{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T10:13:45Z","timestamp":1791972825918,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":342,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010661","name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["668596"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["668596"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","surgonc.theclinics.com","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T02:19:23Z","timestamp":1615256363000},"page":"253-274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Liver Tumors in Pediatric Patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Rebecka","family":"Meyers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiso","family":"Hiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Czauderna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg M.","family":"Tiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Towards an international pediatric liver tumor consensus classification: proceedings of the Los Angeles COG International Pathology Pediatric Liver Tumors Symposium","volume":"26","author":"Lopez-Terrada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50375","article-title":"Epidemiology of primary hepatic malignancies in US children","volume":"38","author":"Darbari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/hpb.12112","article-title":"Predictors of survival and incidence of hepatoblastoma in the pediatric population","volume":"15","author":"Allan","year":"2013","journal-title":"HPB (Oxford)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sempedsurg.2016.09.002","article-title":"Malignant tumors of the liver in children","volume":"25","author":"Aronson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.09.023","article-title":"The Children\u2019s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC): novel global rare tumor database yields new prognostic factors in hepatoblastoma","volume":"52","author":"Czauderna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-014-3000-6","article-title":"Relapse surveillance in AFP-positive hepatoblastoma: re-evaluating the role of imaging","volume":"44","author":"Rojas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e171","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000001171","article-title":"Addition of vincristine and irinotecan to standard therapy in a patient with refractory high-risk hepatoblastoma achieving long-term relapse-free survival","volume":"41","author":"Powers","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2012.10.003","article-title":"Relapses in hepatoblastoma patients: clinical characteristics and outcome\u2014experience of the International childhood liver tumor strategy group SIOPEL","volume":"49","author":"Semeraro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.21834","article-title":"Small cell undifferentiated variant of hepatoblastoma: adverse clinical and molecular features similar to rhabdoid tumors","volume":"52","author":"Trobaugh-Lotrario","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(16)30598-8","article-title":"Risk stratified staging in paediatric hepatoblastoma: a unified analysis from the Children\u2019s Hepatic tumor International Collaboration (CHIC)","volume":"18","author":"Meyers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000046","article-title":"Hepatoblastoma state of the art: pathology, genetics, risk stratification, and chemotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Czauderna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4078-z","article-title":"PRETEXT 2017: radiologic staging system for primary hepatic malignancies of childhood revised for the Paediatric Hepatic International Tumour Trial (PHITT)","volume":"48","author":"Towbin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0361-5","article-title":"2005 PRETEXT: a revised staging system for primary malignant liver tumours of childhood developed by the SIOPEL group","volume":"37","author":"Roebuck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib14","article-title":"Evaluation of the diagnostic biopsy approach for children with hepatoblastoma: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group AHEP0731 Liver Tumor Committee","volume":"11","author":"Weldon","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4072-5","article-title":"Role of Interventional Radiology in managing pediatric liver tumors part two: endovascular interventions","volume":"48","author":"Hawkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10632","article-title":"Pretreatment prognostic factors and treatment results in children with hepatoblastoma: a report from the German Cooperative Pediatric Liver Tumor Study HB94","volume":"95","author":"Fuchs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.07.145","article-title":"Predictive value of the Pretreatment extent of disease system in hepatoblastoma: results from the international society of pediatric oncology liver tumor study group SIOPEL-1 study","volume":"23","author":"Aronson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22088","article-title":"Pretreatment prognostic factors in hepatoblastoma: a report of the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"53","author":"Meyers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2011.12.011","article-title":"Prognostic stratification for children with hepatoblastoma: the SIOPEL experience","volume":"48","author":"Maibach","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28350","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28350","article-title":"The importance of age as a prognostic factor for the outcome of patients with hepatoblastoma: analysis from the Children\u2019s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC) database","volume":"67","author":"H\u00e4berle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib21","unstructured":"Mascarenhas L, Malvar J, Stein J, et\u00a0al. Independent validation of the Children\u2019s Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC) risk stratification for hepatoblastoma. Liver tumors session, 50th Annual Meeting SIOP 2018, Kyoto Japan, November 18, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24217","article-title":"Hepatoblastoma clinical research: lessons learned and future challenges","volume":"59","author":"Perilongo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000042","article-title":"Hepatoblastoma state of the art: PRETEXT, surgical resection guidelines and the role of liver transplantation","volume":"26","author":"Meyers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1014-3250","article-title":"High dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in hepatoblastoma does not improve outcome. Results of the GPOH study HB99","volume":"231","author":"Haeberle","year":"2019","journal-title":"Klin Padiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(18)30895-7","article-title":"Minimal