{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T11:04:58Z","timestamp":1793012698878,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004374","name":"Chongqing Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004374","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T11:34:32Z","timestamp":1596022472000},"page":"113261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":364,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in response to COVID-19: A study of the general population in China at the peak of its epidemic"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"262","author":[{"given":"Liuyi","family":"Ran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiting","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.01.010","article-title":"The effects of family dysfunction trajectories during childhood and early adolescence on sleep quality during late adolescence: resilience as a mediator","volume":"222","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002272","article-title":"Psychological distress and negative appraisals in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)","volume":"34","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30073-0","article-title":"Psychological interventions for people affected by the COVID-19 epidemic","volume":"7","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.3928\/0090-4481-19910901-05","article-title":"Resilience in children's adaptation to negative life events and stressed environments","volume":"20","author":"Garmezy","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr. Ann."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.102","article-title":"Personality traits and depressive symptoms: the moderating and mediating effects of resilience in Chinese adolescents","volume":"265","author":"Gong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.03.048","article-title":"Relationship between resilience, stress and burnout among civil servants in Beijing, China: mediating and moderating effect analysis","volume":"83","author":"Hao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pers. Indiv. Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib7","first-page":"200","article-title":"Reliability and validity of a generalized anxiety disorder scale in general hospital outpatients","volume":"22","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"Shanghai Arch. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.03.057","article-title":"Stress resilience in adolescence and subsequent antidepressant and anxiolytic medication in middle aged men: Swedish cohort study","volume":"134","author":"Hiyoshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317723450","article-title":"Relational resilience as a potential mediator between adverse childhood experiences and prenatal depression","volume":"25","author":"Howell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2011.01.006","article-title":"Classification characteristics of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 for screening somatoform disorders in a primary care setting","volume":"71","author":"K\u00f6rber","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200203000-00008","article-title":"The PHQ-15: validity of a new measure for evaluating the severity of somatic symptoms","volume":"64","author":"Kroenke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","article-title":"The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure","volume":"16","author":"Kroenke","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12159","article-title":"Trauma, depression, and resilience of earthquake\/tsunami\/nuclear disaster survivors of Hirono, Fukushima, Japan","volume":"68","author":"Kukihara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr. Clin. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2017.61","article-title":"Community resilience, psychological resilience, and depressive symptoms: an examination of the Mississippi gulf coast 10 years after hurricane Katrina and 5 years after the deepwater horizon oil spill","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Disaster Med. Public Health Prep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2011.01.016","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Chinese 15-item patient health questionnaire in the general population of Hong Kong","volume":"71","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib16","first-page":"286","article-title":"Qualitative research of resilience and posttraumatic growth among adolescents in Wenchuan Earthquake region","volume":"31","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Ment. Health J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.02.007","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a resilience-based intervention on psychosocial well-being of children affected by HIV\/AIDS: effects at 6- and 12-month follow-up","volume":"190","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30077-8","article-title":"Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.11.032","article-title":"Mental health and general wellness in the aftermath of Hurricane Ike","volume":"124","author":"Lowe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2018.08.07.2","article-title":"Mediating effect of internet addiction on the association between resilience and depression among Korean University students: a structural equation modeling approach","volume":"15","author":"Mak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E191","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.110829","article-title":"Optimal cut-off score for diagnosing depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): a meta-analysis","volume":"184","author":"Manea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. Med. Assoc. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403782","article-title":"Applying the lessons of SARS to pandemic influenza: an evidence-based approach to mitigating the stress experienced by healthcare workers","volume":"99","author":"Maunder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Can. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291717003415","article-title":"Genetic risk of major depressive disorder: the moderating and mediating effects of neuroticism and psychological resilience on clinical and self-reported depression","volume":"48","author":"Navrady","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.03.043","article-title":"Looking for resilience: understanding the longitudinal trajectories of responses to stress","volume":"68","author":"Norris","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-1971(02)00118-5","article-title":"Adolescent resilience: a concept analysis","volume":"26","author":"Olsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Adolesc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1001\/dmp.2011.85","article-title":"Deepwater horizon oil spill: mental health effects on residents in heavily affected areas","volume":"5","author":"Osofsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disaster Med. Public Health Prep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.12.012","article-title":"Childhood adversity and adult depression: the protective role of psychological resilience","volume":"64","author":"Poole","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764019862312","article-title":"Resilience and anxiety or depression among resettled Bhutanese adults in the United States","volume":"65","author":"Poudel-Tandukar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.10020","article-title":"The metatheory of resilience and resiliency","volume":"58","author":"Richardson","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.6.598","article-title":"Resilience in the face of adversity: protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder","volume":"147","author":"Rutter","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-6427.00108","article-title":"Resilience concepts and findings: implications for family therapy","volume":"21","author":"Rutter","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Fam. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.06.008","article-title":"The impact of childhood trauma on depression: does resilience matter? Population-based results from the Study of Health in Pomerania","volume":"77","author":"Schulz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Psychosom. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22700","article-title":"The impact of resilience and subsequent stressful life events on MDD and GAD","volume":"35","author":"Sheerin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2757","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the neuropsychiatric inventory in mainland China","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2014.05.021","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gen. Hosp. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30046-8","article-title":"Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed","volume":"7","author":"Xiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib38","first-page":"152154","article-title":"A community-based cross-sectional study of sleep quality among internal migrant workers in the service industry. Compr","volume":"97","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.11.002","article-title":"The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for measuring depressive symptoms among the general population in Hong Kong","volume":"53","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2224\/sbp.2007.35.1.19","article-title":"Factor analysis and psychometric evaluation of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) with Chinese people","volume":"35","author":"Yu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soc. Behav. Pers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0798-5","article-title":"Validation of the Chinese version of the PHQ-15 in a tertiary hospital","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261_bib42","first-page":"514","article-title":"Moderating and mediating effects of resilience between negative life events and depression symptoms among adolescents following the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China","volume":"20","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin. J. Clin. Psychol."}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953620304809?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953620304809?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:29:58Z","timestamp":1759505398000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953620304809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0277953620304809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in response to COVID-19: A study of the general population in China at the peak of its epidemic","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113261","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113261"}}