{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:34:15Z","timestamp":1789515255920,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R01 AA018074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA018074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006967","name":"Duke Center for AIDS Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["P30 AI064518"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI064518"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006967","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,27]],"date-time":"2014-06-27T10:21:29Z","timestamp":1403864489000},"page":"119-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"special_numbering":"C","title":["\u201cIt's better for me to drink, at least the stress is going away\u201d: Perspectives on alcohol use during pregnancy among South African women attending drinking establishments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Melissa H.","family":"Watt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karmel W.","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Velloza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth C.","family":"Kalichman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4567-0601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald","family":"Skinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen J.","family":"Sikkema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.106.2.358","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome and alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders","volume":"106","author":"American Academy of Pediatrics","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1009","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3931","article-title":"Prenatal substance abuse: short- and long-term effects on the exposed fetus","volume":"131","author":"Behnke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987107081254","article-title":"Memoing in qualitative research: probing data and processes","volume":"13","author":"Birks","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Res. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2010.0700","article-title":"Maternal drug use and the timing of prenatal care","volume":"14","author":"Brady","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Health Care Poor Underserved"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib5","first-page":"174","article-title":"Alcohol and the developing brain: neuroanatomical studies","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Curr. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2008.09.009","article-title":"Unintended pregnancy and associated maternal preconception, prenatal and postpartum behaviors","volume":"79","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-97","article-title":"Drinking before and after pregnancy recognition among South African women: the moderating role of traumatic experiences","volume":"14","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pregnan. Childbirth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2013.819365","article-title":"Drinking in the context of life stressors: a multidimensional coping strategy among South African women","volume":"49","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Subst. Use Misuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.23034","article-title":"Safety concerns regarding binge drinking in pregnancy: a review","volume":"94","author":"Conover","year":"2012","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. Part Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.69.5.990","article-title":"Drinking to regulate positive and negative emotions: a motivational model of alcohol use","volume":"69","author":"Cooper","year":"1995","journal-title":"Personality Soc. Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0521-1","article-title":"Double disclosure bind: complexities of communicating an HIV diagnosis in the context of unintended pregnancy in Durban, South Africa","volume":"18","author":"Crankshaw","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2011.72.1041","article-title":"Social network characteristics and heavy episodic drinking among women at risk for HIV\/sexually transmitted infections","volume":"72","author":"Davey-Rothwell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.07.004","article-title":"Alcohol consumption among HIV-positive pregnant women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: prevalence and correlates","volume":"120","author":"Desmond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug. Alcohol. Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1225","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-1380","article-title":"Strengthening the case: prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with increased risk for conduct disorder","volume":"122","author":"Disney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-009-0458-1","article-title":"Association between pregnancy intention and reproductive-health related behaviors before and after pregnancy recognition, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997\u20132002","volume":"14","author":"Dott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Matern. Child. Health. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2011.72.490","article-title":"Field trial of alcohol-server training for prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Dresser","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Stud. Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-011-9438-7","article-title":"Pregnancy, alcohol intake, and intimate partner violence among men and women attending drinking establishments in a Cape Town, South Africa township","volume":"37","author":"Eaton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0328-2","article-title":"Alcohol consumption by women before and during pregnancy","volume":"13","author":"Ethen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Matern. Child. Health. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(99)00059-8","article-title":"Alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition","volume":"17","author":"Floyd","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000181822.91205.6f","article-title":"Recognition and prevention of fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Floyd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900008981","article-title":"Pregnancy as a stressful life event","volume":"9","author":"Geller","year":"2004","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-010-9687-y","article-title":"In the absence of marriage: long-term concurrent partnerships, pregnancy, and HIV risk dynamics among South African young adults","volume":"14","author":"Harrison","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.4.663","article-title":"Differences in preconceptional and prenatal behaviors in women with intended and unintended pregnancies","volume":"88","author":"Hellerstedt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91291-9","article-title":"Pattern of malformation in offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers","volume":"1","author":"Jones","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-006-0061-2","article-title":"Alcohol use and sexual risks for HIV\/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review of empirical findings","volume":"8","author":"Kalichman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2012.04071.x","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of peer support interventions for breastfeeding","volume":"21","author":"Kaunonen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.09.007","article-title":"Domestic violence and alcohol use: trauma-related symptoms and motives for drinking","volume":"32","author":"Kaysen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838007304406","article-title":"Violence against women and the perinatal period: the impact of lifetime violence and abuse on pregnancy, postpartum, and breastfeeding","volume":"8","author":"Kendall-Tackett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trauma, Violence Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib29","first-page":"880","article-title":"Use of and attitudes toward tobacco and alcohol among adults in southern Sri Lanka","volume":"44","author":"Lombardo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public. Health."