{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T19:37:58Z","timestamp":1793475478259,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,8]],"date-time":"2006-06-08T14:34:40Z","timestamp":1149777280000},"page":"169-177","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":284,"title":["Periodic leg movements in sleep and periodic limb movement disorder: Prevalence, clinical significance and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Magdolna","family":"Hornyak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Feige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Riemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Voderholzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib1","first-page":"748","article-title":"Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association. Recording and scoring leg movements","volume":"16","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib2","first-page":"166","article-title":"Nocturnal myoclonus","volume":"16","author":"Symonds","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(72)90106-X","article-title":"Some periodic phenomena arising during drowsiness and sleep in man","volume":"32","author":"Lugaresi","year":"1972","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib4","series-title":"Sleep and waking disorders: indications and techniques","first-page":"265","article-title":"Periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus) and restless legs syndrome","author":"Coleman","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870120111","article-title":"Clinical, polysomnographic, and genetic characteristics of restless legs syndrome: a study of 133 patients diagnosed with new standard criteria","volume":"12","author":"Montplaisir","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.496","article-title":"Periodic limb movements in sleep in community-dwelling elderly","volume":"14","author":"Ancoli-Israel","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carrier J, Frenette S, Montplaisir J, et al. Effects of periodic leg movements during sleep in middle-aged subjects without sleep complaints. Mov Disord 2005;20(9):1127\u20131132.","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20506"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/8.3.239","article-title":"Relationship of periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus) and the Babinski sign","volume":"8","author":"Smith","year":"1985","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.2.300","article-title":"Motor pattern of periodic limb movements during sleep","volume":"57","author":"Provini","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib10","first-page":"317","article-title":"Activity patterns of leg muscles in periodic limb movement disorder","volume":"75","author":"de Weerd","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib11","first-page":"572","article-title":"Periodic leg movements (PLM): their relationship to sleep stages","volume":"16","author":"Pollmacher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00072-1","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome: scoring criteria for leg movements recorded during the suggested immobilization test","volume":"2","author":"Michaud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130220","article-title":"Immobilization tests and periodic leg movements in sleep for the diagnosis of restless leg syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Montplaisir","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00007859","article-title":"SPECT imaging of striatal pre- and postsynaptic dopaminergic status in restless legs syndrome with periodic leg movements in sleep","volume":"249","author":"Michaud","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(03)00010-8","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic criteria, special considerations and epidemiology. A report from the restless legs syndrome diagnosis and epidemiology workshop at the National Institute of Health","volume":"4","author":"Allen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410080413","article-title":"Periodic movements in sleep (nocturnal myoclonus): relation to sleep disorders","volume":"8","author":"Coleman","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib17","first-page":"331","article-title":"Variability of periodic leg movements in sleep in various sleep disorders","volume":"28","author":"Hornyak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.6.423","article-title":"The indications for polysomnography and related procedures","volume":"20","author":"Chesson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.337","article-title":"Standards of Practice Committee of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Practice parameters for the role of actigraphy in the study of sleep and circadian rhythms: an update for 2002","volume":"26","author":"Littner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib20","series-title":"Diagnostic and coding manual. American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1967.tb02072.x","article-title":"Measurements of all-night sleep in normal elderly persons: effects of aging","volume":"15","author":"Kales","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib22","first-page":"129","article-title":"Nocturnal myoclonus and nocturnal myoclonic activity in the normal population","volume":"36","author":"Bixler","year":"1982","journal-title":"Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00443-9","article-title":"Prevalence of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the general population","volume":"53","author":"Ohayon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.2.313","article-title":"Periodic limb movements in children: prevalence in a referred population","volume":"27","author":"Kirk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-054X.2001.01166.x","article-title":"Periodic leg movements and sleep-disordered breathing in children","volume":"5","author":"Scholle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Somnologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2004.tb00997.x","article-title":"Periodic leg movements in prepubertal children with sleep disturbance","volume":"46","author":"Martinez","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E70","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.5.e70","article-title":"Sleep and periodic limb movement in sleep in juvenile fibromyalgia","volume":"106","author":"Tayag-Kier","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.3.297","article-title":"Moderate to severe periodic limb movement disorder in childhood and adolescence","volume":"22","author":"Picchietti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1983.tb05748.x","article-title":"Age-related sleep-wake disorders at a sleep disorder center","volume":"31","author":"Roehrs","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(88)90010-6","article-title":"Nightly variation of periodic leg movements in sleep in middle aged and elderly individuals","volume":"7","author":"Bliwise","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M391","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/53A.5.M391","article-title":"Periodic leg movements during sleep and sleep disturbances in