{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T22:04:50Z","timestamp":1778882690994,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Healthier Wisconsin Partnership Program at the Medical College of Wisconsin","award":["2011D-33"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011D-33"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health","award":["8UL1TR000055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8UL1TR000055"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,19]],"date-time":"2014-10-19T12:01:37Z","timestamp":1413720097000},"page":"253-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development and validation of the attitudes toward outdoor play scales for children"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"133","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-8528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"Beyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8238-2433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Bizub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aniko","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Heller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Kistner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7098-6771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin","family":"Shawgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corey","family":"Zetts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-009-0069-z","article-title":"Landscape and well-being: a scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments","volume":"55","author":"Abraham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.07.006","article-title":"Neighborhood greenness and 2-year changes in body mass index of children and youth","volume":"35","author":"Bell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2008.02225.x","article-title":"The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature","volume":"19","author":"Berman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.03.012","article-title":"Interacting with nature improves cognition and affect for individuals with depression","volume":"140","author":"Berman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib5","series-title":"Climbing Trees and Building Dens. Mental Health and Well-being in Young Adults and the Long-term Effects of Childhood Play Experience","author":"Bingley","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-456","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of evidence for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments","volume":"10","author":"Bowler","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.159.1.46","article-title":"Resurrecting free play in young children: looking beyond fitness and fatness to attention, affiliation, and affect","volume":"159","author":"Burdette","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib8","series-title":"Youth Focus Group Interviews: Oregon Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (Scorp)","author":"Burns","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-200308000-00005","article-title":"An environmental intervention to restore attention in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer","volume":"26","author":"Cimprich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-3-19","article-title":"Do attributes in the physical environment influence children's physical activity? A review of the literature","volume":"3","author":"Davison","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Activity"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1068\/a35111","article-title":"Natural environments-healthy environments? An exploratory analysis of the relationship between greenspace and health","volume":"35","author":"De Vries","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Plann. A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib12","first-page":"2","article-title":"Affinity for nature in outdoor programming: theoretical foundations, scale development, and importance","volume":"3","author":"Eastep","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Outdoor Recreat. Educ. Leadersh."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054708323000","article-title":"Children with attention deficits concentrate better after walk in the park","volume":"12","author":"Faber Taylor","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Atten. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/001872676201500104","article-title":"The Ab scales: an operational definition of belief and attitude","volume":"15","author":"Fishbein","year":"1962","journal-title":"Hum. Relat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012576913074","article-title":"The natural environment as a playground for children: the impact of outdoor play activities in pre-primary school children","volume":"29","author":"Fj\u00f8rtoft","year":"2001","journal-title":"Early Child. Educ. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-2046(00)00045-1","article-title":"The natural environment as a playground for children: landscape description and analyses of a natural playscape","volume":"48","author":"Fj\u00f8rtoft","year":"2000","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plann."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90360-3","article-title":"Therapeutic landscapes: medical issues in light of the new cultural geography","volume":"34","author":"Gesler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib18","series-title":"Health Behavior and Health Education: Theory, Research, and Practice","author":"Glanz","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib19","first-page":"31","article-title":"A\u00a0qualitative investigation of Californian youth interests in the outdoors","volume":"5","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Youth Dev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-4944(02)00109-3","article-title":"Tracking restoration in natural and urban field settings","volume":"23","author":"Hartig","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916591231001","article-title":"Restorative effects of natural environment experiences","volume":"23","author":"Hartig","year":"1991","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-008-9190-y","article-title":"Polychoric versus Pearson correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of ordinal variables","volume":"44","author":"Holgado-Tello","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual. Quantity"},{"issue":"4 Suppl.