.008","article-title":"Multiparameter evaluation of human thymic function: interpretations and caveats","volume":"115","author":"Harris","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0203-97","article-title":"Thymic output: a bad TREC record","volume":"4","author":"Hazenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5480","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-184184","article-title":"Quantifying the development of the peripheral naive CD4+ T-cell pool in humans","volume":"113","author":"Bains","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-03-341396","article-title":"Long-term restoration of the human T-cell compartment after thymectomy during infancy: a role for thymic regeneration?","volume":"118","author":"Van Gent","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2008.08.023","article-title":"Thymectomy in early childhood: significant alterations of the CD4+CD45RA+CD62L+ T cell compartment in later life","volume":"130","author":"Prelog","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000147735.19342.DE","article-title":"Thymic function and impaired maintenance of peripheral T cell populations in children with congenital heart disease and surgical thymectomy","volume":"57","author":"Halnon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pedia Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1986.tb01487.x","article-title":"Dynamics of early T cells: prothymocyte migration and proliferation in the adult mouse thymus","volume":"91","author":"Scollay","year":"1986","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363982","article-title":"Age-related thymic involution in C57BL\/6J \u00d7 DBA\/2J recombinant-inbred mice maps to mouse chromosomes 9 and 10","volume":"4","author":"Hsu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.11.1839","article-title":"The role of the thymus and recent thymic migrants in the maintenance of the adult peripheral lymphocyte pool","volume":"187","author":"Berzins","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.08.009","article-title":"Do most lymphocytes in humans really reside in the gut?","volume":"28","author":"Ganusov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8447","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601040103","article-title":"Thymic output in aged mice","volume":"103","author":"Hale","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7818","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.11.7818","article-title":"The magnitude of thymic output is genetically determined through controlled intrathymic precursor T cell proliferation","volume":"181","author":"Dulude","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00470.x","article-title":"Indirect demonstration of the lifetime function of human thymus","volume":"111","author":"Maru\u0161i\u0107","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib45","article-title":"Long-term maintenance of human na\u00efve T cells through in situ homeostasis in lymphoid tissue sites","volume":"506","author":"Thome","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol. 1, eaah6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1998.00470.x","article-title":"Indirect demonstration of the lifetime function of human thymus","volume":"111","author":"Maru\u0161i\u0107","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.108","article-title":"CD31 (PECAM-1) is a marker of recent thymic emigrants among CD4+ T-cells, but not CD8+ T-cells or gammadelta T-cells, in HIV patients responding to ART","volume":"88","author":"Tanaskovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080996","article-title":"Human CD4+ T cell recent thymic emigrants are identified by protein tyrosine kinase 7 and have reduced immune function","volume":"206","author":"Haines","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.070061597","article-title":"Identification of a human recent thymic emigrant phenotype","volume":"97","author":"McFarland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011756","article-title":"Two subsets of naive T helper cells with distinct T cell receptor excision circle content in human adult peripheral blood","volume":"195","author":"Kimmig","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4329","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900743","article-title":"Quantifying thymic export: combining models of naive t cell proliferation and TCR excision circle dynamics gives an explicit measure of thymic output","volume":"183","author":"Bains","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12311","article-title":"Lymphocyte maintenance during healthy aging requires no substantial alterations in cellular turnover","volume":"14","author":"Westera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02293-5","article-title":"Assessment of thymic output in adults after haematopoietic stemcell transplantation and prediction of T-cell reconstitution","volume":"355","author":"Douek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3449","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.9.3449","article-title":"T-cell receptor excision circle and T-cell dynamics after allogeneic stem cell transplantation are related to clinical events","volume":"99","author":"Hazenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2008.09.013","article-title":"Determination of thymic function directly from peripheral blood: a validated modification to an established method","volume":"339","author":"Lorenzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-04-1405","article-title":"Prediction of T-cell reconstitution by assessment of T-cell receptor excision circle before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients","volume":"105","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2808","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2808","article-title":"Effect of thymectomy on human peripheral blood T cell pools in myasthenia gravis","volume":"166","author":"Sempowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5193(03)00172-3","article-title":"Decline in excision circles requires homeostatic renewal or homeostatic death of naive T cells","volume":"224","author":"Dutilh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.002","article-title":"Homeostasis of naive and memory T cells","volume":"29","author":"Surh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.18.1.83","article-title":"Population biology of lymphocytes: the flight for survival","volume":"18","author":"Freitas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.4.1733","article-title":"Cutting edge: naive T cells masquerading as memory cells","volume":"165","author":"Murali-Krishna","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(98)01344-9","article-title":"The organization of mature T-cell