elders","volume":"53A","author":"Youngstedt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gerontol (Med Sci)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(04)00020-0","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the elderly","volume":"56","author":"Hornyak","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.08.003","article-title":"Correlation between rating scales and sleep laboratory measurements in restless legs syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Garcia-Borreguero","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib34","first-page":"A309","article-title":"Relationship of the restless legs syndrome rating scale scores to objective and subjective measures of sleep","volume":"27","author":"Hornyak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.1.232","article-title":"Comparative polysomnographic study of narcolepsy and idiopathic central nervous system hypersomnia","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-198908000-00012","article-title":"The effects of L-dopa on periodic leg movements and sleep organization in narcolepsy","volume":"12","author":"Boivin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.6.717","article-title":"Change in periodic limb movement index during treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure","volume":"26","author":"Baran","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000038348.94399.F6","article-title":"Periodic leg movements in REM sleep behavior disorder and related autonomic and EEG activation","volume":"59","author":"Fantini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.6.1497","article-title":"Periodic limb movements during sleep in patients with congestive heart failure","volume":"109","author":"Hanly","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050136","article-title":"Periodic limb movements during sleep are a frequent finding in patients with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome","volume":"244","author":"Voderholzer","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1997.tb02370.x","article-title":"Periodic leg movements in sleep in essential hypertension","volume":"51","author":"Espinar-Sierra","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(00)70039-4","article-title":"Potential novel predictors of mortality in end-stage renal disease patients with sleep disorders","volume":"35","author":"Benz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8257(200001)15:1<113::AID-MDS1017>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Periodic limb movements in syringomyelia and syringobulbia","volume":"15","author":"Nogues","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"8 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.8.2011062","article-title":"Periodic leg movements and sleepiness in patients evaluated for sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"164","author":"Chervin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00013-8","article-title":"Sleep disruption in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) patients: clinical and polysomnographic findings","volume":"3","author":"Prado","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101381","article-title":"Reduction of periodic leg movement in individuals with paraplegia following aerobic physical exercise","volume":"40","author":"De Mello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-002-0371-8","article-title":"Periodic limb movements during sleep in alcohol dependent patients","volume":"252","author":"Gann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.7.1019","article-title":"Parkinson's disease and sleepiness: an integral part of PD","volume":"58","author":"Arnulf","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/23.3.1c","article-title":"Sleep and periodic leg movement patterns in drug-free patients with Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy","volume":"23","author":"Wetter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490090111","article-title":"Periodic limb movements of sleep in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"9","author":"Brown","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00071-4","article-title":"Sleep pathophysiology in posttraumatic stress disorder and idiopathic nightmare sufferers","volume":"54","author":"Germain","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.5.508","article-title":"Sleep in lifetime posttraumatic stress disorder: a community-based polysomnographic study","volume":"61","author":"Breslau","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib53","first-page":"137","article-title":"Sleep disturbances associated with periodic leg movements in chronic sarcoidosis","volume":"21","author":"Verbraecken","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800150081010","article-title":"Occurrence of myoclonus in patients treated with cyclic antidepressants","volume":"44","author":"Garvey","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.11.1490b","article-title":"Nocturnal cataclysm with myoclonus: a new side effect of clomipramine","volume":"143","author":"Myers","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Psych"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.9.1191b","article-title":"Lithium-aggravated nocturnal myoclonus and restless legs syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Heiman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/0893-133X(95)00148-7","article-title":"Fluoxetine-induced sleep disturbance in depressed patients","volume":"14","author":"Dorsey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v58n0803","article-title":"Sleep changes after 4 consecutive days of venlafaxine administration in normal volunteers","volume":"58","author":"Salin-Pascual","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v63n1214a","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome induced by mirtazapine","volume":"63","author":"Agargun","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-054X.2005.00050.x","article-title":"Low-dose doxepin does not increase periodic leg movements in sleep in primary insomnia patients. Data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Hornyak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Somnologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.022","article-title":"Antidepressants and periodic leg movements of sleep","volume":"58","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.03.032","article-title":"The clinical neurophysiology of the restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movements. Part I: diagnosis, assessment, and characterization","volume":"115","author":"Hening","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.01.031","article-title":"Why do restless legs occur at rest? Pathophysiology of neuronal structures in RLS. Neurophysiology of RLS (part 2)","volume":"115","author":"Trenkwalder","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.2.388","article-title":"Delayed emergence of parkinsonian disorder in 38% of 29 older men initially diagnosed as idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder","volume":"46","author":"Schenck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib65","first-page":"S337","article-title":"Reduced striatal dopamine transporters