{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T11:41:31Z","timestamp":1790336491704,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]],"date-time":"2010-07-15T05:16:47Z","timestamp":1279171007000},"page":"187-196","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Autonomic disturbances in narcolepsy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Plazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keivan Kaveh","family":"Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo Serra","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Donadio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Vetrugno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Liguori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Zoccoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Poli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Pizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uberto","family":"Pagotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib1","series-title":"Diagnostic and coding manual","article-title":"International classification of sleep disorders","author":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.08.010","article-title":"Nocturnal aspects of narcolepsy with cataplexy","volume":"12","author":"Plazzi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"9211","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)74704-8","article-title":"Increased body-mass index in patients with narcolepsy","volume":"355","author":"Schuld","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2003.156","article-title":"Hypocretin deficiency in narcoleptic humans is associated with abdominal obesity","volume":"11","author":"Kok","year":"2003","journal-title":"Obes Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.11.1491","article-title":"Body mass index-independent metabolic alterations in narcolepsy with cataplexy","volume":"32","author":"Poli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib6","series-title":"Narcolepsy and hypersomnia","author":"Roth","year":"1980"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.1.227","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction in narcoleptic patients","volume":"9","author":"Karacan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458808991598","article-title":"Compound narcolepsy: development of biochemical imbalance","volume":"42","author":"Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458808991597","article-title":"Compound narcolepsy: sleep pattern and involution","volume":"42","author":"Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.5.576","article-title":"A comparison of idiopathic hypersomnia and narcolepsy-cataplexy using self report measures and sleep diary data","volume":"60","author":"Bruck","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib11","first-page":"258","article-title":"Pupillographic assessment of sleepiness in sleep-deprived healthy subjects","volume":"21","author":"Wilhelm","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.08.039","article-title":"Orexin-A inputs onto visuomotor cell groups in the monkey brainstem","volume":"164","author":"Schreyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e3282f39173","article-title":"The pupil","volume":"21","author":"Wilhelm","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2008.00654.x","article-title":"The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation","volume":"45","author":"Bradley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.19.10.921","article-title":"The pupillogram and narcolepsy. A method to measure decreased levels of wakefulness","volume":"19","author":"Yoss","year":"1969","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.20.6.545","article-title":"Pupil size and spontaneous pupillary waves associated with alertness, drowsiness, and sleep","volume":"20","author":"Yoss","year":"1970","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(84)90171-8","article-title":"Patterns of daytime sleepiness in narcoleptics and normals: a pupillometric study","volume":"57","author":"Pressman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74173-X","article-title":"Ophthalmic manifestations of narcolepsy","volume":"103","author":"Norman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1996.00265.x","article-title":"Neurological pupillary noise in narcolepsy","volume":"5","author":"O'Neill","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)51571-2","article-title":"Penile tumescence in temporally normal and pathologic rapid eye movement sleep","volume":"130","author":"Scharf","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.43.6.535","article-title":"Autonomic control of cardiovascular reflexes in narcolepsy","volume":"43","author":"Sachs","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/5.3.227","article-title":"Autonomic regulation of cardiopulmonary functions in sleep apnea syndrome and narcolepsy","volume":"5","author":"Sachs","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.1.222","article-title":"Narcolepsy, cataplexy, heart rate, and blood pressure","volume":"9","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1994.tb00119.x","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system function in narcolepsy","volume":"3","author":"Hublin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib25","unstructured":"Grimaldi D, Pierangeli G, Barletta G, Terlizzi R, Plazzi G, Cevoli S, et\u00a0al. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability reveals an enhanced sympathetic activity in narcolepsy with cataplexy. Clin Neurophysiol; in press."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1007\/s004150050080","article-title":"Autonomic function in narcolepsy: power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability","volume":"244","author":"Ferini-Strambi","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27188","article-title":"Increased heart rate variability but normal resting metabolic rate in hypocretin\/orexin-deficient human narcolepsy","volume":"4","author":"Fronczek","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1931.02230070056004","article-title":"Narcolepsy","author":"Cave","year":"1931","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-193413010-00001","article-title":"Narcolepsy","volume":"13","author":"Daniels","year":"1934","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"9197","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)05582-8","article-title":"Hypocretin (orexin) deficiency in human narcolepsy","volume":"355","author":"Nishino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00012-6","article-title":"Increased body mass index (BMI) in male narcoleptic patients, but not in HLA-DR2-positive healthy male volunteers","volume":"3","author":"Schuld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060170057","article-title":"Increased