{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T14:58:06Z","timestamp":1785337086020,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,29]],"date-time":"2018-11-29T13:43:05Z","timestamp":1543498985000},"page":"95-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Adding interactions to models of intersectional health inequalities: Comparing multilevel and conventional methods"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"221","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9862-9506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clare R.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib1","first-page":"334","article-title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Sweden: an intersectional multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy","volume":"4","author":"Axelsson Fisk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.03.022","article-title":"Incorporating intersectionality theory into population health research methodology: challenges and the potential to advance health equity","volume":"110","author":"Bauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2006.04.001","article-title":"Missing data on the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale: a comparison of 4 imputation techniques","volume":"3","author":"Bono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Res. Soc. Adm. Pharm."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300750","article-title":"The problem with the phrase women and minorities: intersectionality\u2014 an important theoretical framework for public health","volume":"102","author":"Bowleg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib5","series-title":"MCMC Estimation in MLwiN v3.00","author":"Browne","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9558.2010.01370.x","article-title":"Practicing intersectionality in sociological research: a critical analysis of inclusions, interactions, and institutions in the study of inequalities","volume":"28","author":"Choo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Socio. Theor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib7","series-title":"Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment","author":"Collins","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib8","series-title":"Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: a Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics","author":"Crenshaw","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2014.12.001","article-title":"Using cross-classified multilevel models to disentangle school and neighborhood effects: an example focusing on smoking behaviors among adolescents in the United States","volume":"31","author":"Dunn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib10","series-title":"Innovative Approaches to Investigating Social Determinants of Health - Social Networks, Environmental Effects and Intersectionality","author":"Evans","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.10.019","article-title":"\u201cIntersectionality and depression in adolescence and early adulthood: a MAIHDA analysis of the national longitudinal study of adolescent to Adult health, 1995\u20132008","volume":"220","author":"Evans","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2016.06.002","article-title":"Multiple contexts and adolescent body mass index: schools, neighborhoods, and social networks","volume":"162","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.11.011","article-title":"A multilevel approach to modeling health inequalities at the intersection of multiple social identities","volume":"203","author":"Evans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328031US0104_02","article-title":"Partitioning variation in multilevel models","volume":"1","author":"Goldstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Understand. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.029","article-title":"Can intersectionality theory enrich population health research?","volume":"178","author":"Green","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib51","first-page":"259","article-title":"Empirical intersectionality: a tale of two approaches","volume":"3","author":"Hancock","year":"2013","journal-title":"UC Irvine Law Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Uncovering interactions in multivariate contingency tables: a multi-level modelling exploratory approach","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9558.2008.00323.x","article-title":"Beyond the interaction: a new culinary metaphor for race-class-gender studies","volume":"26","author":"Ken","year":"2008","journal-title":"Socio. Theor."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90202-X","article-title":"Epidemiology and the web of causation: has anyone seen the spider?","volume":"39","author":"Krieger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib19","series-title":"Epidemiology and the People's Health - Theory and Context","author":"Krieger","year":"2011"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"Runmlwin - a program to run the MLwiN multilevel modelling software from within Stata","volume":"52","author":"Leckie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Stat. Software"},{"issue":"Extra Issue","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.2307\/2626958","article-title":"Social conditions as fundamental causes of disease","volume":"35","author":"Link","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1086\/426800","article-title":"The complexity of intersectionality","volume":"30","author":"McCall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Signs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.8.550","article-title":"Multilevel analytical approaches in social epidemiology: measures of health variation compared with traditional measures of association","volume":"57","author":"Merlo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Epidemiol. Community Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu108","article-title":"Invited commentary: multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity\u2014a fundamental critique of the current probabilistic risk factor epidemiology","volume":"180","author":"Merlo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.12.026","article-title":"Multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) within an intersectional framework","volume":"203","author":"Merlo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib26","first-page":"148","article-title":"The tyranny of the averages and indiscriminate use of risk factors in public health: a call for revolution","volume":"28","author":"Merlo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr4104_3","article-title":"The impact of inappropriate modeling of cross-classified data structures","volume":"41","author":"Meyers","year":"2006","journal-title":"Multivariate Behav. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1057\/fr.2008.4","article-title":"Re-thinking intersectionality","volume":"89","author":"Nash","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib29","series-title":"Which Girls, Which Boys? the Intersectional Risk for Depression by Race and Ethnicity, and Gender in the U.S.","author":"Patil","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/014662167700100306","article-title":"The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population","volume":"1","author":"Radloff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib31","series-title":"A User's Guide to MLwiN v3.00","author":"Rasbash","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib32","series-title":"The Strategy of Preventive Medicine","author":"Rose","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib33","series-title":"Gender, Race, Class, and Health: Intersectional Approaches","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.014","article-title":"Race, gender, class, sexuality (RGCS) and hypertension","volume":"89","author":"Veenstra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib35","series-title":"Politics, Gender and Concepts: Theory and Methodology","first-page":"193","article-title":"Intersectionality","author":"Weldon","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.040","article-title":"An intersectional approach to multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity (MAIH) and discriminatory accuracy","volume":"178","author":"Wemrell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953618306701?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953618306701?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T12:17:59Z","timestamp":1546431479000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953618306701"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0277953618306701"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Adding interactions to models of intersectional health inequalities: Comparing multilevel and conventional methods","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.11.036","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}