{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:50:51Z","timestamp":1791111051086,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NeuroSleep, Centre of Research Excellence in Interdisciplinary Sleep Health"},{"name":"Australian National Health & Medical Research Council (NHRMC","award":["APP1060992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1060992"]}]},{"name":"Australian National Health & Medical Research Council (NHRMC","award":["APP571421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP571421"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology at the Woolcock Institute of Medial Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["smrv-journal.com","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sleep Medicine Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,19]],"date-time":"2016-10-19T09:32:39Z","timestamp":1476869559000},"page":"29-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Quantitative electroencephalogram measures in adult obstructive sleep apnea \u2013 Potential biomarkers of neurobehavioural functioning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Angela L.","family":"D'Rozario","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7325-7646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan E.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Vakulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delwyn J.","family":"Bartlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith K.H.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald R.","family":"Grunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.9.705","article-title":"Estimation of the clinically diagnosed proportion of sleep apnea syndrome in middle-aged men and women","volume":"20","author":"Young","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00043-0","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in the general population: the HypnoLaus study","volume":"3","author":"Heinzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","article-title":"Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults","volume":"177","author":"Peppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27662","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of motor vehicle crash: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"5","author":"Tregear","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib5","first-page":"208","article-title":"Impaired vigilance and increased accident rate in public transport operators is associated with sleep disorders","volume":"51C","author":"Karimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200312-1782OC","article-title":"Sleepiness, sleep-disordered breathing, and accident risk factors in commercial vehicle drivers","volume":"170","author":"Howard","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3792","article-title":"Individual variability and predictors of driving simulator impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"10","author":"Vakulin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt305","article-title":"The role of sleepiness, sleep disorders, and the work environment on heavy-vehicle crashes in 2 Australian states","volume":"179","author":"Stevenson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2008.07.008","article-title":"Defining common outcome metrics used in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"12","author":"Al-Shawwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcp.0000183059.52924.39","article-title":"Neurobehavioral effects of obstructive sleep apnea: an overview and heuristic model","volume":"11","author":"Beebe","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.3.303","article-title":"The association between obstructive sleep apnea and neurocognitive performance\u2013the Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES)","volume":"34","author":"Quan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s683","DOI":"10.2741\/1064","article-title":"Mathematical models of sleep regulation","volume":"8","author":"Achermann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib13","first-page":"195","article-title":"A two process model of sleep regulation","volume":"1","author":"Borbely","year":"1982","journal-title":"Hum Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5.2S.S6","article-title":"Regulation and functional correlates of slow wave sleep","volume":"5","author":"Dijk","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1988.68.3.649","article-title":"The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay","volume":"68","author":"Steriade","year":"1988","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1938.1.6.521","article-title":"A fourier transform of the electroencephalogram","volume":"1","author":"Grass","year":"1938","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib17","series-title":"Clinical electroencephalography and topographic brain mapping: Technology and practice","author":"Duffy","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.10.890","article-title":"Power density in theta\/alpha frequencies of the waking EEG progressively increases during sustained wakefulness","volume":"18","author":"Cajochen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00904-X","article-title":"Dynamics of the human EEG during prolonged wakefulness: evidence for frequency-specific circadian and homeostatic influences","volume":"239","author":"Aeschbach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00409-7","article-title":"Dual electroencephalogram markers of human sleep homeostasis: correlation between theta activity in waking and slow-wave activity in sleep","volume":"101","author":"Finelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib21","first-page":"R1771","article-title":"Two circadian rhythms in the human electroencephalogram during wakefulness","volume":"277","author":"Aeschbach","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00209-9","article-title":"Separation of circadian and wake duration-dependent modulation of EEG activation during wakefulness","volume":"114","author":"Cajochen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087346","article-title":"Awareness during drowsiness: dynamics and electrophysiological correlates","volume":"54","author":"Makeig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(03)00033-8","article-title":"Subjective sleepiness correlates negatively with global alpha (8\u201312 Hz) and positively with central frontal theta (4\u20138 Hz) frequencies in the human resting awake