{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T21:49:51Z","timestamp":1773956991249,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T21:20:47Z","timestamp":1599686447000},"page":"113350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Innovation, professional identity, and generational divides in medicine: The case of gynecologic laparoscopy in the USA"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"266","author":[{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"James R.","family":"Zetka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib1","series-title":"The System of Professions: an Essay on the Division of Expert Labor","author":"Abbott","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1525\/si.2001.24.1.75","article-title":"\u201cNarrating nursing jurisdiction: \u201catrocity stories\u201d and \u201cboundary-work","volume":"24","author":"Allen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Symbolic Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243904270719","article-title":"Demarcating epidemiology","volume":"30","author":"Amsterdamska","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Hum. Val."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1177\/030631292022004005","article-title":"The reasoning of the strongest: the polemics of skill and science in medical diagnosis","volume":"22","author":"Anderson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Soc. Stud. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(71)90867-2","article-title":"Quality and quantity in the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"109","author":"Barnes","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib6","first-page":"626","article-title":"Jordan M. Phillips, MD\u2014postdoctoral educator at large","volume":"37","author":"Batt","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00230","article-title":"Guidelines, professionals and the production of objectivity: standardisation and the professionalism of insurance medicine","volume":"22","author":"Berg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1353\/con.2000.0001","article-title":"Orders and their others: on the constitution of universalities in medical work","volume":"8","author":"Berg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Configurations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib9","series-title":"Forgive and Remember: Managing Medical Failure","author":"Bosk","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib10","first-page":"237","article-title":"Laparoscopy and the AAGL: a decade of achievement, the 1981 presidential address","volume":"27","author":"Brooks","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)33649-8","article-title":"Whither gynecology?","volume":"100","author":"Brunschwig","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib12","series-title":"Eliot Freidson and Judith Lorber","first-page":"113","article-title":"Pathology: a study of social movements within a profession","author":"Bucher","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/0730888488015002001","article-title":"On the natural history of health care occupations","volume":"15","author":"Bucher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Work Occup."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1086\/222898","article-title":"Professions in process","volume":"66","author":"Bucher","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312707082021","article-title":"Doing distinctions: boundary work and symbolic capital in radiology","volume":"38","author":"Burri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Stud. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1086\/227763","article-title":"The radicalism of tradition: community strength or venerable disguise and borrowed language?","volume":"88","author":"Calhoun","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1952.02930120017004","article-title":"Evaluation of gynecologic surgery in therapy of infertility","volume":"148","author":"Carter","year":"1952","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312709104435","article-title":"\u201cWhat's behind a guideline? Authority, competition and collaboration in the French oncology sector","volume":"39","author":"Castel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soc. Stud. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1971.03190220032007","article-title":"The surgical Council and basic surgical examination","volume":"218","author":"Chase","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0141-9889.2004.00424.x","article-title":"National service frameworks and UK general practitioners: street-level bureaucrats at work?","volume":"26","author":"Checkland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib21","series-title":"Situational Analysis: Grounded Theory after the Postmodern Turn","author":"Clarke","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-197206000-00018","article-title":"Special problems in gynecology","volume":"15","author":"Copenhaver","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib23","first-page":"266","article-title":"Laparoscopy bashing","volume":"37","author":"Corson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Fertil."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib24","first-page":"501","article-title":"Complications of laparoscopic tubal sterilization","volume":"55","author":"Cunanan","year":"1980","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib25","first-page":"197","article-title":"Gynecologic surgery in five nonteaching hospitals: control of unnecessary operative procedures","volume":"1","author":"Diddle","year":"1953","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(79)90873-1","article-title":"Our successors: presidential address","volume":"134","author":"Dignam","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90253-2","article-title":"The doctrine of consciousness in obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"140","author":"Douglas","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(63)90303-X","article-title":"\u201cOur association in a changing world: president's address","volume":"85","author":"Douglass","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(54)90457-3","article-title":"Introduction to the festschrift for","volume":"68","year":"1954","journal-title":"Dr. George W. Kosmak.\u201d American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-195410000-00001","article-title":"Late results of pelvic surgery","volume":"47","author":"Ellison","year":"1955","journal-title":"South. