{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T15:26:43Z","timestamp":1791991603629,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Children and Violence Evaluation Challenge Fund"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007409","name":"Bernard van Leer Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001275","name":"Oak Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008391","name":"UBS Optimus Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Network of European Foundations"},{"name":"Child Protection Working Group"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,6]],"date-time":"2018-05-06T20:03:22Z","timestamp":1525637002000},"page":"180-189","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Improving mental health among ultra-poor children: Two-year outcomes of a cluster-randomized trial in Burkina Faso"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Ismayilova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leyla","family":"Karimli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Sanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Gaveras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Nanema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexice","family":"T\u00f4-Camier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Chaffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib1","first-page":"370","article-title":"Income shocks and adolescent mental health","volume":"48","author":"Baird","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Hum. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1260799","article-title":"A multifaceted program causes lasting progress for the very poor: evidence from six countries","volume":"348","author":"Banerjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-835","article-title":"A systematic review of the effectiveness of mental health promotion interventions for young people in low and middle income countries","volume":"13","author":"Barry","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.09.003","article-title":"Validating the center for epidemiological studies depression scale for children in Rwanda","volume":"51","author":"Betancourt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/008124631104100202","article-title":"The determinants of family resilience among families in low-and middle-income contexts: a systematic literature review","volume":"41","author":"Bhana","year":"2011","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/17450120903193907","article-title":"Assessing the \u201corphan effect\u201d in determining development outcomes for children in 11 eastern and southern African countries","volume":"5","author":"Campbell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vulnerable Child. Youth Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib7","series-title":"Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8)","author":"Children and War Foundation","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib8","series-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001434","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001434","article-title":"Grand challenges in global mental health: integration in research, policy, and practice","volume":"10","author":"Collins","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/475027a","article-title":"Grand challenges in global mental health","volume":"475","author":"Collins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.38.2.179","article-title":"Economic pressure in African American families: a replication and extension of the family stress model","volume":"38","author":"Conger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2012.09.010","article-title":"Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance","volume":"50","author":"Craig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/15248371003699969","article-title":"Twelve frequently asked questions about growth curve modeling","volume":"11","author":"Curran","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cognit. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib14","series-title":"From Extreme Poverty to Sustainable Livelihoods: a Technical Guide to the Graduation Approach","author":"de Montesquiou","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.383","article-title":"Parenting stress and children's development: introduction to the special issue","volume":"14","author":"Deater-Deckard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infant Child Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e536","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.536","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Children\u2019s Revised Impact of Events Scale (CRIES) with Bangladeshi children and adolescents","volume":"2","author":"Deeba","year":"2014","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyl129","article-title":"Sample size for cluster randomized trials: effect of coefficient of variation of cluster size and analysis method","volume":"35","author":"Eldridge","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3362\/1755-1986.2015.012","article-title":"Evaluations of outcomes for children and youth from NGO-supported microeconomic interventions: a research synthesis","volume":"26","author":"Ellis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Enterp. Dev. Microfinance"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.143.8.1024","article-title":"Assessment of depression in childhood and adolescence: an evaluation of the center for epidemiological studies depression scale for children (CES-DC)","volume":"143","author":"Faulstich","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70357-8","article-title":"Mental health interventions in schools in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"1","author":"Fazel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib21","series-title":"New Pathways for the Poorest: the Graduation Model from BRAC","author":"Hashemi","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib22","series-title":"Longitudinal Data Analysis","author":"Hedeker","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib23","series-title":"Multilevel Analysis: Techniques and Applications","author":"Hox","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164790","article-title":"Maltreatment and mental health outcomes among ultra-poor children in Burkina Faso: a latent class analysis","volume":"11","author":"Ismayilova","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib25","article-title":"Harsh parenting and violence against children: a trial with ultra-poor families in francophone West Africa","author":"Ismayilova","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Child Adolesc. Psychol. (JCCAP)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib26","series-title":"An Integrated Approach to Increasing Women's Empowerment Status and Reducing Domestic Violence: Results of a Cluster-randomized Controlled Trial in a West African Country","author":"Ismayilova","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00457-5","article-title":"Mental health and wellbeing in the sustainable development Goals","volume":"2","author":"Izutsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib28","unstructured":"Karimli, L, Kagotho, N., De Weerdt, J., & Blacker, A., (under review). Effects of economic strengthening intervention on economic well-being for the household, woman, and child: findings from experimental study in Burkina Faso."