electroencephalogram","volume":"340","author":"Strijkstra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib25","first-page":"R640","article-title":"EEG and ocular correlates of circadian melatonin phase and human performance decrements during sleep loss","volume":"277","author":"Cajochen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.01.017","article-title":"Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement","volume":"117","author":"Oken","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1992.tb00021.x","article-title":"Circadian and sleep\/wake dependent aspects of subjective alertness and cognitive performance","volume":"1","author":"Dijk","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.3.236","article-title":"Relations between performance and subjective ratings of sleepiness during a night awake","volume":"17","author":"Gillberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(03)00158-5","article-title":"Spectral composition of NREM sleep in healthy subjects with moderately increased daytime sleepiness","volume":"114","author":"Wichniak","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.2006.18.4.529","article-title":"Delta power in sleep in relation to neuropsychological performance in healthy subjects and schizophrenia patients","volume":"18","author":"G\u00f6der","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.00038","article-title":"Prefrontal cortex: Links between low frequency delta EEG in sleep and neuropsychological performance in healthy, older people","volume":"40","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.12.003","article-title":"The function of the sleep spindle: a physiological index of intelligence and a mechanism for sleep-dependent memory consolidation","volume":"35","author":"Fogel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53752-2.00012-6","article-title":"Age-related changes in the cognitive function of sleep","volume":"191","author":"Pace-Schott","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.1.45","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness and EEG spectral analysis in apneic patients before and after treatment with continuous positive airway pressure","volume":"119","author":"Morisson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.03.014","article-title":"Association between waking electroencephalography and cognitive event-related potentials in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"14","author":"Baril","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.009","article-title":"Does age worsen EEG slowing and attention deficits in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome?","volume":"118","author":"Mathieu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.11.002","article-title":"EEG spectral power and sleepiness during 24 h of sustained wakefulness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"119","author":"Gren\u00e8che","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0335-6","article-title":"Quantitative spectral analysis of vigilance EEG in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: EEG mapping in OSAS patients","volume":"15","author":"Xiromeritis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2013.02.022","article-title":"A new EEG biomarker of neurobehavioural impairment and sleepiness in sleep apnea patients and controls during extended wakefulness","volume":"124","author":"D'Rozario","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.98.11051135","article-title":"Spectral analysis of wakefulness and REM sleep EEG in patients with sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Morisson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00117507","article-title":"Severity of obstructive sleep apnoea\/hypopnoea syndrome and subsequent waking EEG spectral power","volume":"32","author":"Gren\u00e8che","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.00267302","article-title":"Is waking electroencephalographic activity a predictor of daytime sleepiness in sleep-related breathing disorders?","volume":"19","author":"Sforza","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.09.003","article-title":"Effect of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on the subsequent EEG spectral power and sleepiness over sustained wakefulness in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Gren\u00e8che","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4912","article-title":"Modafinil increases awake EEG activation and improves performance in obstructive sleep apnea during continuous positive airway pressure withdrawal","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.1.111","article-title":"The effect of CPAP in normalizing daytime sleepiness, quality of life, and neurocognitive function in patients with moderate to severe OSA","volume":"34","author":"Antic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(87)90183-0","article-title":"Changes in electrical activity of the brain with vigilance","volume":"66","author":"Belyavin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/10.553713","article-title":"Estimating alertness from the EEG power spectrum","volume":"44","author":"Jung","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1063\/1.166141","article-title":"Quantification of scaling exponents and crossover phenomena in nonstationary heartbeat time series","volume":"5","author":"Peng","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20016","article-title":"Scale-free dynamics of global functional connectivity in the human brain","volume":"22","author":"Stam","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2012.04.007","article-title":"Improvement of EEG slowing in OSAS after CPAP treatment","volume":"73","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3700","article-title":"Hypercapnia is a key correlate of EEG activation and daytime sleepiness in hypercapnic sleep disordered breathing patients","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3109\/15622971003637645","article-title":"Slow-wave sleep deficiency and enhancement: implications for insomnia and its management","volume":"11","author":"Dijk","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940403500304","article-title":"Visual assessment of selected high amplitude frontopolar slow waves of sleep: differences between healthy subjects and apnea patients","volume":"35","author":"Himanen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.05.005","article-title":"Reorganization of sleep patterns in severe OSAS under prolonged CPAP