prevalence of obesity in narcoleptic patients and relatives","volume":"251","author":"Dahmen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2003.10.006","article-title":"A putative link between childhood narcolepsy and obesity","volume":"5","author":"Kotagal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21965","article-title":"Cataplexy features in childhood narcolepsy","volume":"23","author":"Serra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.1.75","article-title":"Spontaneous food choice in narcolepsy","volume":"19","author":"Lammers","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1995.tb02957.x","article-title":"Circadian distribution of motor activity and immobility in narcolepsy: assessment with continuous motor activity monitoring","volume":"32","author":"Middelkoop","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.10.1267","article-title":"Eating disorder and metabolism in narcoleptic patients","volume":"30","author":"Chabas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI0215736","article-title":"Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat\u2013functional implications","volume":"110","author":"Kreier","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib39","first-page":"962","article-title":"Basal metabolic rate in narcoleptic patients","volume":"32","author":"Dahmen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.87.2.805","article-title":"Reduction of plasma leptin levels and loss of its circadian rhythmicity in hypocretin (orexin)-deficient narcoleptic humans","volume":"87","author":"Kok","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119717","article-title":"Entrainment of the diurnal rhythm of plasma leptin to meal timing","volume":"100","author":"Schoeller","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5762","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1003","article-title":"Leptin levels are dependent on sleep duration: relationships with sympathovagal balance, carbohydrate regulation, cortisol, and thyrotropin","volume":"89","author":"Spiegel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1130","article-title":"Low cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin (Orexin) and altered energy homeostasis in human narcolepsy","volume":"50","author":"Nishino","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.8.1017","article-title":"CSF versus serum leptin in narcolepsy: is there an effect of hypocretin deficiency?","volume":"29","author":"Arnulf","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)90110-4","article-title":"Circadian rhythms in narcolepsy:studies on a 90\u00a0minute day","volume":"90","author":"Dantz","year":"1994","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(97)00241-4","article-title":"Circadian temperature and activity rhythms in unmedicated narcoleptic patients","volume":"58","author":"Mayer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.2.233","article-title":"Manipulation of core body and skin temperature improves vigilance and maintenance of wakefulness in narcolepsy","volume":"31","author":"Fronczek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.11.1444","article-title":"Altered skin-temperature regulation in narcolepsy relates to sleep propensity","volume":"29","author":"Fronczek","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.2.113","article-title":"Adrenergic hyperactivity and cardiac abnormality in primary disorders of sleep","volume":"30","author":"Clark","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WNP.0000167933.33532.71","article-title":"Brainstem hyperexcitability during cataplexy","volume":"22","author":"Quinto","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00306-0","article-title":"Effects of startle and laughter in cataplectic subjects: a neurophysiological study between attacks","volume":"111","author":"Lammers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm292","article-title":"Abnormal activity in hypothalamus and amygdala during humor processing in human narcolepsy with cataplexy","volume":"131","author":"Schwartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2005.04.014","article-title":"Psychosomatics and psychopathology: looking up and down from the brain","volume":"30","author":"Thayer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoendocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.119.1.87","article-title":"Emotional response in patients with frontal brain damage: effects of affective and information content","volume":"119","author":"Sanchez-Navarro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2007.00587.x","article-title":"Amygdala dysfunction in narcolepsy-cataplexy","volume":"16","author":"Khatami","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1291","article-title":"Increased frequency of migraine in narcoleptic patients","volume":"52","author":"Dahmen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00343.x","article-title":"Increased frequency of migraine in narcoleptic patients: a confirmatory study","volume":"23","author":"Dahmen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2003.00594.x","article-title":"Migraine and idiopathic narcolepsy \u2013 a case-control study","volume":"23","author":"The DMKG Study Group","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3109\/00207458108985846","article-title":"An etiology of narcolepsy-cataplexy and a proposed cataplexy neuromechanism","volume":"15","author":"Scrima","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(77)90219-X","article-title":"Characteristics of the experimental reflex sleep induced by vago-aortic nerve stimulation","volume":"42","author":"Puizillout","year":"1977","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib61","first-page":"65","article-title":"Clinical aspects and features of cataplexy","volume":"67","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1995","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.1.216","article-title":"Heart rate and blood pressure changes associated with cataplexy in canine narcolepsy","volume":"9","author":"Siegel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2 Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.2_Suppl_1.S8","article-title":"Investigations into the neurologic basis of narcolepsy","volume":"50","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00412-0","article-title":"A video-polygraphic analysis of the cataplectic attack","volume":"111","author":"Rubboli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2008.00682.x","article-title":"Sympathetic and cardiovascular activity during cataplexy in narcolepsy","volume":"17","author":"Donadio","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.10.012","article-title":"Behavioural and neurophysiological correlates of human cataplexy: a