adjuvant chemotherapy for children with hepatoblastoma resected at diagnosis (AHEP0731): a Children\u2019s Oncology Group, multicentre, phase 3 trial","volume":"20","author":"Katzenstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib26","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hepatoblastoma-the evolution of biology, surgery, and transplantation","volume":"6","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9261.142001","article-title":"The treatment of hepatoblastoma: its evolution and the current status as per the SIOPEL trials","volume":"19","author":"Aronson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2009.10.023","article-title":"Defining hepatoblastoma responsiveness to neoadjuvant therapy as measured by tumor volume and serum alpha-fetoprotein kinetics","volume":"45","author":"Lovorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2019.150856","article-title":"Surgical management of locally advanced and metastatic hepatoblastoma","volume":"28","author":"Lake","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000001936","article-title":"POST-TEXT III and IV hepatoblastoma: extended hepatic resection avoids liver transplantation in selected cases","volume":"266","author":"Fuchs","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27383","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27383","article-title":"Surgical treatment strategy for advanced hepatoblastoma: resection versus transplantation","volume":"65","author":"Uchida","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2018.10.013","article-title":"Microscopically positive resection margin after hepatoblastoma resection: what is the impact on prognosis? A Childhood Liver Tumors Strategy Group (SIOPEL) report","volume":"106","author":"Aronson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2007.08.030","article-title":"Surgical resection of pulmonary metastatic lesions in hepatoblastoma","volume":"42","author":"Meyers","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2017.73.5654","article-title":"Characterization of pulmonary metastases in children with hepatoblastoma treated on Children\u2019s Oncology Group protocol AHEP 0731 (The treatment of children with all stages of hepatoblastoma): a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group","volume":"35","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.08.031","article-title":"The role of pulmonary metastasectomy for hepatoblastoma in children with metastasis at diagnosis: results from the JPLT-2 study","volume":"52","author":"Hishiki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.053","article-title":"Relapsed hepatoblastoma confined to the lung is effectively treated with pulmonary metastasecotmy","volume":"51","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-015-3679-y","article-title":"Navigation using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging for hepatoblastoma pulmonary metastases surgery","volume":"31","author":"Kitagawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib38","series-title":"ICG navigation Surgery for metastatic Hepatoblastoma","author":"Bondoc","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-018-4068-1","article-title":"Role of interventional radiology in managing pediatric liver tumors part two: percutaneous interventions","volume":"48","author":"Lundgren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28421","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28421","article-title":"Successful use of transarterial radioembolization with yttrium-90 (TARE-Y90) in two children with hepatoblastoma","volume":"67","author":"Aguado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2376","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801109","article-title":"Sodium thiosulfate for protection from cisplatin induced hearing loss","volume":"25","author":"Brock","year":"2018","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70272-9","article-title":"Dose-dense cisplatin-based chemotherapy and surgery for children with high risk hepatoblastoma (SIOPEL 4): a prospective, single-arm, feasibility study","volume":"14","author":"Zsiros","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib43","unstructured":"Meyers RL, Malogolowkin MH, Krailo M, et\u00a0al. Doxorubicin in combination with cisplatin\/5-flourouracil\/vincristine is feasible and effective in unresectable hepatoblastoma: a report from the Children\u2019s Oncology Group (COG) AHEP0731 Study Committee. Presented High Impact Clinical Trials Session, SIOP 2017,Societe Internationale Oncologie Pediatriqe, October 22, 2016, Dublin, Ireland."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30591","article-title":"Upfront window vincristine\/irinotecan treatment of high risk hepatoblastoma: a report from the children\u2019s oncology group AHEP 0731 study committee","volume":"123","author":"Katzenstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.01067","article-title":"Outcome and late complications of hepatoblastomas treated using the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric Liver Tumor 2 Protocol","volume":"38","author":"Hiyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1002\/mpo.10177","article-title":"Transitional liver cell tumors (TLCT) in older children and adolescents: a novel group of aggressive hepatic tumors expressing beta-catenin","volume":"39","author":"Prokurat","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Pediatr Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/his.13297","article-title":"Hepatocellular malignant neoplasm-not otherwise specified (HEMNOS): a clinicopathological study of 11 cases from a single institution","volume":"71","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29779","article-title":"Identification of theranostic biomarkers to improve the stratification of patients with pediatric liver cancer: opportunities and challenges","volume":"68","author":"Armengol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28888","article-title":"Genomic analysis of hepatoblastoma identifies distinct molecular and prognostic subgroups","volume":"65","author":"Sumazin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29262","article-title":"Molecular classification of hepatoblastoma and prognostic value of the HB 16 gene signature","volume":"66","author":"Buendia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.06.102","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in children: results of the first prospective study of the international society of pediatric oncology group","volume":"20","author":"Czauderna","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2014.60.2250","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in children: does modified platinum-and doxorubicin based chemotherapy increase tumor resectability and change outcome: lessons learned from the SIOPEL 2 and 3 