treatment","volume":"116","author":"Parrino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.01.17508380","article-title":"Sleep and daytime sleepiness in upper airway resistance syndrome compared to obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11517-010-0696-9","article-title":"Cross-correlation of EEG frequency bands and heart rate variability for sleep apnoea classification","volume":"48","author":"Abdullah","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Biol Eng Comput"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.6.1807","article-title":"Slow-wave activity in sleep apnea patients before and after continuous positive airway pressure treatment: contribution to daytime sleepiness","volume":"119","author":"Heinzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(02)00239-3","article-title":"Spindle frequency remains slow in sleep apnea patients throughout the night","volume":"4","author":"Himanen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00389-9","article-title":"Sleep architecture, slow wave activity and sleep spindles in mild sleep disordered breathing","volume":"114","author":"Ondze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3424","article-title":"Regional reductions in sleep electroencephalography power in obstructive sleep apnea: a high-density EEG Study","volume":"37","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/155005940904000308","article-title":"Visual dysfunction and computational sleep depth changes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Saunamaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.01.007","article-title":"Slow wave sleep in patients with respiratory failure","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01008.2015","article-title":"Hypercapnia is more important than hypoxia in the neuro-outcomes of sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.153","article-title":"The influence of carbon dioxide on brain activity and metabolism in conscious humans","volume":"31","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1979.tb02991.x","article-title":"Systematic trends across the night in human sleep cycles","volume":"16","author":"Feinberg","year":"1979","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7328725","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7328725","article-title":"Spindle oscillations in sleep disorders: a systematic review","volume":"2016","author":"Weiner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2202-13-89","article-title":"Topography-specific spindle frequency changes in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"13","author":"Schonwald","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5522","article-title":"Mild airflow limitation during N2 sleep increases k-complex frequency and slows electroencephalographic activity","volume":"39","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.6304","article-title":"Arousal intensity is a distinct pathophysiological trait in obstructive sleep apnea","author":"Amatoury","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200408-1056OC","article-title":"Electroencephalographic changes during respiratory cycles predict sleepiness in sleep apnea","volume":"171","author":"Chervin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.09.004","article-title":"Quantitative sleep EEG and polysomnographic predictors of driving simulator performance in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"127","author":"Vakulin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib72","first-page":"203","article-title":"Respiratory cycle-related EEG changes: response to CPAP","volume":"35","author":"Chervin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00090-9","article-title":"Sleep apnoea and the brain: a complex relationship","volume":"3","author":"Rosenzweig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.2002.00289.x","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and the prefrontal cortex: towards a comprehensive model linking nocturnal upper airway obstruction to daytime cognitive and behavioral deficits","volume":"11","author":"Beebe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4487","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4567-14.2015","article-title":"Neural and behavioral correlates of extended training during sleep deprivation in humans: evidence for local, task-specific effects","volume":"35","author":"Bernardi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10009","article-title":"Local sleep in awake rats","volume":"472","author":"Vyazovskiy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.04.012","article-title":"Comparing the effect of hypercapnia and hypoxia on the electroencephalogram during wakefulness","volume":"126","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib78","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of CO2 and N2 partial pressures on cognitive and psychomotor performance","volume":"18","author":"Fothergill","year":"1991","journal-title":"Undersea Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib79","first-page":"109","article-title":"Behavioral effects of increased CO2 load in divers","volume":"17","author":"Henning","year":"1990","journal-title":"Undersea Biomed Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.9.1195","article-title":"Nocturnal hypoxia exposure with simulated altitude for 14 days does not significantly alter working memory or vigilance in humans","volume":"30","author":"Thomas","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.07.013","article-title":"A pilot study of sleep, cognition, and respiration under 4 weeks of intermittent nocturnal hypoxia in adult humans","volume":"10","author":"Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.06.006","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia causes REM sleep deficits and decreases EEG delta power in NREM sleep in the C57BL\/6J mouse","volume":"7","author":"Polotsky","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2490","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.90.6.2490","article-title":"Physiological and genomic consequences of intermittent hypoxia: selected contribution: regulation of sleep-wake states in response to intermittent hypoxic stimuli applied only in sleep","volume":"90","author":"Hamrahi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R19","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00025.2012","article-title":"Human apolipoprotein E4 targeted replacement in mice reveals increased susceptibility to sleep disruption and intermittent