{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:15:27Z","timestamp":1791476127821,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014-IJ-CX-0028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-IJ-CX-0028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005289","name":"National Institute of Justice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R49\/CE19-003092"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R49\/CE19-003092"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005217","name":"National Center for Injury Prevention and Control","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005217","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T14:11:03Z","timestamp":1625667063000},"page":"114212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"special_numbering":"C","title":["What is the role of firearms in nonfatal intimate partner violence? Findings from civil protective order case data"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"283","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4973-2344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie M.","family":"Kafka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9038-5949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Moracco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanna S.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5068-6288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire G.","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1177\/1088767912471341","article-title":"Fatal and non-fatal intimate partner violence","volume":"18","author":"Addington","year":"2014","journal-title":"Homicide Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515590126","article-title":"Domestic violence protective orders: a qualitative examination of judges' decision-making processes","author":"Agnew-Brune","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Civil protection orders and their courtroom context: the impact of gatekeepers on legal decisions","volume":"34","author":"Bejinariu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fam. Violence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib4","unstructured":"Blackwatters CR, Kafka JM, Moracco KE, Corbo A, Williams DS. (n.d.) Hey Buddy, Give Me Your Guns: Sheriffs Officers' Strategies to Ensure Compliance with Domestic Violence Protective Order Restrictions."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib5","series-title":"Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization \u2014 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011","first-page":"1","author":"Breiding","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib6","series-title":"Firearms - guides - importation & verification of firearms, ammunition - gun control act definitions - firearm . Bureau of alcohol, tobacco, firearms and Explosives","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.7.1089","article-title":"Risk factors for femicide in abusive relationships: results from a multisite case control study","volume":"93","author":"Campbell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib8","series-title":"Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib9","series-title":"Homicide Trends in the United States, 1980-2008","author":"Cooper","year":"2011"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14741","article-title":"Screening for intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults: US preventive services task force final recommendation statement","volume":"320","author":"Curry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.07.021","article-title":"Development and implementation of a screen-and-refer approach to addressing maternal depression, substance use, and intimate partner violence in home visiting clients","volume":"81","author":"Dauber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Child. Youth Serv. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801205277720","article-title":"A summary of personal protection order statutes in the United States","volume":"12","author":"Dejong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801220958495","article-title":"The use of structural intersectionality as a method to analyze how the domestic violence civil protective order process replicates inequality","volume":"27","author":"Durfee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038656","article-title":"Intimate partner violence among sexual minority populations: a critical review of the literature and agenda for future research","volume":"5","author":"Edwards","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Violence"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2352(03)00047-3","article-title":"Protective order legislation: trends in state statutes","volume":"31","author":"Eigenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Crim. Justice"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506291658","article-title":"The distribution of and factors associated with intimate terrorism and situational couple violence among a population-based sample of urban women in the United States","volume":"21","author":"Frye","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1080\/09589236.2020.1751094","article-title":"Women in the emergency department: how to screen for intimate partner violence?","volume":"29","author":"Gun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gend. Stud."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib18","first-page":"100","article-title":"Firearm availability and female homicide victimization rates among 25 populous high-income countries","volume":"57","author":"Hemenway","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Women\u2019s Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.04.013","article-title":"Intimate partner violence, firearms, and sleep disturbances: the influence of coercive control and partner firearm ownership","author":"Jackson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib20","article-title":"Do you believe your partner is capable of killing you? an examination of female IPV survivors' perceptions of fatality risk indicators","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318821691","article-title":"Judging domestic violence from the bench: a narrative analysis of judicial anecdotes about domestic violence protective order cases","volume":"29","author":"Kafka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib22","article-title":"Fatalities related to intimate partner violence: towards a comprehensive perspective","volume":"August","author":"Kafka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib23","first-page":"26","article-title":"Firearm use increases risk of multiple victims in domestic homicides","volume":"48","author":"Kivisto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801216659942","article-title":"Secondary victimization: domestic violence survivors navigating the family law system","volume":"23","author":"Laing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1027\/1016-9040\/a000304","article-title":"Intimate partner violence and help-seeking","volume":"22","author":"Lelaurain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.v33.i3.399","article-title":"Dangerous liaisons: examining the connection of stalking and gun threats among partner abuse victims","volume":"33","author":"Logan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-2441","article-title":"Firearm-related injury and death in the United States: a call to action from the nation's leading physician and public health professional organizations","volume":"171","author":"McLean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00013","article-title":"The association between protective actions and homicide risk: findings from the Oklahoma Lethality Assessment Study","volume":"29","author":"Messing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Violence Vict."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1177\/1557085116678924","article-title":"Protection order use among latina survivors of intimate partner violence","volume":"12","author":"Messing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fem. Criminol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515585540","article-title":"The lethality screen: the predictive validity of an intimate partner violence risk assessment for use by first responders","volume":"32","author":"Messing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Interpers Violence"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3220","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13459","article-title":"Validation and adaptation of the danger assessment-5: a brief intimate partner violence risk assessment","volume":"73","author":"Messing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib32","first-page":"173","article-title":"Not bullet proof\u2018: the complex choice not to seek a civil protection order for intimate partner violence","volume":"27","author":"Messing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Vict."