{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:27:41Z","timestamp":1790436461669,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]],"date-time":"2008-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1217548800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,6,7]],"date-time":"2008-06-07T05:13:27Z","timestamp":1212815607000},"page":"275-288","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Nonrestorative sleep"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kristen C.","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina S.","family":"McCrae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anupama","family":"Kalsekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Lichstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib1","series-title":"Chronic fatigue syndrome","first-page":"95","article-title":"Nonrestorative sleep, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and psychological distress in chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, temporal mandibular joint dysfunction disorders","author":"Moldofsky","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib2","series-title":"The international classification of sleep disorders: diagnostic & coding manual, ICSD-2","year":"2005"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62578-6","article-title":"Insomnia","volume":"65","author":"Hauri","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib4","series-title":"Principles and practices of sleep medicine","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndromes","author":"Moldofsky","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib5","series-title":"Principles and practices of sleep medicine","first-page":"91","article-title":"Mammalian sleep","author":"Zepelin","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60069-2","article-title":"Sleep as restorative process: human clues","volume":"53","author":"Oswald","year":"1980","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1126\/science.982039","article-title":"Sleep in mammals: ecological and constitutional correlates","volume":"194","author":"Allison","year":"1976","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1939.25","article-title":"Mitotic rhythm in human epidermis","volume":"2","author":"Cooper","year":"1939","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12263.x","article-title":"The diurnal mitotic rhythm in the human epidermis","volume":"80","author":"Fisher","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-118-29861","article-title":"Circadian rhythmic pituitary adrenocorticotropic activity, rectal temperature and pinnal mitosis of starving, dehydrated C mice","volume":"118","author":"Halberg","year":"1965","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib11","first-page":"107","article-title":"Intradaily variation of the human ulnar length and short term growth\u2014a longitudinal study in eleven boys","volume":"42","author":"Valk","year":"1978","journal-title":"Growth"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1159\/000124330","article-title":"Mammalian sleep, longevity, and energy metabolism","volume":"10","author":"Zepelin","year":"1974","journal-title":"Brain Behav Evol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.1.35","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of nonrestorative sleep complaints","volume":"165","author":"Ohayon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00449-X","article-title":"Prevalence of insomnia and associated factors in South Korea","volume":"53","author":"Ohayon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200012000-00019","article-title":"Prevalence and patterns of problematic sleep among older adolescents","volume":"39","author":"Ohayon","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib16","first-page":"s123","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of nonrestorative sleep in those 65 years and older","volume":"6","author":"Morlock","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.26344","article-title":"Correlates of sleep complaints in adults: ARIC study","volume":"1","author":"Phillips","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00446-4","article-title":"Impact of insomnia on future functioning of adolescents","volume":"53","author":"Roberts","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(01)00285-9","article-title":"What are the contributing factors for insomnia in the general population?","volume":"51","author":"Ohayon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib20","unstructured":"International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: 10th revision; 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib21","unstructured":"ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioral disorders: diagnostic criteria for research. \u3008http:\/\/www3.who.int\/icd\/vol1htm2003\/fr-icd.htm\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib22","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00161.x","article-title":"A reconceptualization of EEG alpha activities as an index of arousal during sleep: all alpha activity is not equal","volume":"4","author":"Pivik","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/h0084280","article-title":"Sleep physiology and psychological aspects of the fibrositis (fibromyalgia) syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Anch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib25","first-page":"1113","article-title":"Sleep cycles and alpha-delta sleep in fibromyalgia syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Branco","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/34.7.629","article-title":"Sleep intensity in fibromyalgia: focus on the microstructure of the sleep process","volume":"34","author":"Drewes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-197507000-00008","article-title":"Musculoskeletal symptoms and non-REM sleep disturbance in patients with \u2018fibrositis syndrome\u2019 and healthy subjects","author":"Moldofsky","year":"1975","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200101)44:1<222::AID-ANR29>3.0.CO;2-K","article-title":"Alpha sleep characteristics in fibromyalgia","volume":"44","author":"Roizenblatt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib29","first-page":"579","article-title":"Juvenile fibromyalgia: clinical and polysomnographic aspects","volume":"24","author":"Roizenblatt","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib30","unstructured":"Hays RD, Morlock RJ, Spritzer K, Drake C, Roth T. Psychometric properties of the restorative sleep questionnaire and daytime consequences of sleep questionnaire. Annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies. Denver, CO; 2005."