in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"22","author":"Eisensehr","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000069608.84542.46","article-title":"Alteration of the striatal dopaminergic system in human narcolepsy","volume":"60","author":"Eisensehr","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.11.007","article-title":"The association between narcolepsy and REM behavior disorder (RBD)","volume":"6","author":"Nightingale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.3.560","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome task force of the standards of practice committee of the American academy of sleep medicine. An update on the dopaminergic treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder","volume":"27","author":"Hening","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.8.1267","article-title":"The effects of L-dopa on excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy","volume":"41","author":"Boivin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.61.10.1418","article-title":"The effects of pramipexole in REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"61","author":"Fantini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib71","series-title":"Principles and practice of sleep medicine","first-page":"742","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder","author":"Montplaisir","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib72","first-page":"19","article-title":"Sleep-related periodic myoclonus in patients complaining of insomnia","volume":"100","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1975","journal-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1983.tb05748.x","article-title":"Age-related sleep-wake disorders at a sleep disorder center","volume":"31","author":"Roehrs","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.5.575","article-title":"The evoked heart rate response to periodic leg movements of sleep","volume":"22","author":"Winkelman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.4.786","article-title":"EEG and cardiac activation during periodic leg movements in sleep: support for a hierarchy of arousal responses","volume":"52","author":"Sforza","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib76","first-page":"163","article-title":"Periodic movements of the legs during sleep associated with rises in systemic blood pressure","volume":"14","author":"Ali","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.3.1281","article-title":"Sympathetic muscle nerve activity during sleep in man","volume":"114","author":"Hornyak","year":"1991","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.02.004","article-title":"Spectral analysis of sleep EEG in patients with restless legs syndrome","volume":"116\/6","author":"Hornyak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2000.00070.x","article-title":"Are periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) responsible for sleep disruption in insomnia patients?","volume":"7","author":"Karadeniz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1053\/smrv.1999.0083","article-title":"Origin and significance of the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP)","volume":"4","author":"Terzano","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199607000-00005","article-title":"The cyclic alternating pattern plays a gate-control on periodic limb movements during non-rapid eye movement sleep","volume":"13","author":"Parrino","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.3.219","article-title":"Are periodic leg movements associated with clinical sleep disturbance?","volume":"19","author":"Mendelson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000007951","article-title":"Is excessive daytime sleepiness with periodic leg movement during sleep a specific diagnostic category?","volume":"40","author":"Nicolas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1999.00157.x","article-title":"Sleep\/wake abnormalities in patients with periodic leg movements during sleep: factor analysis on data from 24-h ambulatory polygraphy","volume":"8","author":"Bastuji","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/s1389-9457(02)00238-1","article-title":"Can periodic limb movement disorder be diagnosed without polysomnography? A case\u2013control study.","volume":"4","author":"Hilbert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.07.008","article-title":"Do periodic leg movements influence patients' perception of sleep quality?","volume":"5\/6","author":"Hornyak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00153-3","article-title":"Development of restless legs syndrome after dopaminergic treatment in a patient with periodic leg movements in sleep","volume":"4","author":"Santamaria","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.35.3.408","article-title":"Periodic leg movements in sleep: effect of clonazepam treatment","volume":"35","author":"Ohanna","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-4179(88)90073-X","article-title":"Opioid treatment of periodic movements in sleep in patients without restless legs","volume":"11","author":"Kavey","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuropeptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/21.5.501","article-title":"Magnesium therapy for periodic leg movements-related insomnia and restless legs syndrome: an open pilot study","volume":"21","author":"Hornyak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10082","article-title":"Treatment of periodic limb movements in sleep with selegiline HCl","volume":"17","author":"Grewal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200010000-00013","article-title":"Valproate for sleep consolidation in periodic limb movement disorder","volume":"20","author":"Ehrenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib93","first-page":"183","article-title":"Exogenous melatonin in periodic limb movement disorder: an open clinical trial and a hypothesis","volume":"24","author":"Kunz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.239","article-title":"Sleep laboratory studies in periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) patients as compared with normals and acute effects of ropinirole","volume":"16","author":"Saletu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(01)00080-3","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD): acute placebo-controlled sleep laboratory studies with clonazepam","volume":"11","author":"Saletu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101575","article-title":"Comparison between dopaminergic agents and physical exercise as treatment for periodic limb movements in patients with spinal cord injury","volume":"42","author":"De Mello","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1087079205001437?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1087079205001437?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T03:55:47Z","timestamp":1555646147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1087079205001437"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1087079205001437"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.12.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1087-0792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-0792","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}