{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T13:07:55Z","timestamp":1791378475395,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,1]],"date-time":"2017-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491004800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,28]],"date-time":"2018-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519776000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":333,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Foundation's Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Program","award":["0962526"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0962526"]}]},{"name":"University of South Florida's Department of Anthropology's Fathauer Travel Award"},{"name":"Patel College of Global Sustainability"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T11:17:14Z","timestamp":1487762234000},"page":"52-60","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Water insecurity in a syndemic context: Understanding the psycho-emotional stress of water insecurity in Lesotho, Africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Cassandra L.","family":"Workman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Ureksoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib1","series-title":"Hydropolitics in the Developing World: a Southern African Perspective","first-page":"217","article-title":"Water and HIV\/AIDS: some strategic considerations in southern Africa","author":"Ashton","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib2","article-title":"Post-partum depression in Kinshasa, democratic republic of Congo: validation of a concept using a mixed-methods cross-cultural approach","volume":"12","author":"Bass","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Int. Health TM IH"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib3","unstructured":"Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The world factbook: Lesotho. Retrieved 1\/15, 2012, from: https:\/\/www.cia.gov\/library\/publications\/the-world-factbook\/geos\/lt.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib4","series-title":"Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) for Measurement of Food Access: Indicator Guide","author":"Coates","year":"2007"},{"issue":"9391","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14548-5","article-title":"Public health: new variant famine: AIDS and food crisis in southern Africa","volume":"362","author":"de Waal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/bs.3830190102","article-title":"The Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL): a self-report symptom inventory","volume":"19","author":"Derogatis","year":"1974","journal-title":"Behav. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.2001.15.3.368","article-title":"Suffering from water: social origins of bodily distress in a Mexican community","volume":"15","author":"Ennis-McMillan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med. Anthropol. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib8","first-page":"19","article-title":"Validation of a mental health assessment in an African conflict population","volume":"1","author":"Ertl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. Perspect. Psychol. Res. Pract. Consult."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib9","series-title":"Global Health in Times of Violence","first-page":"113","article-title":"A\u00a0violence of history: accounting for AIDS in post-apartheid South Africa","author":"Fassin","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib10","unstructured":"Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources Policy Analysis Network (FANRPAN). (n.d.) The Household Vulnerability Index (HVI) Tool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib11","series-title":"The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 2004","author":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)","year":"2004"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2055-0928-1-2","article-title":"Is the adapted household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) developed internationally to measure food insecurity valid in urban and rural households of Ethiopia?","volume":"1","author":"Gebreyesus","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8276.2005.00820.x","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS and food and nutrition security: interactions and response","volume":"87","author":"Gillespie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Agric. Econ."},{"issue":"S55","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22161","article-title":"Coping and the biosocial consequences of food insecurity in the 21st century","volume":"149","author":"Hadley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20505","article-title":"Food insecurity in rural Tanzania is associated with maternal anxiety and depression","volume":"18","author":"Hadley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.68.4.932w421317680w5x","article-title":"Experience-based measures of food and water security: biocultural approaches to grounded measures of insecurity","volume":"68","author":"Hadley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Organ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2989\/AJAR.2009.8.4.4.1041","article-title":"Addressing the HIV\/AIDS-food insecurity syndemic in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"8","author":"Himmelgreen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Afr. J. AIDS Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.156.3.343","article-title":"Anxiety and depression in a village in Lesotho, Africa: a comparison with the United States","volume":"156","author":"Hollifield","year":"1990","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry J. Ment. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2013.10.002","article-title":"Measuring \u2018no-win\u2019 waterscapes: experience-based scales and classification approaches to assess household water security in colonias on the US-Mexico border","volume":"51","author":"Jepson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.01205.x","article-title":"Validity of the Hopkins symptom checklist-25 amongst HIV-positive pregnant women in Tanzania","volume":"106","author":"Kaaya","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.71.2.b884qx914u101j42","article-title":"Water security in buenos aires and the Parana Paraguay waterway","volume":"71","author":"Kane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Organ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980009991121","article-title":"Validation of the household food insecurity access scale in rural Tanzania","volume":"13","author":"Kneuppel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib24","series-title":"Lesotho food Security and Vulnerability Monitoring Report","author":"Lesotho Vulnerability Assessment Committee (LVAC)","year":"2011"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.01.018","article-title":"Food insecurity and mental health: surprising trends among community health volunteers in addis ababa, Ethiopia during the 2008 food crisis","volume":"70","author":"Maes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0128-z","article-title":"Community-based cross-cultural adaptation of mental health measures in emergency settings: validating the IES-R and HSCL-37A in eastern democratic republic of Congo","volume":"45","author":"Mels","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry & Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib27","series-title":"Syndemic Suffering : Social Distress, Depression, and Diabetes Among Mexican Immigrant Women","author":"Mendenhall","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1505-3-6","article-title":"Trauma, poverty and mental health among Somali and Rwandese refugees living in an African refugee settlement - an epidemiological study","volume":"3","author":"Onyut","year":"2009","journal-title":"Confl. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32834e14ac","article-title":"HIV\/AIDS and food insecurity: deadly syndemic or an opportunity for healthcare synergism in resource-limited settings of sub-Saharan Africa?","volume":"26","author":"Reddi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aids"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib30","first-page":"99","article-title":"Dose of drugs, a touch of violence, a case of AIDS: conceptualizing the SAVA syndemic","volume":"24","author":"Singer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Free Inq. Creative Sociol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib31","first-page":"12","article-title":"\u201cThe perfect epidemiological storm\u201d: food insecurity, HIV\/AIDS and poverty in southern Africa","volume":"49","author":"Singer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anthropol. News"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2153-9588.2011.01064.x","article-title":"Toward a critical biosocial model of ecohealth in southern Africa: the HIV\/AIDS and nutrition insecurity syndemic","volume":"35","author":"Singer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Anthropol. Pract."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1525\/maq.2003.17.4.423","article-title":"Syndemics and public health: reconceptualizing disease in bio-social context","volume":"17","author":"Singer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Anthropol. Q."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153432","article-title":"Community water improvement, household water insecurity, and Women's psychological distress: an intervention and control study in Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"Stevenson","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.03.022","article-title":"Water insecurity in 3 dimensions: an anthropological perspective on water and women's psychosocial distress in Ethiopia","volume":"75","author":"Stevenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300924","article-title":"Interactions between HIV\/AIDS and the environment: toward a syndemic framework","volume":"103","author":"Talman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82521","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0082521","article-title":"Reliability and validity of instruments for assessing perinatal depression in African settings: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib38","series-title":"HIV\/AIDS Health Profile USAID\/Lesotho","author":"U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.5.1404S","article-title":"Measuring household food insecurity: why it's so important and yet so difficult to do","volume":"136","author":"Webb","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib40","series-title":"Water Insecurity and the Poor: Issues and Research Needs","author":"Webb","year":"1998"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib41","first-page":"1729S","article-title":"Conceptual framework for understanding the bidirectional links between food insecurity and HIV\/AIDS","volume":"94","author":"Weiser","year":"2011","journal-title":"Food Insecur. as a Barrier Sustain. Antiretrovir. Ther. Adherence Uganda"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib42","series-title":"Improved Water Source, Rural (% of Rural Population with Access)","author":"World Bank, The","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib43","series-title":"The Effects of Urban Water Scarcity on Reciprocity and Sociability in Cochamba, Bolivia","author":"Wutich","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1086\/677311","article-title":"Food, water, and scarcity toward a broader anthropology of resource insecurity","volume":"55","author":"Wutich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Anthropol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.09.042","article-title":"Water insecurity and emotional distress: coping with supply, access, and seasonal variability of water in a Bolivian squatter settlement","volume":"67","author":"Wutich","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953617301223?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953617301223?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:18:15Z","timestamp":1759504695000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953617301223"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0277953617301223"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Water insecurity in a syndemic context: Understanding the psycho-emotional stress of water insecurity in Lesotho, Africa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.026","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}