{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:49:24Z","timestamp":1792795764513,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,12]],"date-time":"2015-12-12T16:47:31Z","timestamp":1449938851000},"page":"1-8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Unequal depression for equal work? How the wage gap explains gendered disparities in mood disorders"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"149","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Platt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Prins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Keyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib1","first-page":"3143","article-title":"Race and Gender in the Labor Market","volume":"3","author":"Altonji","year":"1999"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.56.10.781","article-title":"Women, men, work, and family","volume":"56","author":"Barnett","year":"2001","journal-title":"Expans. Theory. Am. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib3","first-page":"45","article-title":"Some notes on female wage labour in capitalist production","volume":"1","author":"Beechey","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cap. Cl."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib4","first-page":"103","article-title":"Occupational segregation, wages and profits when employers discriminate by race and sex","volume":"1","author":"Bergman","year":"1974","journal-title":"East. Econ. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/001979390105500101","article-title":"The gender gap in top corporate jobs","volume":"55","author":"Bertrand","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ind. Labor Relat. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib6","series-title":"Gender and Health: the Effects of Constrained Choices and Social Policies","author":"Bird","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5465\/amp.2007.24286161","article-title":"The gender pay gap have women gone as far as they can?","volume":"21","author":"Blau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acad. Manag. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.2307\/144855","article-title":"Wage discrimination: reduced form and structural estimates","author":"Blinder","year":"1973","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hum. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib9","series-title":"Women in the Labor Force: a Databook","author":"BLS, U. S. B. o. L. S","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib10","first-page":"74","article-title":"The problem with human capital theory \u2013 a Marxian critique","author":"Bowles","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1353\/dem.2001.0012","article-title":"A\u00a0cross-national comparison of the impact of family migration on women's employment status","volume":"38","author":"Boyle","year":"2001","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.2307\/1131069","article-title":"Biological and social contributions to negative affect in young adolescent girls","author":"Brooks-Gunn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Child. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240106600203","article-title":"The wage penalty for motherhood","author":"Budig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(02)00201-0","article-title":"Health selection in the Whitehall II study, UK","volume":"56","author":"Chandola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007096","article-title":"Structural levels of mental illness stigma and discrimination","volume":"30","author":"Corrigan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.4.608","article-title":"Social stigma and self-esteem: the self-protective properties of stigma","volume":"96","author":"Crocker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib17","series-title":"Women Still Earn Less than Men across the Board. Raising America's Pay","author":"Davis","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib18","series-title":"Social Status and Psychological Disorder: a Causal Inquiry","author":"Dohrenwend","year":"1969"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780240027003","article-title":"Nonspecific psychological distress and other dimensions of psychopathology: measures for use in the general population","volume":"37","author":"Dohrenwend","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch. General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.05.008","article-title":"Women's sleep in health and disease","volume":"39","author":"Dzaja","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib21","series-title":"Cooperative Institutional Research Program at the Higher Education Research Institute","first-page":"79","article-title":"The American freshman: National norms fall 2014","author":"Eagan","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib22","first-page":"123","article-title":"Social role theory of sex differences and similarities: a current appraisal","author":"Eagly","year":"2000","journal-title":"Dev. Soc. Psychol. Gend."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib23","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sex differences in psychiatric disorders: origins and developmental influences","volume":"5","author":"Earls","year":"1987","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Dev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024780","article-title":"An invariant dimensional liability model of gender differences in mental disorder prevalence: evidence from a national sample","volume":"121","author":"Eaton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Abnorm Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib25","volume":"vol. 8","author":"Figart","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib26","first-page":"83","article-title":"The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II)","volume":"9","author":"First","year":"1995","journal-title":"Part I: description. J. Personal. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib27","series-title":"Stress, Appraisal, and Coping","author":"Folkman","year":"1984"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib28","first-page":"359","article-title":"Propensity score matching without conditional independence assumption\u2014with an application to the gender wage gap in the United Kingdom","volume":"10","author":"Fr\u00f6lich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Econ. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J013v31n04_01","article-title":"Women's work roles and their impact on health, well-being, and career: comparisons between the United States, Sweden, and The Netherlands","volume":"31","author":"Gjerdingen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Women Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib30","series-title":"The Gender Gap: An Economic History of American Women","author":"Goldin","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib31","series-title":"The Homecoming of American College Women: The Reversal of the College Gender Gap","author":"Goldin","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(03)00070-X","article-title":"The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of alcohol consumption, tobacco use, family history of depression and psychiatric diagnostic modules in a general population sample","volume":"71","author":"Grant","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib33","series-title":"Source and Accuracy Statement for Wave 1 of the 2001\u20132002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)","author":"Grant","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0432.2007.00361.x","article-title":"More control, less conflict? Job demand\u2013control, gender and work\u2013family conflict","volume":"14","author":"Gr\u00f6nlund","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gend. Work Organ."