{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:08:49Z","timestamp":1790809729414,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,1]],"date-time":"2016-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,10]],"date-time":"2016-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Gender and Health of the Canadian Institutes for Health Research","award":["106609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106609"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,11]],"date-time":"2016-03-11T01:31:59Z","timestamp":1457659919000},"page":"64-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bisexuality, poverty and mental health: A mixed methods analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6105-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori E.","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel","family":"O'Gorman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"MacLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta R.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"MacKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"s2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s258","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8543.2011.00849.x","article-title":"Inter-and intra-household earnings differentials among homosexual and heterosexual couples","volume":"49","author":"Ahmed","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br. J. Ind. Relat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib2","series-title":"Poverty in the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Community","author":"Albelda","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib5","series-title":"Money, Myths, and Change: the Economic Lives of Lesbians and Gay Men","author":"Badgett","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib6","series-title":"Socioeconomic Status, Definition. The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Health, Illness, Behavior, and Society","author":"Baker","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib7","series-title":"Canada's Colour-coded Labour Market","author":"Block","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/027321701300202046","article-title":"Measuring self-perceived racial and ethnic discrimination in social surveys","volume":"21","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sociol. Spectr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.03.014","article-title":"Validation of a brief measure of anxiety-related severity and impairment: the overall anxiety severity and impairment scale (OASIS)","volume":"112","author":"Campbell-Sills","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Affect. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/001979390505800205","article-title":"Self-reported sexual orientation and earnings: evidence from California","volume":"58","author":"Carpenter","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ind. Labor Relat. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib11","series-title":"Constructing Grounded Theory: a Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis","author":"Charmaz","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib12","series-title":"A\u00a0Statistical Profile of Poverty in Canada","author":"Collin","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib13","series-title":"Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment","author":"Collins","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib14","first-page":"139","article-title":"Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics","volume":"140","author":"Crenshaw","year":"1989","journal-title":"Univ. Chic. Leg. Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib15","series-title":"Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research","author":"Creswell","year":"2007"},{"issue":"5047","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1546291","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: the causation-selection issue","volume":"255","author":"Dohrenwend","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2014.0005","article-title":"From bias to bisexual health disparities: attitudes toward bisexual men and women in the United States","volume":"1","author":"Friedman","year":"2014","journal-title":"LGBT Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300668","article-title":"Association between socioeconomic position discrimination and psychological distress: findings from a community-based sample of gay and bisexual men in New York city","volume":"102","author":"Gamarel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib19","series-title":"How Many People are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender?","author":"Gates","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-015-0406-1","article-title":"A\u00a0new piece of the puzzle: sexual orientation, gender, and physical health status","volume":"52","author":"Gorman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/09581590802294296","article-title":"Intersectionality and the determinants of health: a Canadian perspective","volume":"18","author":"Hankivsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2307\/3096941","article-title":"Respondent-driven sampling: a new approach to the study of hidden populations","volume":"44","author":"Heckathorn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc. Probl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.75.1.3","article-title":"Socioeconomic status and mental illness: tests of the social causation and selection hypotheses","volume":"75","author":"Hudson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Orthopsychiatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.423","article-title":"Sexual orientation and mental health: results from a community survey of young and middle-aged adults","volume":"180","author":"Jorm","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1080\/15299716.2012.645701","article-title":"A\u00a0forgotten sexuality: content analysis of bisexuality in the medical literature over two decades","volume":"12","author":"Kaestle","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bisex."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1027-0","article-title":"How financial hardship is associated with the onset of mental health problems over time","volume":"50","author":"Kiely","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib28","unstructured":"MacKay, J., Robinson, M., Pinder, S., Ross, L.E., A grounded theory of bisexual individuals\u2032 experiences of help seeking. Am. J. Orthopsychiatr. (in press)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9575-6","article-title":"Is being out about sexual orientation uniformly healthy? The moderating role of socioeconomic status in a prospective study of gay and bisexual men","volume":"47","author":"McGarrity","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib30","series-title":"Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research","first-page":"135","article-title":"Mixed methods and the politics of human research: the transformative-emancipatory perspective","author":"Mertens","year":"2003"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","article-title":"Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence","volume":"129","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib32","first-page":"245","article-title":"Compared perceived experiences of prejudice among self-identified plurisexual individuals","volume":"6","author":"Mitchell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol. Sex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1080\/07481756.2000.12068999","article-title":"Measuring dimensions of lesbian and gay male experience","volume":"33","author":"Mohr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Meas. Eval. Couns. Dev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315588501","article-title":"Critical analysis of strategies for determining rigor in qualitative inquiry","volume":"25","author":"Morse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxh001","article-title":"Socioeconomic position and major mental disorders","volume":"26","author":"Muntaner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101604","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101604","article-title":"Mental health and substance use among bisexual youth and non-youth in Ontario Canada","volume":"9","author":"Ross","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2008.156307","article-title":"Perceived determinants of mental health for bisexual people: a qualitative examination","volume":"100","author":"Ross","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.7870\/cjcmh-2011-0020","article-title":"Depression in male-to-female transgender Ontarians: results from the trans PULSE project","volume":"30","author":"Rotondi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Can. J. Community Ment. Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025714729117","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist\u2014civilian version","volume":"16","author":"Ruggiero","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Trauma. Stress"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1300\/J082v18n01_01","article-title":"Coming out to parents and self-esteem among gay and lesbian youths","volume":"18","author":"Savin-Williams","year":"1989","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Homosex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib40","series-title":"Education and Occupation of High-income Canadians","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib41","series-title":"Low-income Cutoffs (LICOs)","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib42","series-title":"Table\u00a03 Low Income Measures, by Income Concept, for Household Size of Four Persons","author":"Statistics Canada","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-10-3","article-title":"Race, gender, class, and sexual orientation: intersecting axes of inequality and self-rated health in Canada","volume":"10","author":"Veenstra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Equity Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib44","first-page":"79","article-title":"Probability based estimation theory for respondent driven sampling","volume":"24","author":"Volz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Off. Stat."},{"issue":"9904","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61611-6","article-title":"Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the global burden of disease study 2010","volume":"382","author":"Whiteford","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953616301095?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953616301095?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]],"date-time":"2024-06-14T23:12:36Z","timestamp":1718406756000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953616301095"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0277953616301095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bisexuality, poverty and mental health: A mixed methods analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.03.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}