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-196803000-00001","article-title":"Laparoscopy: a valuable aid in gynecologic diagnosis","volume":"31","author":"Fear","year":"1968","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00330","article-title":"Medicine as discursive resource: legitimation in the work narratives of midwives","volume":"25","author":"Foley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib33","series-title":"Professionalism Reborn: Theory, Prophecy, and Policy","author":"Freidson","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib34","series-title":"Professionalism: the Third Logic","author":"Freidson","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.2307\/2095325","article-title":"Boundary-work and the demarcation of science from non-science: strains and interests in professional ideologies of scientists","volume":"48","author":"Gieryn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am. Socio. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib36","first-page":"149","article-title":"What every gynecologist must know about abdominal surgery","volume":"3","author":"Gilbert","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Abdom. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2005.00475.x","article-title":"Telephone triage, expert systems and clinical expertise","volume":"27","author":"Greatbach","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2010.01324.x","article-title":"Modernisation as a professionalising strategy: the case of critical care in england","volume":"33","author":"Green","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib39","first-page":"222","article-title":"The history of laparoscopy","volume":"12","author":"Gunning","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib40","first-page":"243","article-title":"Continuing education in gynecology-obstetrics","volume":"18","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"1961","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(68)90475-4","article-title":"Challenge and response: presidential address","volume":"101","author":"Hodgkinson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib42","unstructured":"Index Medicus. Various Years."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib43","first-page":"230","article-title":"The impact of laparoscopy on gynecology","volume":"10","author":"Israel","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib44","series-title":"Magnetic Appeal: MRI and the Myth of Transparency","author":"Joyce","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib45","first-page":"236","article-title":"Presidential address: the importance of clinical investigation in laparoscopy","volume":"24","author":"Keith","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib46","series-title":"Challenging Operations: Medical Reform and Resistance in Surgery","author":"Kellogg","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib47","first-page":"13","article-title":"One thousand laparoscopies at a community hospital","volume":"13","author":"Kleppinger","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib48","first-page":"353","article-title":"Laparoscopy at a community hospital: an analysis of 4,300 cases","volume":"19","author":"Kleppinger","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib49","series-title":"Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society","author":"Latour","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib50","series-title":"Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis","author":"Lofland","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196810000-00002","article-title":"A basic surgical residency","volume":"268","author":"Longmire","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(71)90462-5","article-title":"Their shadows are cast: coming events in the education of the obstetrician-gynecologist","volume":"111","author":"Lund","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib53","first-page":"455","article-title":"\u201cMessage from the president: the academy\u2014its present and its future","volume":"6","author":"Mengert","year":"1955","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(57)90049-2","article-title":"\u201cGynecology\u2014whither bound? Presidential address","volume":"74","author":"Miller","year":"1957","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1177\/030631279402400402","article-title":"Regions, networks and fluids: anaemia and social topology","volume":"24","author":"Mol","year":"1994","journal-title":"Soc. Stud. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(70)90564-8","article-title":"The length, breadth, and substance of residency education in obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"106","author":"Moore","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2005.00463.x","article-title":"Dynamic professional boundaries in the healthcare workforce","volume":"27","author":"Nancarrow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.00239","article-title":"\u201cHow \u2018we\u2019 are different from \u2018them\u2019: occupational boundary maintenance in the treatment of musculo-skeletal problems","volume":"23","author":"Norris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib59","first-page":"57","article-title":"Reversibility as a consideration in laparoscopic sterilization","volume":"21","author":"Palmer","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(56)90564-6","article-title":"The role of major surgery in infertility","volume":"71","author":"Peel","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(81)90745-6","article-title":"The impact of laparoscopy on tubal sterilization in United States hospitals, 1970 and 1975 to 1978","volume":"140","author":"Peterson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0430103","article-title":"Gynecologic endoscopy","volume":"16","author":"Phillips","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib63","first-page":"187","article-title":"The impact of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, fetoscopy, and culdoscopy on gynecological practice","volume":"16","author":"Phillips","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib64","first-page":"215","article-title":"Gynecological laparoscopy 1973: the state of the art","volume":"12","author":"Phillips","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib65","first-page":"105","article-title":"Gynecologic laparoscopy in 1975","volume":"16","author":"Phillips","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1177\/030631284014003004","article-title":"The social construction of facts and artefacts: or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other","volume":"14","author":"Pinch","year":"1984","journal-title":"Soc. Stud. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib67","first-page":"16","article-title":"Subspecialties in obstetrics-gynecology; overview","volume":"10","author":"Randall","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1951.03670230001001","article-title":"Responsibility of the surgeon to modern society","volume":"147","author":"Ravdin","year":"1951","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243906293886","article-title":"The art and science of surgery: innovation and concepts of medical practice in operative fracture care, 1960s-1970s","volume":"32","author":"Schlich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Hum. Val."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib70","first-page":"1","article-title":"Basic surgical education","volume":"50","author":"Scott","year":"1961","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(71)90766-6","article-title":"Trends in laparoscopy","volume":"109","author":"Siegler","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib72","first-page":"572","article-title":"Laparoscopy in gynecology","volume":"34","author":"Siegler","year":"1969","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/030631293023002001","article-title":"Actor-networks and ambivalence: general practitioners in the UK cervical screening programme","volume":"23","author":"Singleton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Soc. Stud. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90657-1","article-title":"To the editor: subspecialties in obstetrics and gynecology","volume":"117","author":"Speck","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib75","series-title":"Social Organization and Social Process","first-page":"265","article-title":"The sociology of the invisible: the primacy of work in the writings of anselm Strauss","author":"Star","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib76","first-page":"210","article-title":"Gynecological laparoscopy","volume":"10","author":"Steptoe","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90488-2","article-title":"\u201cIII. Recruitment\u2014a realistic approach","volume":"117","author":"Stone","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1177\/0306312711408380","article-title":"\u201cImperfect tools for a difficult job: colposcopy, \u201ccolpocytology\u2019 and screening for cervical cancer in Brazil","volume":"41","author":"Teixeira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Stud. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib79","series-title":"What Machines Can't Do: Politics and Technology in the Industrial Enterprise","author":"Thomas","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1525\/si.1998.21.4.425","article-title":"Mutual tuning of multiple trajectories","volume":"21","author":"Timmermans","year":"1998","journal-title":"Symbolic Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/016224399902400202","article-title":"Closed-chest cardiac massage: the emergence of a discovery trajectory","volume":"24","author":"Timmermans","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Hum. Val."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1177\/0730888407313032","article-title":"Professions and their work: do market shelters protect professional interests?","volume":"35","author":"Timmermans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Work Occup."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/030631297027002003","article-title":"Standardization in action: achieving local universality through medical protocols","volume":"27","author":"Timmermans","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc. Stud. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib84","series-title":"The Gold Standard: the Challenge of Evidence-Based Medicine and Standardization in Health Care","author":"Timmermans","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib85","first-page":"177","article-title":"Evidence-based medicine and the reconfiguration of medical knowledge","volume":"45","author":"Timmermans","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1177\/030631200030001002","article-title":"The redemption of thalidomide: standardizing the risk of birth defects","volume":"30","author":"Timmermans","year":"2000","journal-title":"Soc. Stud. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90740-0","article-title":"The attractiveness of obstetrics and gynecology as a professional career","volume":"117","author":"Tyson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib88","series-title":"Divide and Conquer: A Comparative History of Medical Specialization","author":"Weisz","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib89","first-page":"432","article-title":"Recruitment into obstetrics-gynecology","volume":"40","author":"Willson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib90","first-page":"739","article-title":"Discussion","volume":"117","author":"Willson","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(51)90516-9","article-title":"The unification of obstetrics and gynecology as a specialty: presidential address","volume":"62","author":"Wilson","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib92","series-title":"Militancy, Market Dynamics, and Workplace Authority: the Struggle over Labor Process Outcomes in the U.S. Automobile Industry, 1946 to 1973","author":"Zetka","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib93","series-title":"Surgeons and the Scope","author":"Zetka","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650804900307","article-title":"\u201cThe making of the \u2018women's physician\u2019 in American obstetrics and gynecology: Re-forging an occupational identity and a division of labor","volume":"49","author":"Zetka","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Health Soc. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1525\/sp.2008.55.1.95","article-title":"Radical logics and their carriers in medicine: the case of psychopathology and American obstetricians and gynecologists","volume":"55","author":"Zetka","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Probl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2011.01341.x","article-title":"Establishing specialty jurisdictions in medicine: the case of American obstetrics and gynaecology","volume":"33","author":"Zetka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sociol. Health Illness"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953620305694?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953620305694?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:32:42Z","timestamp":1759505562000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953620305694"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["S0277953620305694"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Innovation, professional identity, and generational divides in medicine: The case of gynecologic laparoscopy in the USA","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113350","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113350"}}