{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T03:43:34Z","timestamp":1790394214494,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,25]],"date-time":"2010-05-25T04:18:19Z","timestamp":1274761099000},"page":"551-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Mortality consequences of the 1959\u20131961 Great Leap Forward famine in China: Debilitation, selection, and mortality crossovers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Shige","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib1","series-title":"Categorical data analysis","author":"Agresti","year":"2002"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1086\/507154","article-title":"Is the 1918 influenza pandemic over? Long-term effects of in utero influenza exposure in the post-1940 US population","volume":"114","author":"Almond","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almond, D., Edlund, L., Li, H., & Zhang, J. (2007). Long-term effects of the 1959\u20131961 China famine: mainland China and Hong Kong. NBER Working Paper.","DOI":"10.3386\/w13384"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2307\/1973284","article-title":"Famine in China, 1958\u20131961","volume":"10","author":"Ashton","year":"1984","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib5","article-title":"Birth-spacing, fertility and neonatal mortality in India: dynamics, frailty, and fecundity","author":"Bhalotra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib6","series-title":"Famine","article-title":"Demographic responses to famine","author":"Bongaarts","year":"1981"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2005.0010","article-title":"Famine, social disruption, and involuntary fetal loss: evidence from chinese survey data","volume":"42","author":"Cai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/0032472031000143886","article-title":"Age, period, cohort and early mortality: an analysis of adult mortality in Italy","volume":"43","author":"Caselli","year":"1989","journal-title":"Population Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2006.12.006","article-title":"The long-term health and economic consequences of the 1959\u20131961 famine in China","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib10","series-title":"An introduction to survival analysis using stata","author":"Cleves","year":"2004"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.2307\/3644718","article-title":"Effects of early-life conditions on adult mortality: a review","volume":"58","author":"Elo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Population Index"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/81.3.515","article-title":"Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals","volume":"81","author":"Grambsch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0200200102","article-title":"Parametric frailty and shared frailty survival models","volume":"2","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stata Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2307\/1912352","article-title":"Sample selection bias as a specification error","author":"Heckman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009067","article-title":"No increased mortality in later life for cohorts born during famine","volume":"145","author":"Kannisto","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932000006775","article-title":"Birth order and health status in a British national sample","volume":"24","author":"Kaplan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1086\/380584","article-title":"The causes of China\u2019s great leap famine, 1959\u20131961","volume":"52","author":"Kung","year":"2003","journal-title":"Economic Development and Cultural Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib18","series-title":"One quarter of humanity: Malthusian mythology and Chinese realities, 1700\u20132000","author":"Lee","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(96)01813-1","article-title":"The effects of improved nutrition, sanitation, and water quality on child health in high-mortality populations","volume":"77","author":"Lee","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4076(93)90106-F","article-title":"Simultaneous-equations for hazards \u2013 marriage duration and fertility timing","volume":"56","author":"Lillard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.2307\/2061690","article-title":"Premarital cohabitation and subsequent marital dissolution: a matter of self-selection?","volume":"32","author":"Lillard","year":"1995","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib22","series-title":"Multilevel and multiprocess modeling: aML version 2 user\u2019s guide and reference manual","author":"Lillard","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1086\/261732","article-title":"Collectivization and China\u2019s agricultural crisis in 1959\u20131961","volume":"98","author":"Lin","year":"1990","journal-title":"The Journal of Political Economy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-951X(99)80010-8","article-title":"On the causes of China\u2019s agricultural crisis and the great leap famine","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"1998","journal-title":"China Economic Review"},{"issue":"460","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0297.00494","article-title":"Food availability, entitlements and the Chinese famine of 1959\u20131961","volume":"110","author":"Lin","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Economic Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib26","series-title":"Statistical analysis with missing data","author":"Little","year":"1987"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.12.1962","article-title":"In utero exposure to famine and subsequent fertility: the Dutch famine birth cohort study","volume":"87","author":"Lumey","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9353.2006.00290.x","article-title":"Famine and overweight in China","author":"Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Review