{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T15:44:48Z","timestamp":1791819888067,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T17:44:16Z","timestamp":1539884656000},"page":"50-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Living arrangements and older People's labor force participation in Hong Kong, 1986\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"229","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7797-5012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuying","family":"Tong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feinian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2307\/353035","article-title":"The likelihood of parent-adult child coresidence: effects of family structure and parental characteristics","author":"Aquilino","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1080\/13676261.2015.1112884","article-title":"Parental co-residence, shared living and emerging adulthood in Europe: semi-dependent housing across welfare regime and housing system contexts","volume":"19","author":"Arundel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Youth Stud."},{"issue":"1, Part 2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1086\/298075","article-title":"Human capital, effort, and the sexual division of labor","volume":"3","author":"Becker","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Labor Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib4","series-title":"Ageing and Labour Supply in Advanced Economies Bulletin","author":"Brown","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib5","author":"Census and Statistics Department"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib6","author":"Census and Statistics Department"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib7","author":"Census and Statistics Department"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9515.00103","article-title":"Welfare policies and the construction of welfare relations in a residual welfare state: the case of Hong Kong","volume":"32","author":"Chan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Soc. Pol. Adm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-2397.00250","article-title":"Protecting the ageing poor or strengthening the market economy: the case of the Hong Kong mandatory provident fund","volume":"12","author":"Chan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Welfare"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/21620555.2015.1062345","article-title":"Childcare needs and household composition: is household extension a way of seeking childcare support?","volume":"47","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. Sociol. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.2006.0010","article-title":"Employment transitions and the household division of labor in China","volume":"84","author":"Chen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Forces"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2010.00710.x","article-title":"Demographic trends in the United States: a review of research in the 2000s","volume":"72","author":"Cherlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Marriage Fam."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1080\/0042098042000256297","article-title":"Testing the global city-social polarisation thesis: Hong Kong since the 1990s","volume":"41","author":"Chiu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X05004228","article-title":"Positive ageing: the views of middle-aged and older adults in Hong Kong","volume":"26","author":"Chong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ageing Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1300\/J031v16n04_05","article-title":"Preventing economic hardship among Chinese elderly in Hong Kong","volume":"16","author":"Choua","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Aging Soc. Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2015.10.008","article-title":"Access to homeownership in urban China: a comparison between skilled migrants and skilled locals in Nanjing","volume":"50","author":"Cui","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cities"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/10168730500080998","article-title":"Does employment protection reduce the demand for unskilled labour?","volume":"19","author":"Daniel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. Econ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib18","author":"Department of Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-017-0619-6","article-title":"Working life expectancy at age 50 in the United States and the impact of the Great Recession","volume":"54","author":"Dudel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Demography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib20","series-title":"Peasant Economics: Farm Households in Agrarian Development","author":"Ellis","year":"1993"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/55.1.S14","article-title":"Pathways to retirement: patterns of labor force participation and labor market exit among the pre-retirement population by race, Hispanic origin, and sex","volume":"55","author":"Flippen","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/sot066","article-title":"Assessing the significance of cohort and period effects in hierarchical age-period-cohort models: applications to verbal test scores and voter turnout in US presidential elections","volume":"92","author":"Frenk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Forces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib23","author":"Gierveld"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib24","series-title":"World Revolution and Family Patterns","author":"Goode","year":"1963"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib25","series-title":"Cosmopolitan Capitalists","first-page":"14","article-title":"Hong Kong and the rise of capitalism in Asia","author":"Glencoe Hamilton","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib26","series-title":"Social Welfare into the 1990's Hong Kong Government Printer","author":"Hong Kong Government","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib27","author":"Hong Kong Government"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib28","series-title":"Marriage in Asia","author":"Jones","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1007\/s13524-013-0196-2","article-title":"Growing parental economic power in parent-adult child households: coresidence and financial dependency in the United States, 1960-2010","volume":"50","author":"Kahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/00472330680000131","article-title":"Citizenship, economy and social exclusion of mainland Chinese immigrants in Hong Kong","volume":"36","author":"Law","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Asia"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00972031","article-title":"Living arrangements of the elderly in Taiwan: qualitative evidence","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Cross Cult. Gerontol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/0733464804268591","article-title":"Retirement planning and retirement satisfaction: the need for a national retirement program and policy in Hong Kong","volume":"23","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Gerontol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.06.014","article-title":"Widowhood and depressive symptoms among older Chinese: do gender and source of support make a difference?","volume":"60","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib34","series-title":"Hong Kong as a Global Metropolis","author":"Meyer","year":"2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/00004356-199209000-00002","article-title":"Informal caring networks among Chinese elderly with disabilities in Hong Kong","volume":"15","author":"Ngan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Rehabil. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-soc-073014-112428","article-title":"Marriage and family in East Asia: continuity and change","volume":"41","author":"Raymo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Sociol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbx081","article-title":"Living arrangements, disability and gender of older adults among rural South Africa","volume":"73","author":"Schatz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib38","series-title":"The Demand for Older Workers: the Neglected Side of a Labor Market","author":"Straka","year":"1992"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s12126-012-9161-4","article-title":"Chinese older adults taking care of grandchildren: practices and policies for productive aging","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ageing Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.05.019","article-title":"How do living arrangements and intergenerational support matter for psychological health of elderly parents? Evidence from Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand","volume":"136","author":"Teerawichitchainan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.2307\/2060911","article-title":"Social and economic change, intergenerational relationships, and family formation in Taiwan","volume":"21","author":"Thornton","year":"1984","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2307\/2061067","article-title":"Household structure and labor force participation of black, Hispanic, and white mothers","volume":"22","author":"Tienda","year":"1985","journal-title":"Demography"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027500223002","article-title":"Living arrangements, income pooling, and the life course in urban Chinese families","volume":"22","author":"Treas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Res. Aging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/47.2.S45","article-title":"Living arrangements of elderly Japanese and attitudes toward inheritance","volume":"47","author":"Tsuya","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib45","series-title":"Hong Kong, Capitalist Paradise","author":"Woronoff","year":"1980"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/000312240807300202","article-title":"Social inequalities in happiness in the United States, 1972 to 2004: an age-period-cohort analysis","volume":"73","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. Sociol. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/011719681102000101","article-title":"Social change, cohort quality and economic adaptation of Chinese immigrants in Hong Kong, 1991-2006","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asian Pac. Migrat. J."}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795361830577X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795361830577X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,29]],"date-time":"2019-04-29T06:38:25Z","timestamp":1556519905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027795361830577X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S027795361830577X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Living arrangements and older People's labor force participation in Hong Kong, 1986\u20132016","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}