{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T14:23:14Z","timestamp":1789914194645,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1291161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,11]],"date-time":"2010-10-11T15:00:34Z","timestamp":1286809234000},"page":"1935-1942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Do the wealthy have a health advantage? Cardiovascular disease risk factors and wealth"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Hajat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.S.","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.M.","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Siddiqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(02)00145-8","article-title":"Healthy, wealthy, and wise? Tests for direct causal paths between health and socioeconomic status","volume":"112","author":"Adams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090852","article-title":"U.S. disparities in health: descriptions, causes, and mechanisms","volume":"29","author":"Adler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104273069","article-title":"The impact of community-level variables on individual-level outcomes: theoretical results and applications","volume":"34","author":"Angeles","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sociological Methods & Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib4","series-title":"An overview of the panel study of income dynamics","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.139469","article-title":"Health disadvantage in US adults aged 50 to 74 years: a comparison of the health of rich and poor Americans with that of Europeans","volume":"99","author":"Avendano","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.22.2879","article-title":"Socioeconomic status in health research: one size does not fit all","volume":"294","author":"Braveman","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P163","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/57.2.P163","article-title":"Education, wealth, and cognitive function in later life","volume":"57","author":"Cagney","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.8.807","article-title":"Factors associated with discrepancies between self-reports on cigarette smoking and measured serum cotinine levels among persons aged 17 years or older: third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988\u20131994","volume":"153","author":"Caraballo","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.031308.100158","article-title":"Geographic life environments and coronary heart disease: a literature review, theoretical contributions, methodological updates, and a research agenda","volume":"30","author":"Chaix","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114319","article-title":"Validation of questionnaire information on risk factors and disease outcomes in a prospective cohort study of women","volume":"123","author":"Colditz","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn164","article-title":"Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models","volume":"168","author":"Cole","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1000558","article-title":"Socio-economic status and blood pressure: an overview analysis","volume":"12","author":"Colhoun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Human Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib13","series-title":"The measurement of saving, investment, and wealth","first-page":"473","article-title":"Survey estimates of wealth: an assessment of quality","author":"Curtin","year":"1989"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.03.038","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and health: the role of subjective social status","volume":"67","author":"Demakakos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine (1982)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg065","article-title":"Residential environments and cardiovascular risk","volume":"80","author":"Diez Roux","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000261472.07150.4f","article-title":"Properties of 2 counterfactual effect definitions of a point exposure","volume":"18","author":"Flanders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027503258739","article-title":"Relationship of body mass and net worth for retirement-aged men and women","volume":"26","author":"Fonda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)30468-9","article-title":"The validity of self-reported hypertension and correlates of hypertension awareness among blacks and whites within the stroke belt","volume":"11","author":"Giles","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-4-27","article-title":"Ethnic variation in validity of classification of overweight and obesity using self-reported weight and height in American women and men: the third national health and nutrition examination survey","volume":"4","author":"Gillum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutrition Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200009000-00012","article-title":"Marginal structural models to estimate the causal effect of zidovudine on the survival of HIV-positive men","volume":"11","author":"Hernan","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib21","series-title":"Wealth in America: Trends in wealth inequality","author":"Keister","year":"2000"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3927","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3375","article-title":"What is the difference? Evidence on the distribution of wealth, health, life expectancy, and health insurance coverage","volume":"27","author":"Kennickell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.87.5.805","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and racial and ethnic differences in functional status associated with chronic diseases","volume":"87","author":"Kington","year":"1997","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cki115","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and smoking: analysing inequalities with multiple indicators","volume":"15","author":"Laaksonen","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181a0997a","article-title":"Re: Bringing causal models into the mainstream (letter)","volume":"20","author":"Levine","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7243","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7243.1200","article-title":"Income inequality and mortality: importance to health of individual income, psychosocial environment, or material conditions","volume":"320","author":"Lynch","year":"2000","journal-title":"British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib27","series-title":"Asset building and low-income families","author":"McKernan","year":"2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1080\/0032472031000147226","article-title":"Economic status as a determinant of mortality among black and white older men: does poverty