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(98)00445-6","article-title":"The 'dop' system, alcohol abuse and social control amongst farm workers in South Africa: a public health challenge","volume":"48","author":"London","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. & Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib31","first-page":"1092","article-title":"Farm workers in South Africa \u2013 the challenge of eradicating alcohol abuse and the legacy of the 'dop' system","volume":"88","author":"London","year":"1998","journal-title":"S.\u00a0Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib32","series-title":"Qualitative Research Methods: a Data Collector's Field Guide","first-page":"29","author":"Mack","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-160","article-title":"Alcohol abstinence and drinking among African women: data from the World Health Surveys","volume":"11","author":"Martinez","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.90.12.1905","article-title":"Epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome in a South African community in the Western Cape Province","volume":"90","author":"May","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.11.007","article-title":"The epidemiology of fetal alcohol syndrome and partial FAS in a South African community","volume":"88","author":"May","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug. Alcohol. Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014686","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of individual and couple behavioral alcohol treatment for women","volume":"77","author":"McCrady","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Consult. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01727.x","article-title":"Effectiveness of three types of spouse-involved behavioral alcoholism treatment","volume":"86","author":"McCrady","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. J. Addict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.S1.1136","article-title":"Binge drinking in the preconception period and the risk of unintended pregnancy: implications for women and their children","volume":"111","author":"Naimi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.09.049","article-title":"Predictors of alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition among township women in Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"72","author":"O'Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. & Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e468","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3002","article-title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure and educational achievement in children aged 8\u20139 years","volume":"132","author":"O'Leary","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(94)90011-6","article-title":"Risk and protective factors for alcohol use among pregnant African-American, Hispanic, and white adolescents: the influence of peers, sexual partners, family members, and mentors","volume":"19","author":"Rhodes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Addict. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.3.421","article-title":"Adult attachment and the transition to parenthood","volume":"81","author":"Rholes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Personality Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9166-x","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: an overview","volume":"21","author":"Riley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuropsychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1177\/15353702-0323006-03","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: an overview with emphasis on changes in brain and behavior","volume":"230","author":"Riley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.03.013","article-title":"Self-medication of anxiety disorders with alcohol and drugs: results from a nationally representative sample","volume":"23","author":"Robinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Anxiety Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2010.2216","article-title":"Predictors of drinking during pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Skagerstrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Women's Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib47","series-title":"Census 2001","author":"South Africa Census Bureau","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib48","series-title":"South African Demographic and Health Survey","author":"South African Department of Health, Medical Research Council, & ORC Macro","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib49","first-page":"CD004228","article-title":"Psychological and\/or educational interventions for reducing alcohol consumption in pregnant women and women planning pregnancy","volume":"2","author":"Stade","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.S1.1131","article-title":"Reducing the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies: a study of a motivational intervention in community settings","volume":"111","author":"The Project CHOICES Intervention Research Group","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib51","article-title":"Multiple risk factors during pregnancy in South Africa: the need for a horizontal approach to perinatal care","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.593","article-title":"Fetal alcohol syndrome epidemiology in a South African community: a second study of a very high prevalence area","volume":"66","author":"Viljoen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Stud. Alcohol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2013.10.007","article-title":"The impact of methamphetamine (\"tik\") on a peri-urban community in Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"25","author":"Watt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug. Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2012.73.549","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms mediate the relationship between traumatic experiences and drinking behavior among women attending alcohol-serving venues in a South African township","volume":"73","author":"Watt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Stud. Alcohol & Drugs"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795361400416X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795361400416X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,9]],"date-time":"2022-04-09T11:46:50Z","timestamp":1649504810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027795361400416X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S027795361400416X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cIt's better for me to drink, at least the stress is going away\u201d: Perspectives on alcohol use during pregnancy among South African women attending drinking establishments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.06.048","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}