pools","volume":"19","author":"Tanchot","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003949","article-title":"Age is not just a number: naive T cells increase their ability to persist in the circulation over time","volume":"16","author":"Rane","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.78168","article-title":"Towards a unified model of naive T cell dynamics across the lifespan","volume":"11","author":"Rane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(02)00508-3","article-title":"Neonates support lymphopenia-induced proliferation","volume":"18","author":"Min","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5541","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1201235","article-title":"Lymphopenia-driven homeostatic regulation of naive T cells in elderly and thymectomized young adults","volume":"189","author":"Sauce","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19960","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705905104","article-title":"Dramatic increase in naive T cell turnover is linked to loss of naive T cells from old primates","volume":"104","author":"Cicin-Sain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12311","article-title":"Lymphocyte maintenance during healthy aging requires no substantial alterations in cellular turnover","volume":"14","author":"Westera","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000383","article-title":"Cell generation dynamics underlying naive T-cell homeostasis in adult humans","volume":"17","author":"Mold","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2689","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302064","article-title":"Age-related decrease in TCR repertoire diversity measured with deep and normalized sequence profiling","volume":"192","author":"Britanova","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.05.015","article-title":"Aging-related changes in human T-cell repertoire over 20years delineated by deep sequencing of peripheral T-cell receptors","volume":"96","author":"Yoshida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3822","article-title":"Immunosequencing identifies signatures of cytomegalovirus exposure history and HLA-mediated effects on the T cell repertoire","volume":"49","author":"Emerson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib73","article-title":"Towards a robust comparison of diversity between sampled TCR repertoires","author":"de Greef","year":"2023","journal-title":"BioRivx"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49900","article-title":"The naive t-cell receptor repertoire has an extremely broad distribution of clone sizes","volume":"9","author":"de Greef","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13139","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1409155111","article-title":"Diversity and clonal selection in the human T-cell repertoire","volume":"111","author":"Qi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5441.958","article-title":"A direct estimate of the human \u03b1\u03b2 T cell receptor diversity","volume":"286","author":"Arstila","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13262","article-title":"How age and infection history shape the antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell repertoire: Implications for vaccination strategies in older adults","volume":"19","author":"Lanfermeijer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12095","article-title":"Antiviral memory phenotype T cells in unexposed adults","volume":"255","author":"Su","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2104367118","article-title":"TCR\u03b2 rearrangements without a D segment are common, abundant, and public","volume":"118","author":"de Greef","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01618","article-title":"The changing landscape of naive T cell receptor repertoire with human aging","volume":"9","author":"Egorov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12857","article-title":"Comparative analysis of murine T-cell receptor repertoires","volume":"153","author":"Izraelson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.4.1230","article-title":"Developmental regulation of D beta reading frame and junctional diversity in T cell receptor-beta transcripts from human thymus","volume":"148","author":"George","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.5.1377","article-title":"Lack of N regions in fetal and neonatal mouse immunoglobulin V-D-J junctional sequences","volume":"172","author":"Feeney","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11011","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.22.11011","article-title":"Regulation of N-region diversity in antigen receptors through thymocyte differentiation and thymus ontogeny","volume":"89","author":"Bogue","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200212)32:12<3651::AID-IMMU3651>3.0.CO;2-D","article-title":"Substantial N diversity is generated in T cell receptor alpha genes at birth despite low levels of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase expression in mouse thymus","volume":"32","author":"Cherrier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005572","article-title":"Persisting fetal clonotypes influence the structure and overlap of adult human T cell receptor repertoires","volume":"13","author":"Pogorelyy","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.61639","article-title":"Early life imprints the hierarchy of T cell clone sizes","volume":"9","author":"Gaimann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.23013","article-title":"Memory CD4 T cell subsets are kinetically heterogeneous and replenished from naive T cells at high levels","volume":"6","author":"Gossel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48901","article-title":"Differential impact of self and environmental antigens on the ontogeny and maintenance of CD4+ T cell memory","volume":"8","author":"Hogan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Elife"}],"container-title":["Seminars in Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1044532323001306?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1044532323001306?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T23:31:54Z","timestamp":1760916714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1044532323001306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["S1044532323001306"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839","relation":{},"ISSN":["1044-5323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1044-5323","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Better safe than sorry: Naive T-cell dynamics in healthy ageing","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Seminars in Immunology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smim.2023.101839","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101839"}}