{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:36:03Z","timestamp":1789364163116,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,20]],"date-time":"2006-01-20T07:41:51Z","timestamp":1137742911000},"page":"3062-3071","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Alcohol outlets, gonorrhea, and the Los Angeles civil unrest: A longitudinal analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Deborah A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"Ghosh-Dastidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Scribner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Miu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Molly","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Farley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricky N.","family":"Bluthenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Didra","family":"Brown-Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib1","unstructured":"CDC (2000). Alcohol policy and sexually transmitted disease rates\u2014United States, 1981\u20131995. In P. Harrison & W.J. Kassler (Reporters) MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 49(16), 346\u2013349."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/0011392100048003007","article-title":"Race and ethnicity and the controversy over the US census","volume":"48","author":"Anderson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Current Sociology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib3","first-page":"S59","article-title":"Sexual behavior in sexually transmitted disease research. An overview","volume":"21","author":"Aral","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib4","series-title":"Rebuilding rules prevail merchants must hire guards, shorten hours if they want to sell liquor","author":"Berestein","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib5","unstructured":"Census, U. 2000. Table. HCT24 tenure by year householder moved into unit."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.2.230","article-title":"\u201cBroken windows\u201d and the risk of gonorrhea","volume":"90","author":"Cohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(03)00015-7","article-title":"Why is poverty unhealthy? Social and physical mediators","volume":"57","author":"Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.3.467","article-title":"Neighborhood physical conditions and health","volume":"93","author":"Cohen","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.2307\/2094589","article-title":"Social change and crime rate trends: A routine activity approach","volume":"44","author":"Cohen","year":"1979","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.007187","article-title":"Sexual network analysis of a gonorrhoea outbreak","volume":"80","author":"De","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib12","first-page":"12","article-title":"Epidemic in Ghana: \u201cA very distinct profile\u201d","volume":"5","author":"Decosas","year":"1995","journal-title":"AIDS Analysis Africa"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199803000-00002","article-title":"Do differences in sexual behaviors account for the racial\/ethnic differences in adolescents\u2019 self-reported history of a sexually transmitted disease?","volume":"25","author":"Ellen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1177\/1078087403038005003","article-title":"The relative importance of income and race in determining residential outcomes in the US urban areas","volume":"38","author":"Fischer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urban Affairs Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199605000-00015","article-title":"Sexual mixing patterns of patients attending sexually transmitted diseases clinics","volume":"23","author":"Garnett","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089709035618","article-title":"The concentration of liquor outlets in an economically disadvantaged city in the northeastern United States","volume":"32","author":"Gorman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Substance Use & Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib17","series-title":"Empowerment evaluation: Knowledge and tools for self-assessment & accountability","first-page":"123","article-title":"Empowerment evaluation: Building upon a tradition of activism in the African American community","author":"Grills","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib18","series-title":"The epidemiology of alcohol problems in small geographic areas","first-page":"245","article-title":"Small area estimates from a geostatisical perspective: Current status and future directions","author":"Gruenewald","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-4575(94)00067-V","article-title":"The relationship of the retail availability of alcohol and alcohol sales to alcohol-related traffic crashes","volume":"27","author":"Gruenewald","year":"1995","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01471.x","article-title":"Routine activities and alcohol use: Constraints on outlet utilization","volume":"19","author":"Gruenewald","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8306.00093","article-title":"Exploring the neighborhood contingency of race discrimination in mortgage lending in Columbus, Ohio","volume":"88","author":"Holloway","year":"1998","journal-title":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib22","series-title":"Store owners to fight restrictions on reopening business","author":"Kang","year":"1994"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-6757(98)90030-4","article-title":"Disease surveillance in the ED: Factors leading to the underreporting of gonorrhea","volume":"16","author":"Kirsch","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib24","series-title":"SAS system for mixed models","author":"Littell","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib25","series-title":"American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass","author":"Massey","year":"1993"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib26","first-page":"560","article-title":"The impact of sexually transmitted diseases on minority populations","volume":"104","author":"Moran","year":"1989","journal-title":"Public Health Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib27","series-title":"Losses in the Los Angeles civil unrest, April 29\u2013May 1, 1992: Lists of the damaged properties and Korean merchants and the L. A. riot rebellion","author":"Ong","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib28","series-title":"Basic epidemiological methods and biostatistics. A practical guidebook, chapter 2","author":"Page","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib29","series-title":"Replacing stores has lifted spirits","author":"Robinson-Jacobs","year":"2002"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.70.9.983","article-title":"Reporting of gonorrhea by private physicians: A behavioral study","volume":"70","author":"Rothenberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199811000-00009","article-title":"A geographic relation between alcohol availability and gonorrhea rates","volume":"25","author":"Scribner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"310\u2013316","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib34","article-title":"Alcohol availability and homicide in New Orleans: Conceptual considrations for small area analysis of the effect of alcohol outle density","volume":"60","author":"Scribner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2307\/1165280","article-title":"Using SAS PROC MIXED to fit multilevel models, hierarchical models, and individual growth models","volume":"24","author":"Singer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1994.55.447","article-title":"Alcohol outlet density and motor vehicle crashes in Los Angeles County cities","volume":"55","author":"Scribner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Studies on Alcohol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1177\/107808702762484079","article-title":"Experiencing residential segregation: A contemporary study of Washington, D.C","volume":"38","author":"Squires","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urban Affairs Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.9545376.x","article-title":"The use of drinking places by gender, age and ethnic groups: An analysis of routine drinking activities","volume":"95","author":"Treno","year":"2000","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(90)90175-R","article-title":"Urban desertification, public health and public order: Planned shrinkage, violent death, substance abuse and AIDS in the Bronx","volume":"31","author":"Wallace","year":"1990","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib39","first-page":"13","article-title":"Contagious urban decay and the collapse of public health","volume":"21","author":"Wallace","year":"1991","journal-title":"Health Pac Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19960415)15:7\/9<741::AID-SIM245>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Cluster analysis with constraints: Its use with breast cancer mortality rates in Argentina","volume":"15","author":"Wojdyla","year":"1996","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953605006684?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953605006684?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,18]],"date-time":"2019-01-18T21:53:12Z","timestamp":1547848392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953605006684"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0277953605006684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2005.11.060","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]}}}