{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T16:36:28Z","timestamp":1790526988125,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,15]],"date-time":"2008-02-15T12:53:39Z","timestamp":1203080019000},"page":"1841-1847","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":141,"title":["Mental health of female survivors of human trafficking in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Atsuro","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Izutsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amod K.","family":"Poudyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seika","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Marui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.12.2000","article-title":"HIV infection, risk behaviors, and depressive symptoms among Puerto Rican sex workers","volume":"84","author":"Alegria","year":"1994","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib3","series-title":"Nepal trafficking in girls with special reference to prostitution: A rapid assessment","author":"Bal Kumar","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.1.66","article-title":"Sex trading and psychological distress among women recruited from the streets of Harlem","volume":"87","author":"el-Bassel","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00358-0","article-title":"Shan women and girls and the sex industry in Southeast Asia: political causes and human rights implications","volume":"53","author":"Beyrer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/00926230290001439","article-title":"The motivation and mental health of sex workers","volume":"28","author":"Chudakov","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7285.524","article-title":"Violence by clients towards female prostitutes in different work settings: questionnaire survey","volume":"322","author":"Church","year":"2001","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830190102","article-title":"The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL):\u00a0a self-report symptom inventory","volume":"19","author":"Derogatis","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behavioral Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2003.00053.x","article-title":"Psychological factors in Nepali former commercial sex workers with HIV","volume":"35","author":"Eller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Scholarship"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v27n03_03","article-title":"Prostitution, violence, and posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"27","author":"Farley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Women and Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.09.003","article-title":"Comparison of drug use and psychiatric morbidity between prostitute and non-prostitute female drug users in Glasgow, Scotland","volume":"30","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2005","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129550126498","article-title":"Female prostitutes in south London: use of heroin, cocaine and alcohol, and their relationship to health risk behaviours","volume":"7","author":"Gossop","year":"1995","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00556.x","article-title":"The health and welfare needs of female and transgender street sex workers in New South Wales","volume":"25","author":"Harcourt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib15","series-title":"A global alliance against forced labour","author":"International Labour Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801204263199","article-title":"Sex work and \u201cdate\u201d violence","volume":"10","author":"Kurtz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-6-24","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder among female street-based sex workers in the greater Sydney area, Australia","volume":"6","author":"Roxburgh","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.5.443","article-title":"Impact of torture on refugees displaced within the developing world: symptomatology among Bhutanese refugees in Nepal","volume":"280","author":"Shrestha","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000243101.57523.7d","article-title":"HIV prevalence and predictors among rescued sex-trafficked women and girls in Mumbai, India","volume":"43","author":"Silverman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.5.536","article-title":"HIV prevalence and predictors of infection in sex-trafficked Nepalese girls and women","volume":"298","author":"Silverman","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-005-0943-9","article-title":"Psychological distress among displaced persons during an armed conflict in Nepal","volume":"40","author":"Thapa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib22","series-title":"Human development report 2006","author":"UNDP","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib23","unstructured":"United Nations. (2000). The optional protocol to the convention on the rights of the child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib24","unstructured":"United Nations. (2001). The protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the United Nations convention against transnational organized crime."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib25","unstructured":"UNODC. (2006). Trafficking in human beings."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib26","unstructured":"U.S. Department of State. (2006). Trafficking in persons report. Washington, DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib27","series-title":"PCL-C for DSM-IV","author":"Weathers","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib28","unstructured":"Weathers, F., Litz, B., Herman, D., Huska, J., & Keane, T. (1993). The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. The Annual Convention of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, San Antonio, TX."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.277.11.925","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. Recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects","volume":"277","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3043","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"284","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953607006843?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953607006843?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,4]],"date-time":"2021-09-04T08:46:02Z","timestamp":1630745162000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953607006843"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0277953607006843"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.12.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}}}