studies","volume":"34","author":"Murawski","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e274","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27475","article-title":"Is hepatocellular carcinoma the same disease in children and adults? Comparison of histology, molecular background, and treatment in pediatric and adult patients","volume":"66","author":"Weeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.01.010","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in children","volume":"19","author":"Kelly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1111\/petr.12144","article-title":"Surgical treatment of primary liver tumors in children: outcomes analysis of resection and transplantation in the SEER database","volume":"17","author":"McAteer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(17)30084-5","article-title":"Beyond the Milan criteria for liver transplantation in children with hepatic tumours","volume":"2","author":"De Ville de Goyet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2020.03.024","article-title":"Population-based analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma in children: identifying optimal surgical treatment","volume":"230","author":"Ziogas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2009.01062.x","article-title":"Liver transplant in children with HCC: do Milan criteria apply to pediatric patients?","volume":"13","author":"Ismail","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Transpl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23295","article-title":"Sorafanib and cisplatin\/doxorubicin (PLADO) in pediatric hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"58","author":"Schmid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib60","first-page":"2980","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma in children and adolescents: results from the Pediatric Oncology Group and the Children\u2019s Cancer Group Study","volume":"29","author":"Katzenstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2015.06.008","article-title":"Is radioembolization (90Y) better than doxorubicin drug eluting beads (DEBOX) for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein thrombosis?","volume":"24","author":"Akinwande","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27510","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27510","article-title":"Transarterial radioembolization with yttrium-90 of unresectable primary hepatic malignancy in children","volume":"66","author":"Aguado","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640613501507","article-title":"Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in the USA, 2000-2010: a detailed report on frequency, treatment and outcome based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database","volume":"1","author":"Eggert","year":"2013","journal-title":"United Eur Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.11292","article-title":"Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in children and adolescents","volume":"97","author":"Katzenstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2698","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.04.012","article-title":"Fibrolamellar variant of hepatocellular carcinoma does not have a better survival than conventional hepatocellular carcinoma in children: results and treatment recommendations for the Childhood Liver Tumor Strategy Group (SIOPEL) experience","volume":"49","author":"Weeda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"6174","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1249484","article-title":"Detection of a recurrent DNAJB1-PRKACA chimeric transcript in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"343","author":"Honeyman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/MPH.0000000000000529","article-title":"Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL): a single center experience and review of the literature","volume":"38","author":"Techavichit","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26272","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26272","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes in children with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver. A report from the National Cancer Database","volume":"64","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28598","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.28598","article-title":"Undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver: multicenter international experience of the cooperative soft-tissue sarcoma group and Polish Paediatric Solid Tumor Group","author":"Murawski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2350\/09-07-0681-OA.1","article-title":"Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver is associated with mesenchymal hamartoma and multiple chromosomal abnormalities: a review of eleven cases","volume":"14","author":"Shehata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Dev Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib71","article-title":"The evolution of diagnosis and management of pediatric biliary tract rhabdomyosarcoma","author":"Malkan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2014.01.020","article-title":"Hepatobiliary rhabdomyosarcoma mimicking choledochal cyst: lessons learned","volume":"5","author":"Elwahab","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-013-3282-z","article-title":"ERCP with intracholedocal biopsy for the diagnosis of biliary tract rhabdomyosarcoma in children","volume":"29","author":"Scottoni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.5301\/tj.5000692","article-title":"Biliary tract rhabdomyosarcoma: a report from the soft tissue sarcoma committee of the associazione Italiana Ematologia Oncologia Pediatrica","volume":"104","author":"Perruccio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsc.2015.08.006","article-title":"Long term survival in pediatric hepatic angiosarcoma (PHAS): a case report and review of the literature","volume":"3","author":"Potanos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2115","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25067","article-title":"Malignant transformation of infantile hemangioma to angiosarcoma: response to chemotherapy with bevacizumab","volume":"61","author":"Jeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.26627","article-title":"Clinical case series of pediatric hepatic angiosarcoma","volume":"64","author":"Grassia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22857","article-title":"Rhabdoid tumors of the liver: rare, aggressive, and poorly responsive to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy","volume":"57","author":"Trobaugh-Lotrario","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e329","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70088-3","article-title":"Extracranial rhabdoid tumors: what we have learned