\u00a0l","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S218","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e3181f1eaf0","article-title":"Outdoor play: a survey of Parent's perceptions of their Child's safety","volume":"69","author":"Kalish","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-4944(95)90001-2","article-title":"The restorative benefits of nature: toward an integrative framework","volume":"15","author":"Kaplan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916503260236","article-title":"Physical and psychological factors in sense of community new Urbanist Kentlands and nearby orchard village","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.9.4.435","article-title":"Effects of obesity, social interactions, and physical environment on physical activity in preschoolers","volume":"9","author":"Klesges","year":"1990","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916509345212","article-title":"Construction and validation of an instrument to measure environmental orientations in a diverse group of children","volume":"43","author":"Larson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib28","series-title":"Play, Naturally: a Review of Children's Natural Play","author":"Lester","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/0033-0124.00288","article-title":"Access, equity, and urban greenways: an exploratory investigation","volume":"53","author":"Lindsey","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prof. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.2307\/3033889","article-title":"A\u00a0critical examination of the causal structure of the Fishbein\/Ajzen attitude-behavior model","author":"Liska","year":"1984","journal-title":"Soc. Psychol. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib31","series-title":"Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-deficit Disorder","author":"Louv","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2008.09.006","article-title":"Social contacts as a possible mechanism behind the relation between green space and health","volume":"15","author":"Maas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-206","article-title":"Physical activity as a possible mechanism behind the relationship between green space and health: a multilevel analysis","volume":"8","author":"Maas","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTTECH.21.2.225","article-title":"Growing minds: the development of an instrument to measure parental attitude toward nature and their child's outdoor recreation","volume":"21","author":"Mcfarland","year":"2011","journal-title":"Horttechnology"},{"issue":"9650","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61689-X","article-title":"Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study","volume":"372","author":"Mitchell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib36","article-title":"The theory of loose parts, an important principle for design methodology","volume":"4","author":"Nicholson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Stud. Des. Educ. Craft Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2007.02.001","article-title":"Do green areas affect health? Results from a Danish survey on the use of green areas and health indicators","volume":"13","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6629(199410)22:4<346::AID-JCOP2290220407>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Exploring adolescents' sense of community and its relationship to loneliness","volume":"22","author":"Pretty","year":"1994","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Community Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-6629(200101)29:1<29::AID-JCOP3>3.0.CO;2-C","article-title":"Sense of community referred to the whole town: its relations with neighboring, loneliness, life satisfaction, and area of residence","volume":"29","author":"Prezza","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Community Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib40","series-title":"R: a Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Development Core Team","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/0013916507300119","article-title":"The childhood factor","volume":"40","author":"Thompson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.2307\/213970","article-title":"Place: an experiential perspective","volume":"65","author":"Tuan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Geogr. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7185(97)00010-9","article-title":"Children's outdoor play: exploring parental concerns about children's safety and the changing nature of childhood","volume":"28","author":"Valentine","year":"1997","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.01.002","article-title":"Green space as a buffer between stressful life events and health","volume":"70","author":"Van Den Berg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2005.02.009","article-title":"Where do children usually play? A qualitative study of parents' perceptions of influences on children's active free-play","volume":"12","author":"Veitch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1080\/14733280701631874","article-title":"Children's perceptions of the use of public open spaces for active free-play","volume":"5","author":"Veitch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Children's Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.09.047","article-title":"\u201cI'm always entirely happy when I'm here!\u201d urban Blue enhancing human health and well-being in Cologne and D\u00fcsseldorf, Germany","volume":"78","author":"V\u00f6lker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2011.05.001","article-title":"The impact of blue space on human health and well-being\u2013salutogenetic health effects of inland surface waters: a review","volume":"214","author":"V\u00f6lker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2011.12.015","article-title":"More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: evidence from salivary cortisol patterns","volume":"105","author":"Ward Thompson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plann."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvp.2010.04.004","article-title":"Blue space: the importance of water for preference, affect, and restorativeness ratings of natural and built scenes","volume":"30","author":"White","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib51","series-title":"Biophilia","author":"Wilson","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib52","first-page":"131","article-title":"Landscapes of fear","volume":"84","author":"Yi-Fu","year":"1979","journal-title":"London"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033_bib53","first-page":"4","article-title":"Ordinal versions of coefficients alpha and theta for Likert rating scales","volume":"6","author":"Zumbo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mod. Appl. Stat. Methods"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953614006790?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953614006790?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T06:12:10Z","timestamp":1565935930000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953614006790"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0277953614006790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development and validation of the attitudes toward outdoor play scales for children","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.10.033","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}