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.07.007","article-title":"Integrating economic strengthening and family coaching to reduce work-related health hazards among children of poor households: Burkina Faso","volume":"62","author":"Karimli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60827-1","article-title":"Child and adolescent mental health worldwide: evidence for action","volume":"378","author":"Kieling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.09.023","article-title":"Effects of a large-scale unconditional cash transfer program on mental health outcomes of young people in Kenya","volume":"58","author":"Kilburn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s11121-012-0314-1","article-title":"Improving positive parenting skills and reducing harsh and abusive parenting in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Knerr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.10.877","article-title":"Mediators and moderators of treatment effects in randomized clinical trials","volume":"59","author":"Kraemer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2010.04.027","article-title":"Poverty and common mental disorders in low and middle income countries: a systematic review","volume":"71","author":"Lund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60754-X","article-title":"Poverty and mental disorders: breaking the cycle in low-income and middle-income countries","volume":"378","author":"Lund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib36","series-title":"Crafting a Graduation Pathway for the Ultra Poor: Lessons and Evidence from a BRAC Programme","author":"Matin","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2014.07.018","article-title":"Family economic strengthening and parenting stress among caregivers of AIDS-orphaned children: results from a cluster randomized clinical trial in Uganda","volume":"44","author":"Nabunya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2014.02.004","article-title":"A pilot study of a family focused, psychosocial intervention with war-exposed youth at risk of attack and abduction in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo","volume":"38","author":"O'Callaghan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60368-7","article-title":"Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge","volume":"369","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01824.x","article-title":"Promoting child and adolescent mental health in low and middle income countries","volume":"49","author":"Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"JCPP (J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib41","first-page":"609","article-title":"Poverty and common mental disorders in developing countries","volume":"81","author":"Patel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465805002419","article-title":"The Children's revised impact of event scale (CRIES): validity as a screening instrument for PTSD","volume":"33","author":"Perrin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Behav. Cognit. Psychother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib43","series-title":"Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods","author":"Raudenbush","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib44","series-title":"Society and the Adolescent Self-image","author":"Rosenberg","year":"1965"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61239-2","article-title":"Resources for mental health: scarcity, inequity, and inefficiency","volume":"370","author":"Saxena","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.89.4.623","article-title":"Simultaneous administration of the Rosenberg self-esteem scale in 53 Nations: exploring the universal and culture-specific features of global self-esteem","volume":"89","author":"Schmitt","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib47","series-title":"Assets and the Poor","author":"Sherraden","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.08.008","article-title":"The impact of a comprehensive microfinance intervention on depression levels of AIDS-orphaned children in Uganda","volume":"50","author":"Ssewamala","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2397.2010.00738.x","article-title":"The potential of asset-based development strategies for poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"19","author":"Ssewamala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Welfare"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2017.06.014","article-title":"Effects of a social empowerment intervention on economic vulnerability for adolescent refugee girls in Ethiopia","volume":"62","author":"Stark","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib57","series-title":"Stata: Multilevel Mixed-Effects Reference Manual","author":"StataCorp","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib51","series-title":"The Palgrave Handbook of Sociocultural Perspectives on Global Mental Health","first-page":"403","article-title":"A multidimensional approach to poverty: implications for global mental health","author":"Trani","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2012.03.012","article-title":"The impact of microfinance in sub-saharan Africa: a systematic review of the evidence","volume":"40","author":"van Rooyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9531.2007.00180.x","article-title":"Regression with missing Ys: an improved strategy for analyzing multiply imputed data","volume":"37","author":"Von Hippel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Socio. Meth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib54","series-title":"Strengthening Family Resilience","author":"Walsh","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2002.00130.x","article-title":"A family resilience framework: innovative practice applications","volume":"51","author":"Walsh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fam. Relat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022_bib56","series-title":"World Development Indicators 2017","author":"World Bank","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953618301898?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953618301898?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:20:56Z","timestamp":1759504856000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953618301898"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":57,"alternative-id":["S0277953618301898"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Improving mental health among ultra-poor children: Two-year outcomes of a cluster-randomized trial in Burkina Faso","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.04.022","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}