so far and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Brennan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22831","article-title":"Spectrum of SMARCB1\/INI1 mutations in familial and sporadic rhabdoid tumors","volume":"56","author":"Eaton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2017.09.005","article-title":"Rhabdoid tumor of the liver: report of pediatric cases treated at a single institute","volume":"53","author":"Cornet","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5578","DOI":"10.4081\/pr.2015.5578","article-title":"Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the liver: a case report and literature review","volume":"7","author":"Oita","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0453","article-title":"Cushing\u2019s syndrome associated with a nested stromal epithelial tumor of the liver: hormonal, immunohistochemical, and molecular studies","volume":"161","author":"Rod","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-016-0951-2","article-title":"Cushing syndrome presenting symptom of calcifying nested stromal epithelial tumor of the liver in an adolescent male: a case report","volume":"10","author":"Weeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Case Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3152-0","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma and high-grade dysplasia in young patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib86","article-title":"Choledochal cyst and malignancy: plea for lifelong followup","author":"Madadi-Sanjani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-013-2780-4","article-title":"Yolk sac tumour: a rare cause of raised serum alpha-foetoprotein in a young child with a large liver mass","volume":"44","author":"Littooij","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4952","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004952","article-title":"Uncommon liver tumors: case report and literature review","volume":"95","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-3872(14)60285-X","article-title":"Primary non\u2013Hodgkins lymphoma of the liver: sonographic and CT findings","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.08.012","article-title":"Guidance document for hepatic hemangioma (infantile and congenital) evaluation and monitoring","volume":"203","author":"Iacobas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-015-2570-0","article-title":"Treatment of infantile haemangiomas: recommendations of a European expert group","volume":"174","author":"Hoeger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.06.016","article-title":"Focal nodular hyperplasia in children","volume":"50","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-010-1839-8","article-title":"Focal nodular hyperplasia in children, adolescents, and young adults","volume":"41","author":"Towbin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.12241","article-title":"The role of diagnostic imaging and liver biopsy in the diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia in children","volume":"34","author":"Valentino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2005.07.052","article-title":"Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Stringer","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2014.04.005","article-title":"Mesenchymal hamartoma or embryonal sarcoma of the liver in childhood: a difficult diagnosis before complete surgical excision","volume":"49","author":"Wildhaber","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.14309\/crj.2015.78","article-title":"Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver in an infant with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome: a rare condition mimicking hepatoblastoma","volume":"2","author":"Abrahao-Machado","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACG Case Rep J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2013.09.006","article-title":"Characterization of translocation in mesenchymal hamartoma and undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver","volume":"95","author":"Mathews","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8541","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i28.8541","article-title":"Benign liver tumors in pediatric patients: review with emphasis on imaging features","volume":"21","author":"Chiorean","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12539","article-title":"Gene mutations in hepatocellular adenomas","volume":"66","author":"Raft","year":"2015","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-013-2274-6","article-title":"Molecular pathogenesis of hepatic adenomas and its implications for surgical management","volume":"17","author":"Liau","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib102","article-title":"Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the liver mimicking an infiltrative malignancy in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with Gd-EOB","volume":"3","author":"Durmus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Radiol Short Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9302","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1626-2-9302","article-title":"Hepatic teratoma and peritoneal gliomatosis: a case report","volume":"2","author":"Karlo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cases J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00192644","article-title":"Cholangiocarcinoma arising in bile duct adenoma with focal area of bile duct hamartoma","volume":"426","author":"Hasebe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1080\/08880010701441229","article-title":"Nodular regenerative hyperplasia and focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver mimicking hepatic metastasis in children with solid tumors and a review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Citak","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.14.2665","article-title":"Randomized comparison of cisplatin\/vincristine\/5-fluorouracil and cisplatin\/doxorubicin for the treatment of pediatric hepatoblastoma (HB): a report from the Children\u2019s Cancer Group and the Pediatric Oncology Group","volume":"18","author":"Ortega","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1055320720301010?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1055320720301010?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T16:34:42Z","timestamp":1762360482000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1055320720301010"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1055320720301010"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["1055-3207"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1055-3207","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Liver Tumors in Pediatric Patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soc.2020.11.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}