{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T08:42:56Z","timestamp":1792312976452,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,10]],"date-time":"2013-08-10T22:48:53Z","timestamp":1376174933000},"page":"7-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Race, life course socioeconomic position, racial discrimination, depressive symptoms and self-rated health"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Darrell L.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Puterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Bibbins-Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen A.","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Adler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib1","first-page":"174","article-title":"Gender, ethnicity and depression: intersectionality in mental health research with African American women","volume":"8","author":"Banks","year":"2002","journal-title":"African American Research Perspectives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6998.171","article-title":"Fetal origins of coronary heart disease","volume":"311","author":"Barker","year":"1995","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.2307\/2095805","article-title":"The killing fields of the deep south: the market for cotton and the lynching of blacks, 1882\u20131930","volume":"55","author":"Beck","year":"1990","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh057","article-title":"Childhood and adult socioeconomic conditions and 31-year mortality risk in women","volume":"159","author":"Beebe-Dimmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.033274","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic discrimination and common mental disorders among workers: findings from the EMPIRIC Study of Ethnic Minority Groups in the United Kingdom","volume":"95","author":"Bhui","year":"2005","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-007-9074-6","article-title":"Self-rated health and race among Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults","volume":"10","author":"Borrell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1080\/13557858.2012.713092","article-title":"Racial discrimination, racial\/ethnic segregation, and health behaviors in the CARDIA study","volume":"18","author":"Borrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ethnicity & Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib8","first-page":"1415","article-title":"Self-reported health, perceived racial discrimination, and skin color in African Americans in the CARDIA study","volume":"63","author":"Borrell","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.06.006","article-title":"Childhood socioeconomic status and racial differences in disability: evidence from the Health and Retirement Study (1998\u20132006)","volume":"69","author":"Bowen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1177\/0022146511405336","article-title":"Is discrimination an equal opportunity risk? Racial experiences, socioeconomic status, and health status among black and white adults","volume":"52","author":"Bratter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S163","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1100D","article-title":"Health disparities beginning in childhood: a life-course perspective","volume":"124","author":"Braveman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2006.00927.x","article-title":"Perceived discrimination and the adjustment of African American youths: a five-year longitudinal analysis with contextual moderation effects","volume":"77","author":"Brody","year":"2006","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.8.1378","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle-aged women: the study of women's health across the nation (SWAN)","volume":"94","author":"Bromberger","year":"2004","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/60.4.S181","article-title":"Racial disparities in self-rated health at older ages: what difference does the neighborhood make?","volume":"60","author":"Cagney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000146795.38162.b1","article-title":"Depression is a risk factor for mortality in coronary heart disease","volume":"66","author":"Carney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-4537.2003.00090.x","article-title":"Race, class and the dilemmas of upward mobility for African Americans","volume":"59","author":"Cole","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.04.006","article-title":"Getting a piece of the pie? The economic boom of the 1990s and declining teen birth rates in the United States","volume":"63","author":"Colen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2307\/1602386","article-title":"The dynamics of childhood poverty","volume":"7","author":"Corcoran","year":"1997","journal-title":"Children & Poverty"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr253","article-title":"Assessment of differential item functioning in the experiences of discrimination index: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study","volume":"174","author":"Cunningham","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.04.027","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic and gender differences in the association between self-reported experiences of racial\/ethnic discrimination and inflammation in the CARDIA cohort of 4 US communities","volume":"75","author":"Cunningham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib21","series-title":"U.S. Census Bureau, current population reports, P60-243, income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2011","author":"DeNavas-Walt","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1546291","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: the causation-selection issue","volume":"255","author":"Dohrenwend","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005183100610","article-title":"Money doesn't talk, it swears: how economic stress and resistance resources impact inner-city women's depressive mood","volume":"28","author":"Ennis","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Community Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.04.026","article-title":"Are racial disparities in health conditional on socioeconomic status?","volume":"60","author":"Farmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.2307\/1519783","article-title":"The social psychological costs of racial segmentation in the workplace: a study of African Americans' well-being","volume":"44","author":"Forman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00281-2","article-title":"Sociodemographics, self-rated health, and mortality in the US","volume":"56","author":"Franks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib27","first-page":"1","article-title":"The associations between socio-economic status and major depressive disorder among Blacks, Latinos, Asians and non-Hispanic Whites: findings from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Studies","author":"Gavin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2004.060749","article-title":"\u201cWeathering\u201d and age patterns of allostatic load scores among blacks and whites in the United States","volume":"96","author":"Geronimus","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.2.359","article-title":"Socioeconomic status in childhood and the lifetime risk of major