of Agricultural Economics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib29","first-page":"133","article-title":"Another look at mortality crossovers","volume":"42","author":"Nam","year":"1995","journal-title":"Social Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1080\/0032472031000148776","article-title":"Child mortality in Malaysia: explaining ethnic differences and the recent decline","volume":"49","author":"Panis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Population Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.2307\/1973026","article-title":"Demographic consequences of the great leap forward in China\u2019s provinces","volume":"13","author":"Peng","year":"1987","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2307\/1973029","article-title":"The demographic and socioeconomic composition of China\u2019s ethnic minorities","volume":"13","author":"Poston","year":"1987","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00180-4","article-title":"Childhood conditions that predict survival to advanced ages among African\u2013Americans","volume":"47","author":"Preston","year":"1998","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6419.00104","article-title":"The Heckman correction for sample selection and its critique","volume":"14","author":"Puhani","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Economic Surveys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.21.1.73","article-title":"The \u201cfetal origins\u201d hypothesis: challenges and opportunities for maternal and child nutrition","volume":"21","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annual Review of Nutrition"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/0032472031000144426","article-title":"Sustained effects of the 1974\u20131975 famine on infant and child mortality in a rural area of Bangladesh","volume":"44","author":"Razzaque","year":"1990","journal-title":"Population Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-951X(99)80009-1","article-title":"Seven questions about the Chinese famine of 1959\u20131961","volume":"9","author":"Riskin","year":"1998","journal-title":"China Economic Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/69.1.239","article-title":"Partial residuals for the proportional hazards regression model","volume":"69","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.2307\/2807962","article-title":"Studying the impact of household economic and community variables on child mortality","volume":"10","author":"Schultz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Population and Development Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-677X(03)00035-2","article-title":"Human capital, schooling and health","volume":"1","author":"Schultz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Economics and Human Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib41","series-title":"Generalized latent variable modeling: Multilevel, longitudinal, and structural equation models","author":"Skrondal","year":"2004"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932009003332","article-title":"Does famine have a long-term effect on cohort mortality? Evidence from the 1959\u20131961 great leap forward famine in China","volume":"41","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biosocial Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.01.027","article-title":"Famine, death, and madness: schizophrenia in early adulthood after prenatal exposure to the Chinese great leap forward famine","volume":"68","author":"Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.5.557","article-title":"Rates of adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine of 1959\u20131961","volume":"294","author":"St Clair","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of American Medical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-985X.00284","article-title":"Selection effects of source of contraceptive supply in an analysis of discontinuation of contraception: multilevel modeling when random effects are correlated with an explanatory variable","volume":"166","author":"Steele","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2003.0009","article-title":"Appropriate methods for analyzing the effect of method choice on contraceptive discontinuation","volume":"1","author":"Steele","year":"2003","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2005.0038","article-title":"The relationship between childbearing and transitions from marriage and cohabitation in Britain","volume":"42","author":"Steele","year":"2005","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2002.0020","article-title":"Nonmarital childbearing: influences of education, marriage, and fertility","volume":"39","author":"Upchurch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2307\/2061224","article-title":"The impact of heterogeneity in individual frailty on the dynamics of mortality","volume":"16","author":"Vaupel","year":"1979","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2307\/270850","article-title":"The deviant dynamics of death in heterogeneous populations","volume":"15","author":"Vaupel","year":"1985","journal-title":"Sociological Methodology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.2307\/2061448","article-title":"The biodemography of variation in human frailty","volume":"27","author":"Weiss","year":"1990","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1086\/250100","article-title":"A note on the causal factors of China\u2019s famine in 1959\u20131961","volume":"107","author":"Yao","year":"1999","journal-title":"The Journal of Political Economy"}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953610003825?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953610003825?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T08:08:33Z","timestamp":1559117313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953610003825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0277953610003825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}}}