{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T08:13:58Z","timestamp":1781511238645,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,20]],"date-time":"2020-09-20T10:25:51Z","timestamp":1600597551000},"page":"113379","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Time-space constraints to HIV treatment engagement among women who use heroin in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A time geography perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"268","author":[{"given":"Haneefa T.","family":"Saleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Likindikoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9220-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Silberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Mbwambo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Latkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib22","series-title":"Tracking Africa\u2019s Progress in Figures","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302905","article-title":"Housing status, medical care, and health outcomes among people living with HIV\/AIDS: a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Aidala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25117","article-title":"Spinning plates: livelihood mobility, household responsibility and anti-retroviral treatment in an urban Zambian community during the HPTN 071 (PopART) study","volume":"21","author":"Bond","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. AIDS Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2012.08.005","article-title":"An urgent need to scale-up injecting drug harm reduction services in Tanzania: prevalence of blood-borne viruses among drug users in Temeke District, Dar-es-Salaam, 2011","volume":"24","author":"Bowring","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1586\/ecp.13.18","article-title":"A review of pharmacological interactions between HIV or hepatitis C virus medications and opioid agonist therapy: implications and management for clinical practice","volume":"6","author":"Bruce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expet Rev. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2019.05.002","article-title":"Gendered dimensions of population mobility associated with HIV across three epidemics in rural Eastern Africa","volume":"57","author":"Camlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00457-2","article-title":"Mobility and its effects on HIV acquisition and treatment engagement: recent theoretical and empirical advances","volume":"16","author":"Camlin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. HIV AIDS Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000600","article-title":"Broadly neutralizing antibodies for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection","volume":"15","author":"Caskey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.01.003","article-title":"GPS tracking in neighborhood and health studies: a step forward for environmental exposure assessment, a step backward for causal inference?","volume":"21","author":"Chaix","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib9","series-title":"Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis","author":"Charmaz","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2014.0200","article-title":"Exploring the social meaning of curing HIV: a qualitative study of people who inject drugs in Guangzhou, China","volume":"31","author":"Chu","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1086\/322519","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic interactions of nevirapine and methadone and guidelines for use of nevirapine to treat injection drug users","volume":"33","author":"Clarke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib12","series-title":"Mapping of People Who Use Drugs and People Who Inject Drugs in Selected Regions of Tanzania","author":"Commission","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jana.2017.09.003","article-title":"Motivation as a mechanism for daily experiences' effects on HIV medication adherence","volume":"29","author":"Cook","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Nurses AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1258451","article-title":"Impact of food, housing, and transportation insecurity on ART adherence: a hierarchical resources approach","volume":"29","author":"Cornelius","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000606","article-title":"Long-acting injectable therapy: an emerging paradigm for the treatment of HIV infection","volume":"15","author":"D'Amico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.06.017","article-title":"The effect of mobility on HIV-related healthcare access and use for female sex workers: a systematic review","volume":"211","author":"Davey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2018.08.014","article-title":"Individual, social, and structural factors affecting antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-positive people who inject drugs in Kazakhstan","volume":"62","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0928-3","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral medications among persons who inject drugs in transitional, low and middle income countries: an international systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Feelemyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(92)90360-3","article-title":"Therapeutic landscapes: medical issues in light of the new cultural geography","volume":"34","author":"Gesler","year":"1992","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib20","series-title":"Dar Es Salaam","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2307-y","article-title":"Client and provider perspectives on antiretroviral treatment uptake and adherence among people who inject drugs in Indonesia, Ukraine and vietnam: HPTN 074","volume":"23","author":"Go","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01936872","article-title":"What about people in regional science?","volume":"24","author":"H\u00e4gerstrand","year":"1970","journal-title":"Pap. Reg. Sci. Assoc. Reg. Sci. Assoc. Meet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit003","article-title":"Trends and disparities in antiretroviral therapy initiation and virologic suppression among newly treatment-eligible HIV-infected individuals in North America, 2001-2009","volume":"56","author":"Hanna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2295-y","article-title":"HIV treatment cascade by housing status at enrollment: results from a retention in care cohort","volume":"23","author":"Hawk","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13798","article-title":"Engagement in HIV care and its correlates among people who inject drugs in St Petersburg, Russian Federation and Kohtla-Jarve, Estonia","volume":"112","author":"Heimer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2015.1032205","article-title":"Factors linked to transitions in adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected illicit drug users in a Canadian setting","volume":"27","author":"Joseph","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601610010127","article-title":"HIV infection care and viral suppression among people who inject drugs, 28 U.S. Jurisdictions, 2012-2013","volume":"10","author":"Karch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open AIDS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002123","article-title":"Project shikamana: community empowerment-based combination HIV prevention significantly impacts HIV incidence and care continuum outcomes among female sex workers in Iringa, Tanzania","volume":"82","author":"Kerrigan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1259451","article-title":"It is easier for me to shoot up\": stigma, abandonment, and why HIV-positive drug users in Russia fail to link to HIV care","volume":"29","author":"Kiriazova","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12059","article-title":"Association of injecting drug use and late enrolment in HIV medical care in Odessa Region, Ukraine","volume":"14","author":"Kiriazova","year":"2013","journal-title":"HIV Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib32","series-title":"addicted.pregnant.poor","author":"Knight","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2989\/16085906.2016.1255652","article-title":"HIV care and treatment experiences among female sex workers living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review","volume":"15","author":"Lancaster","year":"2016","journal-title":"Afr. J. AIDS Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1208","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30373-X","article-title":"Global, regional, and country-level coverage of interventions to prevent and manage HIV and hepatitis C among people who inject drugs: a systematic review","volume":"5","author":"Larney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-007-9246-3","article-title":"The effects of housing status on health-related outcomes in people living with HIV: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Leaver","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw416","article-title":"Impact of opioid substitution therapy on antiretroviral therapy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"63","author":"Low","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib37","series-title":"Global Health in Africa: Historical Perspectives on Disease Control","first-page":"211","article-title":"Heroin use, trafficking, and intervention approache in Sub-saharan Africa: local and global contexts","author":"McCurdy","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120500120930","article-title":"Heroin and HIV risk in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: youth hangouts, mageto and injecting practices","volume":"17","author":"McCurdy","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.03.022","article-title":"Association of opioid agonist therapy with the initiation of antiretroviral therapy - a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Mlunde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib40","series-title":"Consensus Estimates on Key Population Size and HIV Prevalence in Tanzania","author":"NACP","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2010.484153","article-title":"The prism of everyday life: towards a new research agenda for time geography","volume":"31","author":"Neutens","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transport Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-011-9562-9","article-title":"Homelessness and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among a cohort of HIV-infected injection drug users","volume":"88","author":"Palepu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.2307\/142726","article-title":"The choreography of existence: comments on hagerstrand's time-geography and its usefulness","volume":"53","author":"Pred","year":"1977","journal-title":"Econ. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S539","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304736","article-title":"The influence of housing status on the HIV continuum of care: results from a multisite study of patient navigation models to build a medical home for people living with HIV experiencing homelessness","volume":"108","author":"Rajabiun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2019.102204","article-title":"Putting the \u201cwhere\u201d in HIV care: unpacking narratives of antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-Positive men who have sex with men","volume":"59","author":"Robles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.12.009","article-title":"Can't you initiate me here?\": challenges to timely initiation on antiretroviral therapy among methadone clients in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"30","author":"Saleem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Drug Pol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25120","article-title":"Understanding reasons for discontinued antiretroviral treatment among clients in test and treat: a qualitative study in Swaziland","volume":"21","author":"Shabalala","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Int. AIDS Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1164-1","article-title":"The association of HIV-related stigma to HIV medication adherence: a systematic review and synthesis of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Sweeney","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00363-4","article-title":"Navigating the time-space context of HIV and AIDS: daily routines and access to care","volume":"53","author":"Takahashi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2014.0028","article-title":"Patterns of geographic mobility predict barriers to engagement in HIV care and antiretroviral treatment adherence","volume":"28","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib51","series-title":"Creating Health Cities in Tanzania: Using the Social Determinants of Health Framework to Understand How Urbanisation Impacts on Human Development in Tanzanian Cities","author":"Thomas","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60832-X","article-title":"Treatment and care for injecting drug users with HIV infection: a review of barriers and ways forward","volume":"376","author":"Wolfe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953620305980?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953620305980?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:32:09Z","timestamp":1759505529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953620305980"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0277953620305980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Time-space constraints to HIV treatment engagement among women who use heroin in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A time geography perspective","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113379","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113379"}}