video-polygraphic study","volume":"121","author":"Vetrugno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.5.558","article-title":"Emotional information processing in patients with narcolepsy: a psychophysiologic investigation","volume":"26","author":"Tucci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00363-1","article-title":"Cardiac activation during arousal in humans: further evidence for hierarchy in the arousal response","volume":"111","author":"Sforza","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(01)00149-6","article-title":"Atlas, rules, and recording techniques for the scoring of cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in human sleep","volume":"2","author":"Terzano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.08.004","article-title":"NREM sleep alterations in narcolepsy\/cataplexy","volume":"116","author":"Ferri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.12.003","article-title":"Cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) alterations in narcolepsy","volume":"7","author":"Terzano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1080\/87565640903133699","article-title":"Sleep polygraphic study of children and adolescents with narcolepsy\/cataplexy","volume":"34","author":"Ferri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2000.00190.x","article-title":"Cyclic alternating pattern and spectral analysis of heart rate variability during normal sleep","volume":"9","author":"Ferri","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00212-6","article-title":"The impact of cyclic alternating pattern on heart rate variability during sleep in healthy young adults","volume":"111","author":"Ferini-Strambi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000121364.74439.6a","article-title":"Baroreflex buffering of sympathetic activation during sleep: evidence from autonomic assessment of sleep macroarchitecture and microarchitecture","volume":"43","author":"Iellamo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.05.002","article-title":"Hypocretin\/orexin disturbances in neurological disorders","volume":"13","author":"Fronczek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-08-03171.1999","article-title":"Hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin): robust innervation of the spinal cord","volume":"19","author":"van den Pol","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(00)00202-0","article-title":"Orexins: a role in medullary sympathetic outflow","volume":"96","author":"Dun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R639","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00359.2002","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of leptin and orexins","volume":"284","author":"Shirasaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20515","article-title":"Orexin-A projections to the caudal medulla and orexin-induced c-Fos expression, food intake, and autonomic function","volume":"485","author":"Zheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3109\/10641969509087066","article-title":"Functional anatomy of sympathetic premotor cell groups in the medulla","volume":"17","author":"McAllen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Exp Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.012989","article-title":"Role of the medullary raphe in thermoregulatory vasomotor control in rats","volume":"540","author":"Tanaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-005-0761-x","article-title":"Orexin inputs to caudal raphe neurons involved in thermal, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal regulation","volume":"123","author":"Berthoud","year":"2005","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib84","first-page":"1569","article-title":"CNS origins of the sympathetic nervous system outflow to brown adipose tissue","volume":"276","author":"Bamshad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib85","first-page":"290","article-title":"GABA-mediated inhibition of raphe pallidus neurons regulates sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue","volume":"276","author":"Morrison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00459-0","article-title":"Raphe pallidus and parapyramidal neurons regulate ear pinna vascular conductance in the rabbit","volume":"270","author":"Blessing","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00251-2","article-title":"Raphe magnus\/pallidus neurons regulate tail but not mesenteric arterial blood flow in rats","volume":"105","author":"Blessing","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5370","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1219-04.2004","article-title":"Identification of sympathetic premotor neurons in medullary raphe regions mediating fever and other thermoregulatory functions","volume":"24","author":"Nakamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2007.041848","article-title":"Central control of thermogenesis in mammals","volume":"93","author":"Morrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02981-0","article-title":"Disinhibition of rostral raphe pallidus neurons increases cardiac sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate","volume":"980","author":"Cao","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.06.039","article-title":"Activation of lateral hypothalamic neurons stimulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis","volume":"135","author":"Cerri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.2.748","article-title":"Orexins, orexigenic hypothalamic peptides, interact with autonomic, neuroendocrine and neuroregulatory systems","volume":"96","author":"Date","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.429","article-title":"To eat or to sleep? Orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness","volume":"24","author":"Willie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3022(03)00028-1","article-title":"The orexin\/hypocretin system: a critical regulator of neuroendocrine and autonomic function","volume":"24","author":"Ferguson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(01)00352-4","article-title":"Neuronal effects of orexins: relevant to sympathetic and cardiovascular functions","volume":"104","author":"Shirasaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5991","DOI":"10.1210\/en.140.12.5991","article-title":"Orexin receptors are expressed in the adrenal medulla of the rat","volume":"140","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2000.278.3.R692","article-title":"Pressor effects of orexins injected intracisternally and to rostral ventrolateral medulla of anesthetized rats","volume":"278","author":"Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.6.1382","article-title":"Central orexin-A augments sympathoadrenal outflow in conscious