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib33","series-title":"Dying of Whiteness: How the Politics of Racial Resentment Is Killing America's Heartland","author":"Metzl","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1590","article-title":"Firearm acquisition without background checks: results of a national survey","volume":"166","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib35","series-title":"Firearms and Domestic Violence: A Primer for Judges. Court Review","author":"Mitchell","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib36","unstructured":"Moracco KE, Kafka JM, Redding E, et al. (n.d.) Predictors of Protection: an Analysis of Domestic Violence Protective Orders."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib37","unstructured":"Moracco KE, Kafka JM, Blackwatters CM, Corbo A, Williams D. (n.d.) How Do Sheriff's Office Implement and Enforce Gun Restrictions in Domestic Violence Protective Orders?."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib38","article-title":"Counting with understanding? What is at stake in debates on researching domestic violence","author":"Myhill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Criminol. Crim. Justice"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib39","series-title":"General Statutes","year":"2015"},{"issue":"28","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6628a1","article-title":"Racial and ethnic differences in homicides of adult women and the role of intimate partner violence - United States, 2003-2014","volume":"66","author":"Petrosky","year":"2017","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801217722237","article-title":"An updated assessment of personal protective order statutes in the United States: have statutes become more progressive in the past decade?","volume":"24","author":"Richards","year":"2018","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2011.03.004","article-title":"Help seeking and barriers of Hispanic partner violence survivors: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"16","author":"Rizo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aggress. Violent Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/1043986208329771","article-title":"Intimate partner homicide","volume":"25","author":"Roberts","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Contemp. Crim. Justice"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X06287221","article-title":"Gun possession among Massachusetts batterer intervention program enrollees","volume":"30","author":"Rothman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eval. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s12552-018-9247-z","article-title":"Multilevel risk and protective factors for intimate partner violence among african, asian, and latina immigrant and refugee women: perceptions of effective safety planning interventions","volume":"10","author":"Sabri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Race Soc Probl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib46","series-title":"State-Level Estimates of Household Firearm Ownership","author":"Schell","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.22454\/FamMed.2018.311843","article-title":"Identifying opportunities to improve intimate partner violence screening in a primary care system","volume":"50","author":"Sharpless","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fam. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib49","series-title":"National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","author":"Smith","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-0252-8","article-title":"Suicide and additional homicides associated with intimate partner homicide: North Carolina 2004-2013","volume":"95","author":"Smucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Urban Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2016.5832","article-title":"Guns in intimate partner violence: comparing incidents by type of weapon","volume":"26","author":"Sorenson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Womens Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838016668589","article-title":"Nonfatal gun use in intimate partner violence: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Sorenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.01.005","article-title":"New data on intimate partner violence and intimate relationships: implications for gun laws and federal data collection","volume":"107","author":"Sorenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.8.1412","article-title":"Weapons in the lives of battered women","volume":"94","author":"Sorenson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib55","series-title":"Coercive Control: the Entrapment of Women in Personal Life","author":"Stark","year":"2009"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801218816191","article-title":"Coercive control: update and review","volume":"25","author":"Stark","year":"2019","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1089\/vio.2016.0024","article-title":"Is firearm threat in intimate relationships associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among women?","volume":"4","author":"Sullivan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Violence Gend."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib58","series-title":"Extent, Nature, and Consequences of Intimate Partner Violence","author":"Tjaden","year":"2000"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib59","first-page":"130","article-title":"I didn\u201ct know he had it in him to kill me\u2019: nonlethal firearms use and partner violence against canadian women","volume":"5","author":"Tutty","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Forensic Soc Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/1073110517703344","article-title":"Background checks for all gun buyers and gun violence restraining orders: state efforts to keep guns from high-risk persons","volume":"45","author":"Vernick","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Law Med. Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X06287403","article-title":"Are temporary restraining orders more likely to be issued when applications mention firearms?","volume":"30","author":"Vittes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eval. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1089\/vio.2019.0029","article-title":"Firearm removal, judicial decision-making, and domestic violence protection orders","volume":"7","author":"Wallin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Violence Gend."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2007.0530","article-title":"Women with protective orders report failure to remove firearms from their abusive partners: results from an exploratory study","volume":"19","author":"Webster","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Womens Health (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(03)00509-2","article-title":"Sex differences in the perpetrator-victim relationship among emergency department patients presenting with nonfatal firearm-related injuries","volume":"42","author":"Weibe","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annals of Emergency Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301484","article-title":"Identifying armed respondents to domestic violence restraining orders and recovering their firearms: process evaluation of an initiative in California","volume":"104","author":"Wintemute","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-016-9887-y","article-title":"Redefining intimate partner violence beyond the binary to include transgender people","volume":"31","author":"Yerke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Fam. Violence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2009.024620","article-title":"Effects of domestic violence policies, alcohol taxes and police staffing levels on intimate partner homicide in large US cities","volume":"16","author":"Zeoli","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inj. Prev."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.0706","article-title":"Firearm policies that work","volume":"321","author":"Zeoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx362","article-title":"Analysis of the strength of legal firearms restrictions for perpetrators of domestic violence and their associations with intimate partner homicide","volume":"187","author":"Zeoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."}],"container-title":["Social Science &amp; Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795362100544X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S027795362100544X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T15:44:10Z","timestamp":1759506250000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S027795362100544X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["S027795362100544X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212","relation":{},"ISSN":["0277-9536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0277-9536","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What is the role of firearms in nonfatal intimate partner violence? Findings from civil protective order case data","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Social Science & Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2021.114212","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114212"}}