{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T05:10:18Z","timestamp":1793769018754,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654300800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":338,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P2CHD042849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2CHD042849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AG066614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AG066614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T19:50:09Z","timestamp":1622058609000},"page":"114081","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Take a sad song and make it better: Spousal activity limitations, caregiving, and depressive symptoms among couples"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"281","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4128-0398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sae Hwang","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0135-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyungmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Burr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2378023119826441","article-title":"Asymmetric fixed-effects models for panel data","volume":"5","author":"Allison","year":"2019","journal-title":"Socius"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1017\/psrm.2014.7","article-title":"Explaining fixed effects: random effects modeling of time-series cross-sectional and panel data","volume":"3","author":"Bell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Political Science Research and Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2010.05.003","article-title":"Caring for and caring about: disentangling the caregiver effect and the family effect","volume":"29","author":"Bobinac","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Health Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113562","article-title":"Is the grass greener on the other side? The health impact of providing informal care in the UK and The Netherlands","volume":"269","author":"Bom","year":"2021","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib5","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Prosocial Behavior","first-page":"346","article-title":"Functional motives and functional consequences of prosocial behavior","author":"Brown","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2009.02323.x","article-title":"Caregiving behavior is associated with decreased mortality risk","volume":"20","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnq085","article-title":"Gender relations and applied research on aging","volume":"50","author":"Calasanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gerontol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.01.073","article-title":"Does duration of spousal caregiving affect risk of depression onset? Evidence from the Health and Retirement Study","volume":"22","author":"Capistrant","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib9","series-title":"Social Networks and the Life Course: Integrating the Development of Human Lives and Social Relational Networks","first-page":"41","article-title":"The linked lives principle in life course studies: classic approaches and contemporary advances","author":"Carr","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib10","series-title":"Health at Older Ages: the Causes and Consequences of Declining Disability Among the Elderly","first-page":"237","article-title":"Disability and spending growth","author":"Chernew","year":"2009"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/01650250444000405","article-title":"The actor-partner interdependence model: a model of bidirectional effects in developmental studies","volume":"29","author":"Cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"IJBD (Int. J. Behav. Dev.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122216-011732","article-title":"Developmental adaptation to stress: an evolutionary perspective","volume":"70","author":"Ellis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib13","first-page":"e461","article-title":"Caregiving intensity and mortality in older women, accounting for time-varying and lagged caregiver status: the caregiver-study of osteoporotic fractures study","volume":"59","author":"Fredman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib14","series-title":"Future Directions for the Demography of Aging","first-page":"269","article-title":"The demography of late-life disability","author":"Freedman","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-0009.12076","article-title":"Disability and care needs among older Americans","volume":"92","author":"Freedman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Milbank Q."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz052","article-title":"Stress-buffering effects of volunteering on daily well-being: evidence from the national study of daily experiences","volume":"75","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gerontol.: Series B"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbz161","article-title":"Activity limitations and depressive symptoms among older couples: the moderating role of spousal care","volume":"76","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9558.2007.00303.x","article-title":"Time, self, and the curiously abstract concept of agency","volume":"25","author":"Hitlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Socio. Theor."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022094","article-title":"Spousal associations between functional limitation and depressive symptom trajectories: longitudinal findings from the study of Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD)","volume":"30","author":"Hoppmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnt099","article-title":"The emergence of a positive gerontology: from disengagement to social involvement","volume":"54","author":"Johnson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045111","article-title":"Lovesick: how couples' relationships influence health","volume":"13","author":"Kiecolt-Glaser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnx132","article-title":"Aging together: self-perceptions of aging and family experiences among Korean baby boomer couples","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gerontol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu039","article-title":"Functional limitations and depressive symptoms: a longitudinal analysis of older Mexican american couples","volume":"69","author":"Monserud","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/30.5.583","article-title":"Caregiving and the stress process: an overview of concepts and their measures","volume":"30","author":"Pearlin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gerontol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P33","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/61.1.P33","article-title":"Gender differences in caregiver stressors, social resources, and health: an updated meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Pinquart","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib26","series-title":"RAND HRS Longitudinal File 2016 (V2)","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnu177","article-title":"Informal caregiving and its impact on health: a reappraisal from population-based studies","volume":"55","author":"Roth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gerontol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.23.2215","article-title":"Caregiving as a risk factor for mortalitythe caregiver health effects study","volume":"282","author":"Schulz","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib29","series-title":"Families Caring for Aging America","first-page":"73","article-title":"Family caregiving roles and trajectories","author":"Schulz","year":"2016"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NAJ.0000336406.45248.4c","article-title":"Physical and mental health effects of family caregiving","volume":"108","author":"Schulz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbw209","article-title":"Gendered expectations distort male\u2013female differences in instrumental activities of daily living in later adulthood","volume":"74","author":"Sheehan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1017\/S0144686X18000132","article-title":"Typologies of loneliness, living alone and social isolation, and their associations with physical and mental health","volume":"39","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ageing Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu067","article-title":"Cohort profile: the health and retirement study (HRS)","volume":"43","author":"Sonnega","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib34","series-title":"Documentation of Affective Functioning Measures in the Health and Retirement Study","author":"Steffick","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112517","article-title":"The pains and reliefs of the transitions into and out of spousal caregiving. A cross-national comparison of the health consequences of caregiving by gender","volume":"240","author":"Uccheddu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000121","article-title":"A unification of mediation and interaction: a 4-way decomposition","volume":"25","author":"VanderWeele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.1.101","article-title":"Effect of subclinical status in functional limitation and disability on adverse health outcomes 3 years later","volume":"62","author":"Wolinsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"The Journals of Gerontology, Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/geront\/gnt045","article-title":"The effects of adult day services on family caregivers' daily stress, affect, and health: outcomes from the Daily Stress and Health (DaSH) study","volume":"54","author":"Zarit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.113281","article-title":"Psychosocial consequences of transitioning into informal caregiving in male and female caregivers: findings from a population-based panel study","volume":"264","author":"Zwar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Med."}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953621004135?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0277953621004135?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:38:14Z","timestamp":1759505894000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0277953621004135"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0277953621004135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Take a sad song and make it better: Spousal activity limitations, caregiving, and depressive symptoms among couples","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114081","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114081"}}