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.08.015","article-title":"Brief and distinct empirical sleepiness and fatigue scales","volume":"60","author":"Bailes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.6.751","article-title":"What are the important risk factors for daytime sleepiness and fatigue in women?","volume":"29","author":"Theorell-Haglow","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.10.032","article-title":"Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea and periodic limb movement in 45 subjects with heart transplantation","volume":"25","author":"Javaheri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2003.01133.x","article-title":"Low sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in obese patients without obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"253","author":"Resta","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200302-265OC","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing and sleep apnea in middle-aged urban Indian men","volume":"169","author":"Udwadia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(01)00069-7","article-title":"Clinical prediction of periodic leg movements during sleep in children","volume":"2","author":"Chervin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib37","first-page":"26","article-title":"Special considerations in insomnia diagnosis and management: depressed, elderly, and chronic pain populations","volume":"65","author":"Benca","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib38","first-page":"1577","article-title":"The London fibromyalgia epidemiology study: comparing the demographic and clinical characteristics in 100 random community cases of fibromyalgia versus controls","volume":"26","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.10.3690","article-title":"High nocturnal melatonin in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"85","author":"Knook","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199711000-00006","article-title":"Do patients with \u201cpure\u201d chronic fatigue syndrome (neurasthenia) have abnormal sleep?","volume":"59","author":"Sharpley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-4-6","article-title":"Sleep assessment in a population-based study of chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Unger","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib42","series-title":"Sleep \u201986","first-page":"284","article-title":"The alpha sleep pattern-quantitative analysis and functional aspects","author":"Scheuler","year":"1988"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib43","first-page":"939","article-title":"Sleep, Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection, musculoskeletal pain, and depressive symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Whelton","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00136-6","article-title":"CAP variables and arousals as sleep electroencephalogram markers for primary insomnia","volume":"114","author":"Terzano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.4.751","article-title":"Symptoms of insomnia among adolescents in the lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas","volume":"27","author":"Roberts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib46","first-page":"112","article-title":"Fibromyalgia in children: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"87","author":"Romano","year":"1991","journal-title":"W Va Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.4.406","article-title":"The effects of age, sex, ethnicity, and sleep-disordered breathing on sleep architecture","volume":"164","author":"Redline","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.11.1457","article-title":"Epidemiology of insomnia, depression, and anxiety","volume":"28","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib49","first-page":"s14","article-title":"The sensitivity and specificity of the sleep assessment questionnaire (SAQ) as a measure of nonrestorative sleep","volume":"22","author":"Cesta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.166","article-title":"The National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R): background and aims","volume":"13","author":"Kessler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.7.925","article-title":"Validation of the sleep-EVAL system against clinical assessments of sleep disorders and polysomnographic data","volume":"22","author":"Ohayon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(04)90004-4","article-title":"Evolution of insomnia: current status and future direction","volume":"5","author":"Roth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib53","series-title":"Guidance for industry patient-reported outcome measures: use in medical product development to support labeling claims","year":"2006"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.05.039","article-title":"Sleep problems, comorbid mental disorders, and role functioning in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"60","author":"Roth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2002.00317.x","article-title":"Insomnia and global sleep dissatisfaction in Finland","volume":"11","author":"Ohayon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Sleep Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.07.001","article-title":"Relationship between chronic painful physical condition and insomnia","volume":"39","author":"Ohayon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022257514209","article-title":"Daytime functioning in Obstructive Sleep Apnea patients: Exercise, tolerance, subjective fatigue, and sleepiness","volume":"23","author":"Aguillard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00029-6","article-title":"Fatigue and sleep disorders","volume":"35","author":"Lichstein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1087079207001505?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1087079207001505?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]],"date-time":"2020-05-06T03:32:52Z","timestamp":1588735972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1087079207001505"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S1087079207001505"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1087-0792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-0792","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,8]]}}}