depression","volume":"31","author":"Gilman","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.6.641","article-title":"Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of depression and generalized anxiety disorder in a diverse urban community","volume":"59","author":"Gwynn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.10.003","article-title":"Life course determinants of racial and ethnic disparities in functional health trajectories","volume":"70","author":"Haas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.036","article-title":"A\u00a0longitudinal analysis of the relationship between changes in socio-economic status and changes in health","volume":"72","author":"Haller\u00f6d","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.2.395","article-title":"Life course socioeconomic conditions and adult psychosocial functioning","volume":"31","author":"Harper","year":"2002","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2003.9651917","article-title":"Health and human development: understandings from life-course research","volume":"24","author":"Hertzman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.012809.103538","article-title":"How experience gets under the skin to create gradients in developmental health","volume":"31","author":"Hertzman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0348-x","article-title":"The relationship between socioeconomic position and depression among a US nationally representative sample of African Americans","volume":"47","author":"Hudson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jomh.2012.03.006","article-title":"Are benefits conferred with greater socioeconomic position undermined by racial discrimination among African American men?","volume":"9","author":"Hudson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Men's Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2307\/2955359","article-title":"Self-rated health and mortality: a review of twenty-seven community studies","volume":"38","author":"Idler","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.143446","article-title":"Race and unhealthy behaviors: chronic stress, the HPA axis, and physical and mental health disparities over the life course","volume":"100","author":"Jackson","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300252","article-title":"Early-life origins of adult disease: national longitudinal population-based study of the United States","volume":"101","author":"Johnson","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.4.624","article-title":"Relation between racial discrimination, social class, and health among ethnic minority groups","volume":"92","author":"Karlsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003955","article-title":"Multi-condition collaborative care for chronic illnesses and depression","volume":"363","author":"Katon","year":"2010","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199803000-00008","article-title":"The relation between income and mortality in U.S. blacks and whites","volume":"9","author":"Kaufman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/107808749803300503","article-title":"Racial conflict and political choice","volume":"33","author":"Kaufmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Urban Affairs Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700025460","article-title":"Childhood adversities and adult depression: basic patterns of association in a US national survey","volume":"23","author":"Kessler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(93)90026-G","article-title":"Sex and depression in the National Comorbidity Survey I: lifetime prevalence, chronicity, and recurrence","volume":"29","author":"Kessler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disoders"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.2307\/2676349","article-title":"The prevalence, distribution, and mental health correlates of perceived discrimination in the United States","volume":"40","author":"Kessler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.10.1370","article-title":"Racial discrimination and blood pressure: the CARDIA Study of young black and white adults","volume":"86","author":"Krieger","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.159517","article-title":"Combining explicit and implicit measures of racial discrimination in health research","volume":"100","author":"Krieger","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300168","article-title":"Racial discrimination, psychological distress, and self-rated health among US-born and foreign-born Black Americans","volume":"101","author":"Krieger","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.4.569","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and morbidity in the last years of life","volume":"89","author":"Liao","year":"1999","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1086\/230192","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and depression: the role of occupations involving direction, control, and planning","volume":"98","author":"Link","year":"1993","journal-title":"The American Journal of Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib92","first-page":"80","article-title":"Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease","volume":"Vol. 35","author":"Link","year":"1995"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf182","article-title":"Socioeconomic inequalities in depression: a meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Lorant","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn403","article-title":"Life-course socioeconomic position and incidence of coronary heart disease","volume":"169","author":"Loucks","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.03.012","article-title":"Life course socioeconomic position is associated with inflammatory markers: the Framingham Offspring Study","volume":"71","author":"Loucks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199209000-00007","article-title":"Similarity of depression in diabetic and psychiatric patients","volume":"54","author":"Lustman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychosomatic Medicine"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712253372606","article-title":"Cumulative impact of sustained economic hardship on physical, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning","volume":"337","author":"Lynch","year":"1997","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0985","article-title":"Depression and type 2 diabetes over the lifespan","volume":"31","author":"Mezuk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq283","article-title":"Reconsidering the role of social disadvantage in physical and mental health: stressful life events, health behaviors, race, and depression","volume":"172","author":"Mezuk","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650804900308","article-title":"The formation of a socioeconomic health disparity: the case of cocaine use during the 1980s and 1990s","volume":"49","author":"Miech","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxh001","article-title":"Socioeconomic position and major mental disorders","volume":"26","author":"Muntaner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiologic Reviews"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp192","article-title":"Downward social mobility and major depressive episodes among Latino and Asian-American immigrants to the United