rabbits","volume":"37","author":"Matsumura","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01457-2","article-title":"Cardiovascular regulatory actions of the hypocretins in brain","volume":"831","author":"Samson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib100","first-page":"1780","article-title":"Sympathetic and cardiovascular actions of orexins in conscious rats","volume":"277","author":"Shirasaka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1801","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.281.6.R1801","article-title":"Orexins\/hypocretins excite rat sympathetic preganglionic neurons in vivo and in vitro","volume":"281","author":"Antunes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(01)00351-2","article-title":"Pressor response to microinjection of orexin\/hypocretin into rostral ventrolateral medulla of awake rats","volume":"104","author":"Machado","year":"2002","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2003.08.008","article-title":"Cardioacceleratory responses to hypocretin-1 injections into rostral ventromedial medulla","volume":"991","author":"Ciriello","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00877.2002","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of hypocretin-1 in nucleus of the solitary tract","volume":"284","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03048-2","article-title":"Microinjection of orexin into the rat nucleus tractus solitarius causes increases in blood pressure","volume":"950","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2007.07.016","article-title":"Nitric oxide and GABA mediate bi-directional cardiovascular effects of orexin in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats","volume":"149","author":"Shih","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020623101006","article-title":"Dose-different effects of orexin-A on the renal sympathetic nerve and blood pressure in urethane-anesthetized rats","volume":"231","author":"Tanida","year":"2006","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R581","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00671.2002","article-title":"Attenuated defense response and low basal blood pressure in orexin knockout mice","volume":"285","author":"Kayaba","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/153537020122600513","article-title":"Orexin-A regulates body temperature in coordination with arousal status","volume":"226","author":"Yoshimichi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Exp Biol Med (Maywood)"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-0115(01)00348-2","article-title":"Effects of orexins on energy balance and thermoregulation","volume":"104","author":"Sz\u00e9kely","year":"2002","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.930516","article-title":"Clozapine blocks sympathetic and thermogenic reactions induced by orexin A in rat","volume":"53","author":"Monda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03953-7","article-title":"Paradoxical [correction of parodoxical] effect of orexin A: hypophagia induced by hyperthermia","volume":"961","author":"Monda","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04309.x","article-title":"Hyperthermic reactions induced by orexin A: role of the ventromedial hypothalamus","volume":"22","author":"Monda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib114","first-page":"219","article-title":"Central thermoregulatory effects of neuropeptide Y and orexin A in rats","volume":"86","author":"Balasko","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Hung"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2006.10.002","article-title":"Sympathetic and hyperthermic reactions by orexin A: role of cerebral catecholaminergic neurons","volume":"139","author":"Monda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Regul Pept"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.08.031","article-title":"Biphasic effects of orexin-A on autonomic nerve activity and lipolysis","volume":"444","author":"Shen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00293-8","article-title":"Genetic ablation of orexin neurons in mice results in narcolepsy, hypophagia, and obesity","volume":"30","author":"Hara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.01.046","article-title":"Difference in obesity phenotype between orexin-knockout mice and orexin neuron-deficient mice with same genetic background and environmental conditions","volume":"380","author":"Hara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81973-X","article-title":"Narcolepsy in orexin knockout mice: molecular genetics of sleep regulation","volume":"98","author":"Chemelli","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.19.4.413","article-title":"Hypocretin\/Orexin: a molecular link between sleep, energy regulation, and pleasure","volume":"19","author":"Ganjavi","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00331-3","article-title":"Hypothalamic orexin neurons regulate arousal according to energy balance in mice","volume":"38","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.1.55","article-title":"Hypoglycemia counterregulation during sleep","author":"Gais","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.5.1195","article-title":"Sleep-related hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in type 1 diabetes: reduced awakening from sleep during hypoglycemia","volume":"52","author":"Banarer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.9994","article-title":"Stimulation of gastric acid secretion by centrally administered orexin-A in conscious rats","volume":"254","author":"Takahashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00264.2001","article-title":"Orexins in rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus potently stimulate gastric motor function","volume":"283","author":"Krowicki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00611-4","article-title":"Hypothalamic orexin A-immunoreactive neurons project to the rat dorsal medulla","volume":"273","author":"Harrison","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2007.11.006","article-title":"Do enteric neurons make hypocretin?","volume":"147","author":"Baumann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Regul Pept"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1087079210000614?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1087079210000614?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T23:14:34Z","timestamp":1685661274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1087079210000614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1087079210000614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2010.05.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1087-0792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-0792","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}}}