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.10.1097","article-title":"Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcoholism and related conditions","volume":"62","author":"Hasin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.029496","article-title":"Estimating causal effects from epidemiological data","volume":"60","author":"Hern\u00e1n","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Epidemiol. Community health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2338.1989.tb00065.x","article-title":"Unequal jobs or unequal pay?","volume":"20","author":"Horrell","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ind. Relat. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib38","series-title":"The Great Recession and the Distribution of Household Income","author":"Jenkins","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/13545700601075088","article-title":"Wage determination and the gender pay gap: a feminist political economy analysis and decomposition","volume":"13","author":"Karamessini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fem. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.2307\/2392498","article-title":"Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: implications for job redesign","author":"Karasek","year":"1979","journal-title":"Adm. Sci. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib41","series-title":"Healthy Work: Stress, Productivity, and the Reconstruction of Working Life","author":"Karasek","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.70","article-title":"Levels of explanation in psychiatric and substance use disorders: implications for the development of an etiologically based nosology","volume":"17","author":"Kendler","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617","article-title":"Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication","volume":"62","author":"Kessler","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch. General Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib44","series-title":"The Costs of Caring: A Perspective on the Relationship between Sex and Psychological Distress Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications","first-page":"491","author":"Kessler","year":"1985"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2000.tb01025.x","article-title":"Sexist discrimination may account for well-known gender differences in psychiatric symptoms","volume":"24","author":"Klonoff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Women Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib46","series-title":"Social Epidemiology","first-page":"63","article-title":"Discrimination and health inequities","author":"Krieger","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib47","series-title":"PSMATCH2: Stata Module to Perform Full Mahalanobis and Propensity Score Matching, Common Support Graphing, and Covariate Imbalance Testing","author":"Leuven","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.27.1.363","article-title":"Conceptualizing stigma","author":"Link","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1513","article-title":"On weighting the rates in non-response weights","volume":"22","author":"Little","year":"2003","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib50","series-title":"Wage-labor and Capital","author":"Marx","year":"1865"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0286-z","article-title":"State-level women's status and psychiatric disorders among US women","volume":"46","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.2.262","article-title":"Prejudice as stress: conceptual and measurement problems","volume":"93","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.1487","article-title":"Salary differences between male and female registered nurses in the United States","volume":"313","author":"Muench","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib54","series-title":"Wave 2 NESARC Data Notes","author":"National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, N","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib55","series-title":"The Effects of Race and Sex Discrimination Laws","author":"Neumark","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib56","series-title":"Sex Differences in Depression","author":"Nolen-Hoeksema","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2307\/2525981","article-title":"Male-female wage differentials in urban labor markets","author":"Oaxaca","year":"1973","journal-title":"Int. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.2307\/1519813","article-title":"Does perceived discrimination affect health? Longitudinal relationships between work discrimination and women's physical and emotional health","author":"Pavalko","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.177.6.486","article-title":"Gender differences in depression Critical review","volume":"177","author":"Piccinelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib60","first-page":"189","article-title":"Sociological approaches to sex discrimination in employment","author":"Ridgeway","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sex Discrim. Workplace Multidiscip. Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib61","first-page":"235","article-title":"Institutional factors contributing to sex segregation in the workplace","author":"Roos","year":"1984","journal-title":"Sex Segreg. Workplace Trends Explan. Remedies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","article-title":"The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects","volume":"70","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"1983","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167202288006","article-title":"The internal and external causal loci of attributions to prejudice","volume":"28","author":"Schmitt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib64","series-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 12","author":"Stata","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543066003341","article-title":"Human capital theory: foundations of a field of inquiry","volume":"66","author":"Sweetland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Rev. Educ. Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n1011","article-title":"Gender differences in generalized anxiety disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC)","volume":"69","author":"Vesga-Lopez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib67","first-page":"265","article-title":"The reversal of gender inequalities in higher education: an on-going trend","volume":"2030","author":"Vincent-Lancrin","year":"2008","journal-title":"High. Educ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.2307\/1519794","article-title":"Has the future of marriage arrived? A contemporary examination of gender, marriage, and psychological well-being","volume":"44","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1086\/298302","article-title":"Pay differences among the highly paid: the male-female earnings gap in lawyers' salaries","author":"Wood","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Labor Econ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1177\/0081175015583985","article-title":"Decomposition of gender or racial inequality with endogenous intervening covariates: an extension of the DiNardo-Fortin-Lemieux method","volume":"45","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sociol. Methodol."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.06.013","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,1]],"date-time":"2016-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470009600000}}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953615302616?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953615302616?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:18:01Z","timestamp":1759504681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953615302616"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"references-count":70,"alternative-id":["S0277953615302616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.06.013","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Unequal depression for equal work? How the wage gap explains gendered disparities in mood disorders","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.056","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}