{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:40:10Z","timestamp":1790952010735,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,1]],"date-time":"2010-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1267401600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,6]],"date-time":"2010-01-06T10:13:55Z","timestamp":1262772835000},"page":"729-735","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["\u2018Secrets\u2019 that kill: Crisis, custodianship and responsibility in ritual male circumcision in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Thembela","family":"Kepe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib6","unstructured":"ANC calls for safe circumcision season. (2002a, 04 December). Daily Dispatch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib21","unstructured":"Bisho to clamp down on initiation schools. (2003, 16 July). Herald."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jomh.2008.09.008","article-title":"Peri-rite psychological issues faced by newly initiated traditionally circumcised South African Xhosa men","volume":"6","author":"Bottoman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Men's Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib12","unstructured":"Call for special initiation courts. (2006a, 11 October). Daily Dispatch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib7","unstructured":"Chiefs seek fulltime status for better pay. (2002b, 01 August). Daily Dispatch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib3","unstructured":"Chiefs still resist circumcision law. (2003, 10 December). Citizen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib9","unstructured":"Circumcision chaotic \u2013 chiefs. (2003, 23 July). Daily Dispatch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib24","unstructured":"Contralesa urges government to leave circumcision to chiefs and traditional leaders. (2004, 26 May). Indabazethu (Daily Dispatch supplement)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib5","series-title":"Social organization and ceremonial institutions of the Bomvana","author":"Cook","year":"1931"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib14","unstructured":"ECDOH (Eastern Cape Department of Health). (2000). Unpublished executive report of the Standing Committee on Traditional Affairs and Health. Bisho, South Africa."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib15","unstructured":"ECDOH (Eastern Cape Department of Health). (2007). Traditional Circumcision remains challenge in the Province. 04 April."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib16","series-title":"Circumcision among the amaXhosa, a medical investigation","author":"Funani","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib17","unstructured":"Gitywa, V.Z. (1976). Male initiation in the Ciskei: formal incorporation into Bantu society. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib18","unstructured":"Goqwana, B. Safeguarding and preserving the institution of initiation, identify challenges & seeking sustainable solutions. Paper Presented in Initiation Schools Conference, pp. 27\u201329, September, 2004a, East London."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib19","author":"Goqwana"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2004.008888","article-title":"Rationalising circumcision: from tradition to fashion, from public health to individual freedom \u2013 critical notes on cultural persistence of the practice of genital mutilation","volume":"30","author":"Hellsten","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib23","unstructured":"Holomisa, P. Safeguarding and preserving the institution of initiation: identifying challenges and seeking solutions. Paper Presented in Initiation Schools Conference, September, 2004. East London, pp. 27\u201329."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib11","unstructured":"6300 hospitalised since 1995. (2005, 08 January). Daily Dispatch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib13","unstructured":"Imbizo to discuss circumcision practice. (2006b, 12 July). Daily Dispatch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib25","series-title":"Traditional male circumcision and initiation into manhood: Legal, health and environmental perspectives","author":"Kanta","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib26","first-page":"27","article-title":"Equal rites for circumcision initiates","volume":"19","author":"Kretzmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Land & Rural Digest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib27","first-page":"147","article-title":"Injuries to the skin of the male external genitalia in southern Africa","volume":"49","author":"Malherbe","year":"1975","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1177\/1043659609340801","article-title":"Rationalization of indigenous male circumcision as sacred religious custom: health beliefs of Xhosa men in South Africa","volume":"20","author":"Mavundla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Transcultural Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib29","series-title":"Man: Anthropological essays presented to O.F Raum","article-title":"\u2018Traditional\u2019 manhood initiation in an industrial city. The African view","author":"Mayer","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib30","series-title":"Townsmen and tribesman: Conservatism and process of urbanization in a South African city","author":"Mayer","year":"1971"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib31","first-page":"67","article-title":"Challenge to tradition: medical complications of traditional Xhosa circumcision","volume":"15","author":"Meintjes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Indicator South Africa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib8","unstructured":"Mum grieves as initiate son dies. (2002c, 04 July). Daily Dispatch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib37","unstructured":"New health Act \u2018a slap in face\u2019 for Xhosa men. (2001, 02 November). Pretoria News."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib32","series-title":"Man: Anthropological essays presented to O.F Raum","article-title":"The function of circumcision amongst the Xhosa-speaking tribes in historical perspective","author":"Ngxamngxa","year":"1971"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib33","unstructured":"Nqeketo, A. (2006). Unpublished field notes from an Eastern Cape village. Available from the author on request."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1353\/trn.2003.0032","article-title":"Land rights and democratization: rural tenure reform in South Africa's former Bantustans","volume":"52","author":"Ntsebeza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transformation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib35","series-title":"Democracy compromised: Chiefs and the politics of land in South Africa","author":"Ntsebeza","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050802389777","article-title":"Medical circumcision and manhood initiation rituals in the Eastern Cape, South Africa: a post intervention evaluation","volume":"11","author":"Peltzer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Culture, Health & Sexuality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib4","unstructured":"Police this deadly custom. (2003, 13 July). City Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib38","first-page":"80","article-title":"Do traditional values entrench male supremacy?","volume":"59","author":"Rankhotha","year":"2004","journal-title":"Agenda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib22","unstructured":"Row brewing over inclusion of gay youths. (2009, 19 February). Herald."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.33.070203.143706","article-title":"Anthropology and circumcision","volume":"33","author":"Silverman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annual Review of Anthropology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib40","series-title":"The amaXhosa: Life and customs","author":"Soga","year":"1931"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib41","unstructured":"Sokhela, N.E. (2005). An investigation into the reasons why initiates register in illegal circumcision schools. Unpublished paper, Walter Sisulu University, Umtata."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib42","author":"Stinson"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib2","unstructured":"Traditional circumcision act an affront to culture. (2003, December 10). Cape Times."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib10","unstructured":"Traditional circumcision plans put into action. (2004, 26 May). Daily Dispatch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib43","series-title":"Becoming a man during amaXhosa ceremonial rites of initiation: A manual for teaching traditional surgeons and attendants about safe circumcision and social and sexual responsibility","author":"USAID","year":"2005"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050701861447","article-title":"\u2018Boys will be boys\u2019: traditional Xhosa male circumcision, HIV and sexual socialization in contemporary South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Vincent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Culture, Health & Sexuality"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1080\/03057070701832890","article-title":"Cutting tradition: the political regulation of traditional circumcision rites in South Africa's liberal democratic order","volume":"34","author":"Vincent","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Southern African Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib46","first-page":"142","article-title":"Rituals of manhood in South Africa: circumcision at the cutting edge of critical intervention","volume":"22","author":"van Vuuren","year":"1999","journal-title":"South African Journal of Ethnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/03057070802685643","article-title":"Legislating \u2018tradition\u2019 in South Africa","volume":"35","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Southern African Studies"}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953609008119?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953609008119?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,14]],"date-time":"2018-12-14T05:00:27Z","timestamp":1544763627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953609008119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0277953609008119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.11.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3]]}}}