hypoxia","volume":"303","author":"Kaushal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.2.194","article-title":"Long-term intermittent hypoxia in mice: protracted hypersomnolence with oxidative injury to sleep-wake brain regions","volume":"27","author":"Veasey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib86","first-page":"6","article-title":"Intermittent hypoxia-induced cognitive deficits are mediated by NADPH oxidase activity in a murine model of Sleep Apnea","author":"Nair","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib87","first-page":"9","article-title":"Disrupted sleep without sleep curtailment induces sleepiness and cognitive dysfunction via the tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 pathway","author":"Ramesh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.11.062","article-title":"Local slow waves in superficial layers of primary cortical areas during REM sleep","volume":"26","author":"Funk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resp.2013.04.021","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing: effects on brain structure and function","volume":"188","author":"Harper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Physiol Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200201-050OC","article-title":"Brain morphology associated with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"166","author":"Macey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib91","first-page":"967","article-title":"Brain structural changes in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"31","author":"Macey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00127603","article-title":"Frontal brain lobe impairment in obstructive sleep apnoea: a proton MR spectroscopy study","volume":"24","author":"Alchanatis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02663","article-title":"Local sleep and learning","volume":"430","author":"Huber","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib94","first-page":"77","article-title":"High density electroencephalography in sleep research: potential, problems, future perspective","volume":"14","author":"Lustenberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196323","article-title":"The role of prefrontal cortex in working-memory capacity, executive attention, and general fluid intelligence: an individual-differences perspective","volume":"9","author":"Kane","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000401","article-title":"Executive frontal functions","volume":"133","author":"Fuster","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1998.00104.x","article-title":"Sleep loss impairs short and novel language tasks having a prefrontal focus","volume":"7","author":"Harrison","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/23.8.1f","article-title":"Prefrontal neuropsychological effects of sleep deprivation in young adults\u2013a model for healthy aging?","volume":"23","author":"Harrison","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3745","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199912160-00004","article-title":"Sleep deprivation-induced reduction in cortical functional response to serial subtraction","volume":"10","author":"Drummond","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01853-5","article-title":"Developmental differences in cortical and hippocampal vulnerability to intermittent hypoxia in the rat","volume":"305","author":"Gozal","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2011.08.001","article-title":"Does abnormal non-rapid eye movement sleep impair declarative memory consolidation?: Disturbed thalamic functions in sleep and memory processing","volume":"16","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200912-1805OC","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and age: a double insult to brain function?","volume":"182","author":"Ayalon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90063-1","article-title":"Topographic EEG changes with normal aging and SDAT","volume":"72","author":"Breslau","year":"1989","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3324","article-title":"Prefrontal atrophy, disrupted NREM slow waves and impaired hippocampal-dependent memory in aging","volume":"16","author":"Mander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(93)90089-T","article-title":"Regional spectral analysis of the REM sleep EEG in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"Petit","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1177\/1550059415603050","article-title":"Quantitative EEG of rapid-eye-movement sleep: a marker of amnestic mild cognitive impairment","volume":"47","author":"Brayet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin EEG Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001566","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing advances cognitive decline in the elderly","volume":"84","author":"Osorio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70172-3","article-title":"Connections between sleep and cognition in older adults","volume":"13","author":"Yaffe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib109","article-title":"Psychomotor vigilance test is associated with subjective, but not objective, daytime sleepiness in sleep apnea","volume":"39","author":"Criley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-7-200910060-00005","article-title":"Effects of alcohol and sleep restriction on simulated driving performance in untreated patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"151","author":"Vakulin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Sleep Medicine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1087079216301162?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1087079216301162?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T15:45:33Z","timestamp":1601135133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1087079216301162"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":110,"alternative-id":["S1087079216301162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.729842430.793540162","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1087-0792"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1087-0792","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Quantitative electroencephalogram measures in adult obstructive sleep apnea \u2013 Potential biomarkers of neurobehavioural functioning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Sleep Medicine Reviews","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.10.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}