kill?","volume":"47","author":"Menchik","year":"1993","journal-title":"Population Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk020","article-title":"Marginal modeling of non nested multilevel data using standard software","volume":"165","author":"Miglioretti","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-286","article-title":"Over-indebtedness as a marker of socioeconomic status and its association with obesity: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Munster","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1992.10475842","article-title":"A note on the delta method","author":"Oehlert","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Statistician"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.04.005","article-title":"Agreement between self-report questionnaires and medical record data was substantial for diabetes, hypertension, myocardial infarction and stroke but not for heart failure","volume":"57","author":"Okura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.1.53","article-title":"Misclassification of smoking status by self-reported cigarette consumption","volume":"145","author":"Perez-Stable","year":"1992","journal-title":"The American Review of Respiratory Disease"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08121.x","article-title":"Cardiovascular pathways: socioeconomic status and stress effects on hypertension and cardiovascular function","volume":"896","author":"Pickering","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.04.033","article-title":"Should health studies measure wealth? A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Pollack","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.03.034","article-title":"A multilevel analysis of race, community disadvantage, and body mass index among adults in the US","volume":"59","author":"Robert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine (1982)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200009000-00011","article-title":"Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology","volume":"11","author":"Robins","year":"2000","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/57.4.S247","article-title":"The association of race and socioeconomic status with cardiovascular disease indicators among older adults in the health, aging, and body composition study","volume":"57","author":"Rooks","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/52.6.1125","article-title":"Self-reported weight and height","volume":"52","author":"Rowland","year":"1990","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200701825098","article-title":"Identification of socioeconomic groups at increased risk for smoking in European countries: looking beyond educational level","volume":"10","author":"Schaap","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nicotine & Tobacco Research: Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco"},{"issue":"Spec No","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/52B.Special_Issue.61","article-title":"Race, socioeconomic status, and health: accounting for race differences in health","volume":"52","author":"Schoenbaum","year":"1997","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology. Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib42","series-title":"Assets for the poor: The benefits of spreading asset ownership","author":"Shapiro","year":"2001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2002.tb00905.x","article-title":"Prevalence and socio-economic correlates of smoking among lone mothers in Australia","volume":"26","author":"Siahpush","year":"2002","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib44","series-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in the health of older Americans","first-page":"106","article-title":"Race, socioeconomic status, and health in late life","author":"Smith","year":"1997"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi188","article-title":"Easy SAS calculations for risk or prevalence ratios and differences","volume":"162","author":"Spiegelman","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib46","series-title":"Stata statistical software","author":"StataCorp","year":"2007"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.3233","article-title":"Stress responsivity and socioeconomic status. A mechanism for increased cardiovascular disease risk?","volume":"23","author":"Steptoe","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2611","article-title":"The role of psychobiological pathways in socio-economic inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"23","author":"Steptoe","year":"2002","journal-title":"European Heart Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-421","article-title":"Accuracy and usefulness of BMI measures based on self-reported weight and height: findings from the NHANES & NHIS 2001\u20132006","volume":"9","author":"Stommel","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.48.1.411","article-title":"Health psychology: what is an unhealthy environment and how does it get under the skin?","volume":"48","author":"Taylor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annual Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1006\/pmed.1997.0190","article-title":"Validity of self-reported hypertension in the national health and nutrition examination survey III, 1988\u20131991","volume":"26","author":"Vargas","year":"1997","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.1.33","article-title":"Misclassification of smoking status in the CARDIA study: a comparison of self-report with serum cotinine levels","volume":"82","author":"Wagenknecht","year":"1992","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08104.x","article-title":"Health, hierarchy, and social anxiety","volume":"896","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib54","series-title":"Top heavy: A study of the increasing inequality of wealth in America","author":"Wolff","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027503258519","article-title":"Is obesity as dangerous to your wealth as to your health?","volume":"26","author":"Zagorsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2004.008243","article-title":"The wealth effects of smoking","volume":"13","author":"Zagorsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Tobacco Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehb.2005.05.003","article-title":"Health and wealth. The late-20th century obesity epidemic in the U.S","volume":"3","author":"Zagorsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Economics and Human Biology"}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795361000691X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795361000691X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T08:34:40Z","timestamp":1711874080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027795361000691X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S027795361000691X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}}}