{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T16:48:46Z","timestamp":1772729326882,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00HD094648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00HD094648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH100021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH100021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R21AI139480"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R21AI139480"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T12:57:14Z","timestamp":1612961834000},"page":"113764","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The Co-evolution of online social networks and syphilis incidence among young black men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"272","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0070-0651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay E.","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayo","family":"Fujimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl. ment_1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1086\/425280","article-title":"Social context, sexual networks, and racial disparities in rates of sexually transmitted infections","volume":"191","author":"Adimora","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib2","series-title":"Sex on Demand: Geosocial Networking Phone Apps and Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among a Cross-Sectional Sample of Men Who Have Sex with Men in Los Angeles County","author":"Beymer","year":"2014"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200410210-00012","article-title":"Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infections","volume":"18","author":"Buchacz","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib4","first-page":"966","article-title":"Transmission of primary and secondary syphilis by oral sex--Chicago, Illinois","volume":"53","year":"2004","journal-title":"1998-2002. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib6","series-title":"Syphilis - CDC Fact Sheet","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib7","series-title":"Drug-Resistant Neissaria Gonorrhoeae","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib8","series-title":"Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2018","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2011.06.023","article-title":"How physical activity shapes, and is shaped by, adolescent friendships","volume":"73","author":"De La Haye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/1369681032000132564","article-title":"Gentlemen don't speak: communication norms and condom use in bathhouses","volume":"31","author":"Elwood","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Commun. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib11","series-title":"Social Networks as Drivers of Syphilis and HIV Infection Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib12","first-page":"1128","article-title":"Venue-mediated weak ties in multiplex HIV transmission risk networks among drug-using male sex workers and associates","volume":"105","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31829186e5","article-title":"Venue-based affiliation networks and HIV risk-taking behavior among male sex workers","volume":"40","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6743","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000261107","article-title":"Assessing respondent-driven sampling","volume":"107","author":"Goel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/rssa.12054","article-title":"Diffusion of innovations in dynamic networks","volume":"178","author":"Greenan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Roy. Stat. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001508","article-title":"Rates of primary and secondary syphilis among white and black non-hispanic men who have sex with men, United States, 2014","volume":"76","author":"Grey","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988314527311","article-title":"Use of the internet and mobile-based \u201capps\u201d for sex-seeking among men who have sex with men in New York City","volume":"8","author":"Grosskopf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Men's Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-011-9854-x","article-title":"Exploring the venue's role in risky sexual behavior among gay and bisexual men: an event-level analysis from a national online survey in the US","volume":"42","author":"Grov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Sex. Behav."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001386","article-title":"Serious concerns regarding a meta-analysis of preexposure prophylaxis use and STI acquisition","volume":"31","author":"Harawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS (Lond.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.2307\/3096941","article-title":"Respondent-driven sampling: a new approach to the study of hidden populations","volume":"44","author":"Heckathorn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc. Probl."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-014-0029-4","article-title":"Online social networking, sexual risk and protective behaviors: considerations for clinicians and researchers","volume":"1","author":"Holloway","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current addiction reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31826e870d","article-title":"Association between serosorting and bacterial sexually transmitted infection among HIV-negative men who have sex with men at an urban lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender health center","volume":"39","author":"Hotton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2015-052325","article-title":"The use of mobile phone apps by Australian gay and bisexual men to meet sex partners: an analysis of sex-seeking repertoires and risks for HIV and STIs using behavioural surveillance data","volume":"92","author":"Hull","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib24","series-title":"Overlapping Transmission Networks of Early Syphilis And\/or Newly HIV Diagnosed Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): Opportunities for Optimizing Public Health Interventions. AIDS and Behavior","author":"Jennings","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2307\/2981886","article-title":"Sampling rare populations","author":"Kalton","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Roy. Stat. Soc."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001185","article-title":"Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection and new sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men","volume":"30","author":"Kojima","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS (Lond.)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200109000-00004","article-title":"Characteristics of persons with syphilis in areas of persisting syphilis in the United States: sustained transmission associated with concurrent partnerships","volume":"28","author":"Koumans","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"issue":"9S Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S38","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000815","article-title":"Old pathogen, new challenges: a narrative review of the multilevel drivers of syphilis increasing in American men who have sex with men","volume":"45","author":"Mayer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex. Transm. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02500-0","article-title":"HIV point of care testing (PoCT) at late-night sex on premises venues (SOPV) for gay and bisexual men and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM): a mixed methods analysis","volume":"24","author":"Mullens","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-014-0955-0","article-title":"The role of geographic and network factors in racial disparities in HIV among young men who have sex with men: an egocentric network study","volume":"19","author":"Mustanski","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib31","volume":"vol. 542","author":"O'Quigley","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-016-0025-1","article-title":"Social media use and HIV-related risk behaviors in young black and latino gay and Bi men and transgender individuals in New York city: implications for online interventions","volume":"93","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Urban Health : Bull. N. Y. Acad. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib33","series-title":"R: A Language Environment for Statistical Computing","year":"2020"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.12.024","article-title":"The social structural production of HIV risk among injecting drug users","volume":"61","author":"Rhodes","year":"2005","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sex risk among young men who have sex with men who use Grindr, a smartphone geosocial networking application","volume":"S4","author":"Rice","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. AIDS Clin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib36","series-title":"University of Oxford: Department of Statistics; Nuffield College","article-title":"Manual for RSiena","author":"Ripley","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1017\/nws.2017.24","article-title":"The coevolution of networks and health: introduction to the special issue of network science","volume":"5","author":"Schaefer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Network Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib38","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Social Networks","first-page":"254","article-title":"Modeling network dynamics","author":"Schaefer","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib39","series-title":"Longitudinal Models in the Behavioral and Related Sciences","first-page":"41","article-title":"Modeling the co-evolution of networks and behavior","author":"Snijders","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socnet.2009.02.004","article-title":"Introduction to stochastic actor-based models for network dynamics","volume":"32","author":"Snijders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soc. Network."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9531.2010.01225.x","article-title":"8. Dynamic networks and behavior: separating selection from influence","volume":"40","author":"Steglich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Socio. Methodol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1086\/230318","article-title":"Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in diffusion","volume":"99","author":"Strang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Sociol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2947","article-title":"Association of HIV preexposure prophylaxis with incidence of sexually transmitted infections among individuals at high risk of HIV infection","volume":"321","author":"Traeger","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib44","series-title":"Quick Facts: United States","author":"United States Census Bureau","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511811395.006","article-title":"Network models and methods for studying the diffusion of innovations","volume":"28","author":"Valente","year":"2005","journal-title":"Models and methods in social network analysis"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1146399","article-title":"Bathhouse distribution of HIV self-testing kits reaches diverse, high-risk population","volume":"28","author":"Woods","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS Care: 2015 AIDS Impact Conference Supplement"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1679-8","article-title":"Sex behaviors as social cues motivating social venue patronage among young black men who have sex with men","volume":"21","author":"Young","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS Behav."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113823","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000}}],"container-title":["Social Science & Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953621000964?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953621000964?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:39:20Z","timestamp":1759505960000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953621000964"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0277953621000964"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764","relation":{"erratum":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113823","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Co-evolution of online social networks and syphilis incidence among young black men who have sex with men","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.113764","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113764"}}