States","volume":"170","author":"Nicklett","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00142","article-title":"Gender differences in depression","volume":"10","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"2001","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0357-x","article-title":"\u201cIt's the skin you'in\u201d: African-American women talk about their experiences of racism. An exploratory study to develop measures of racism for birth outcome studies","volume":"13","author":"Nuru-Jeter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal and Child Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.2307\/2669265","article-title":"Reconsidering the environmental determinants of white racial attitudes","volume":"44","author":"Oliver","year":"2000","journal-title":"American Journal of Political Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742058X0808003X","article-title":"Can't buy me Whiteness: new lessons from the Titanic on race, ethnicity, and health","volume":"5","author":"Pearson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Applied Psychological Measurement"},{"issue":"9906","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.6.335","article-title":"Unemployment, depression, and health: a look at the African-American community","volume":"53","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1573-7861.2009.01103.x","article-title":"Untangling inequalities: gender, race, and socioeconomic differences in depression","volume":"24","author":"Roxburgh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sociological Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.174.2.112","article-title":"Early life family disadvantages and major depression in adulthood","volume":"174","author":"Sadowski","year":"1999","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0009.2005.00407.x","article-title":"When mental health becomes health: age and the shifting meaning of self-evaluations of general health","volume":"83","author":"Schnittker","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Milbank Quarterly"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00084-8","article-title":"Social inequalities, stressors and self reported health status among African American and white women in the Detroit metropolitan area","volume":"51","author":"Schulz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.08.027","article-title":"Education, income and ethnic differences in cumulative biological risk profiles in a national sample of US adults: NHANES III (1988\u20131994)","volume":"66","author":"Seeman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/1090198106293526","article-title":"Effects of racial discrimination and health behaviors on mental and physical health of middle-class African American men","volume":"36","author":"Sellers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Education & Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300773","article-title":"The state of research on racial\/ethnic discrimination in the receipt of health care","volume":"102","author":"Shavers","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0221-3","article-title":"Repeated exposure to socioeconomic disadvantage and health selection as life course pathways to mid-life depressive and anxiety disorders","volume":"46","author":"Stansfeld","year":"2010","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650504600404","article-title":"Household income histories and child mental health trajectories","volume":"46","author":"Strohschein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20100142","article-title":"Socioeconomic status, self-rated health, and mortality in a multiethnic sample of US adults","volume":"21","author":"Suresh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib80","series-title":"Child poverty in the United States 2009 and 2010: Selected race groups and Hispanic origin","author":"U.S. Census Bureau","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib93","series-title":"Mental health: culture, race, and ethnicity: A supplement to mental health: A report of the Surgeon General-Executive Summary","author":"United States Department of Health and Human Services","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650905000106","article-title":"Ethnic differences in trajectories of depressive symptoms: disadvantage in family background, high school experiences, and adult characteristics","volume":"50","author":"Walsemann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027507311149","article-title":"Accumulating disadvantage over the life course: evidence from a longitudinal study investigating the relationship between educational advantage in youth and health in middle age","volume":"30","author":"Walsemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Research on Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1177\/1049731510385470","article-title":"Discrimination, mastery, and depressive symptoms among African American men","volume":"21","author":"Watkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Research on Social Work Practice"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.5.724","article-title":"The health of men: structured inequalities and opportunities","volume":"93","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.2.200","article-title":"Racial\/ethnic discrimination and health: findings from community studies","volume":"93","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/71.1.179","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorder and African Americans and Whites","volume":"71","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2307\/2137252","article-title":"Marital status and psychiatric disorders among blacks and whites","volume":"33","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Social Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305","article-title":"Racial differences in physical and mental health: socioeconomic status, stress and discrimination","volume":"2","author":"Williams","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Health Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-008-9185-0","article-title":"Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research","volume":"32","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.3.305","article-title":"Prevalence and distribution of major depressive disorder in African Americans, Caribbean blacks, and non-Hispanic whites: results from the National Survey of American Life","volume":"64","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2011.0685","article-title":"Where health disparities begin: the role of social and economic determinants and why current policies may make matters worse","volume":"30","author":"Woolf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Affairs"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953613004401?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953613004401?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,13]],"date-time":"2018-10-13T22:00:49Z","timestamp":1539468049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953613004401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"references-count":92,"alternative-id":["S0277953613004401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Race, life course socioeconomic position, racial discrimination, depressive symptoms and self-rated health","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.031","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}