{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T08:32:54Z","timestamp":1792398774548,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,1]],"date-time":"2017-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,7]],"date-time":"2017-01-07T03:47:57Z","timestamp":1483760877000},"page":"52-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"special_numbering":"C","title":["\u201cLife is so easy on ART, once you accept it\u201d: Acceptance, denial and linkage to HIV care in Shiselweni, Swaziland"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Shona","family":"Horter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zanele","family":"Thabede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velibanti","family":"Dlamini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Bernays","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverley","family":"Stringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sikhathele","family":"Mazibuko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lenhle","family":"Dube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Rusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiran","family":"Jobanputra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12115","article-title":"Linkage to care following community-based mobile HIV testing compared with clinic-based testing in Umlazi Township, Durban, South Africa","volume":"15","author":"Bassett","year":"2014","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2009.0032","article-title":"Health-related beliefs and decisions about accessing HIV medical care among HIV-infected persons who are not receiving care","volume":"23","author":"Beer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aids Patient Care Stds"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12189","article-title":"What am I \u201cliving\u201d with? growing up with HIV in Uganda and Zimbabwe","volume":"37","author":"Bernays","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2006.00684.x","article-title":"Qualitative data analysis for health services research: developing taxonomy, themes, and theory","volume":"42","author":"Bradley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182170fd3","article-title":"HIV diagnosis, linkage to HIV care, and HIV risk behaviors among newly diagnosed HIV-positive female sex workers in Kigali, Rwanda","volume":"57","author":"Braunstein","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep11339939","article-title":"Chronic illness as biographical disruption","volume":"4","author":"Bury","year":"1982","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.ep10934486","article-title":"From biographical disruption to biographical reinforcement: the case of HIV-positive men","volume":"17","author":"Carricaburu","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105243","article-title":"Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy","volume":"365","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq243","article-title":"The spectrum of engagement in HIV care and its relevance to test-and-treat strategies for prevention of HIV infection","volume":"52","author":"Gardner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis. Off. Publ. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70272-X","article-title":"The HIV care cascade through time","volume":"14","author":"Gardner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"66","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000081","article-title":"Linkage to HIV care and antiretroviral therapy by HIV testing service type in Central Mozambique: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"1999","author":"Gerdts","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2524.2009.00881.x","article-title":"\u201cMy biggest fear was that people would reject me once they knew my status\u201d: stigma as experienced by patients in an HIV\/AIDS clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa","volume":"18","author":"Gilbert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Health Soc. Care Community"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1177\/104973299129122199","article-title":"The future of grounded theory","volume":"9","author":"Glaser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib14","series-title":"The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research","author":"Glaser","year":"1967"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib15","series-title":"Qualitative Methods for Health Research","author":"Green","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2009.01172.x","article-title":"Troubling biographical disruption: narratives of unconcern about hepatitis C diagnosis","volume":"31","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001800","article-title":"HIV Treatment-as-prevention research: Taking the right road at the crossroads","volume":"12","author":"Hayes","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib18","article-title":"Initiation of antiretroviral therapy in early asymptomatic HIV infection","author":"INSIGHT START Study Group","year":"2015","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib19","unstructured":"Iwuji, C., Orne-Gliemann, J., Balestre, E., Larmarange, J., Thiebaut, R., Tanser, F., Okesola, N., Makowa, T., Dreyer, J., Herbst, K., McGrath, N., Barnighausen, T., Boyer, S., De Oliveira, T., Rekacewicz, C., Bazin, B., Newell, M.-L., Pillay, D., Dabis, F., 2016. The impact of universal test and treat on HIV incidence in a rural South African population: ANRS 12249 TasP trial, 2012-2016. Presented at the 21st International AIDS Conference, Durban. doi:FRAC0105LB."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2012.656569","article-title":"Delayed entry into HIV medical care after HIV diagnosis: risk factors and research methods","volume":"24","author":"Jenness","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. AidsHiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-0045-y","article-title":"The impact of denial on health-related quality of life in patients with HIV","volume":"21","author":"Kamen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual. Life Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib22","first-page":"59","article-title":"Patching a leaky pipe: the cascade of HIV care","volume":"8","author":"Kilmarx","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02505.x","article-title":"The salience of the body: transition in sexual self-identity for women living with multiple sclerosis","volume":"42","author":"Kralik","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2702.2003.00826.x","article-title":"Chronic illness self-management: taking action to create order","volume":"13","author":"Kralik","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1972.03200150040010","article-title":"ON death and dying","volume":"221","author":"K\u00fcbler-Ross","year":"1972","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-014-1333-6","article-title":"Fogging the issue of HIV - barriers for HIV testing in a migrated population from Ethiopia and Eritrea","volume":"15","author":"Lindkvist","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bmc Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2009.21.6.582","article-title":"\u201cIt's better not to know\u201d: perceived barriers to hiv voluntary counseling and testing among sub-Saharan African migrants in Belgium","volume":"21","author":"Manirankunda","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aids Educ. Prev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/13.6.522","article-title":"Sampling for qualitative research","volume":"13","author":"Marshall","year":"1996","journal-title":"Fam. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0344-5","article-title":"Early uptake of HIV clinical care after testing HIV-positive during home-based testing and counseling in Western Kenya","volume":"17","author":"Medley","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir812","article-title":"Home-based HIV counseling and testing as a gateway to earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"54","author":"Mills","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.579945","article-title":"Acceptance-based behavior therapy to promote HIV medication adherence","volume":"23","author":"Moitra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. AidsHiv"},{"issue":"Suppl.\u00a01","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu299","article-title":"Addressing the Achilles' heel in the HIV care continuum for the success of a test-and-treat strategy to achieve an AIDS-free generation","volume":"59","author":"Nachega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib33","first-page":"470245","article-title":"A\u00a0qualitative study of barriers to enrollment into free HIV care: perspectives of never-in-care HIV-positive patients and providers in rakai, Uganda","author":"Nakigozi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.09.023","article-title":"The relationship of acceptance or denial of HIV-status to antiretroviral adherence among adult HIV patients in urban Botswana (vol 67, pg 301, 2008)","volume":"67","author":"Nam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2009.02304.x","article-title":"Feasibility, acceptability and cost of home-based HIV testing in rural Kenya","volume":"14","author":"Negin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794112446106","article-title":"\u201cUnsatisfactory Saturation\u201d: a critical exploration of the notion of saturated sample sizes in qualitative research","volume":"13","author":"O'Reilly","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120903373565","article-title":"Determinants of failure to access care in mothers referred to HIV treatment programs in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"22","author":"Otieno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. AidsHiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12501","article-title":"Feasibility and effectiveness of two community-based HIV testing models in rural Swaziland","volume":"20","author":"Parker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib39","article-title":"Access to HIV care in the context of universal test and treat: challenges within the ANRS 12249 TasP cluster-randomized trial in rural South Africa","volume":"19","author":"Plazy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Int. AIDS Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129848415","article-title":"Factors associated with HIV-infected women's delay in seeking medical care","volume":"10","author":"Raveis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. AidsHiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001056","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001056","article-title":"Retention in HIV care between testing and treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Rosen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.10.039","article-title":"The transition to living with HIV as a chronic condition in rural Uganda: working to create order and control when on antiretroviral therapy","volume":"70","author":"Russell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2012.671263","article-title":"Barriers to initiating antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy: a qualitative study of women attending services in Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"11","author":"Stinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ajar-Afr. J. Aids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib44","series-title":"Swaziland HIV Incidence Measurement Survey (SHIMS): First Findings Report","author":"Swaziland Ministry of Health","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.03942.x","article-title":"Acceptance and denial: implications for people adapting to chronic illness: literature review","volume":"55","author":"Telford","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507198","article-title":"A\u00a0trial of early antiretrovirals and isoniazid preventive therapy in Africa","volume":"373","author":"The TEMPRANO ANRS 12136 Study Group","year":"2015","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51620","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051620","article-title":"Household-based HIV counseling and testing as a platform for referral to HIV care and medical male circumcision in Uganda: a pilot evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Tumwebaze","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2010.0096","article-title":"High uptake of home-based, district-wide, HIV counseling and testing in Uganda","volume":"24","author":"Tumwesigye","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib49","series-title":"90\u201390\u201390-An Ambitious Treatment Target to Help End the AIDS Epidemic [WWW Document]","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31829b567d","article-title":"High HIV testing uptake and linkage to care in a novel program of home-based HIV counseling and testing with facilitated referral in KwaZulu-natal, South Africa","volume":"64","author":"van Rooyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jaids-J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir789","article-title":"What is the impact of home-based HIV counseling and testing on the clinical status of newly enrolled adults in a large HIV care program in western Kenya?","volume":"54","author":"Wachira","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001369","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001369","article-title":"Toward an understanding of disengagement from HIV treatment and care in sub-Saharan Africa: a qualitative study","volume":"10","author":"Ware","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00191","article-title":"Chronic illness as biographical disruption or biographical disruption as chronic illness? Reflections on a core concept","volume":"22","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib54","series-title":"Guideline on when to Start Antiretroviral Therapy and on Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for HIV [WWW Document]","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120802385629","article-title":"Doubts, denial and divine intervention: understanding delayed attendance and poor retention rates at a HIV treatment programme in rural Tanzania","volume":"21","author":"Wringe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. AidsHiv"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953617300072?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953617300072?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T03:37:32Z","timestamp":1568691452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953617300072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S0277953617300072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cLife is so easy on ART, once you accept it\u201d: Acceptance, denial and linkage to HIV care in Shiselweni, Swaziland","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.01.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}